9.5 Gov Unit 2 Vocab Activity PDF

Unit 2 Vocabulary Activity Fill in the vocabulary definitions and a picture, symbol, or example for each vocabulary term. Term Definition Add a picture, symbol...

Unit 2 Vocabulary Activity Fill in the vocabulary definitions and a picture, symbol, or example for each vocabulary term. Term Definition Add a picture, symbol or example 1. Constitutional Convention A convention of delegates from all the states except Rhode Island met in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in May of 1787. 2. Articles of Confederation The Articles of Confederation served as the written document that established the functions of the national government of the United States after it declared independence from Great Britain. 3. Weakness of the Articles No central leadership (executive branch) of Confederation Congress had no power to enforce its laws. Congress had no power to tax. Congress had no power to regulate trade. No national court system (judicial branch) Changes to the Articles required unanimous. consent of 13 states. 4. Great Compromise proposed a bicameral legislature with proportional representation in the lower house and equal representation of the states in the upper house. 5. Virginia Plan Each state's representation in Congress would be based on its population. Outlined a strong national government with three branches: legislative, executive, and judicial. 6. New Jersey Plan The New Jersey Plan was designed to protect the security and power of the small states by limiting each state to one vote in Congress. A unicameral (one-house) legislature in which each state had a single vote. 7. Three-Fifths Compromise It determined that three out of every five slaves were counted when determining a state's total population for legislative representation and taxation. 8. Commerce Compromise The Commerce Compromise established that the power to regulate foreign and interstate (between states) commerce would be a Congressional power. To create a government with enough power to act on a national level, but without so much power that 9. Constitution fundamental rights would be at risk. The Supreme law of the land. The Federalists called for a strong national 10. Federalist government and supported the constitution. a person who opposed the adoption of the U.S. 11. Anti-Federalist Constitution and a weaker national Government and stronger states government. a series of eighty-five essays urging the citizens of 12. Federalist Papers New York to ratify the new United States Constitution. A republic is a form of government in which the 13. Republic people elect, or choose, their leaders.  Popular sovereignty is government based on consent of the people. Popular sovereignty was also expressed in Article VII of the Constitution, 14. Popular sovereignty which required that nine states approve the proposed framework of government before it could become the supreme law of the land. the division and sharing of power between the 15. Federalism national and state governments. 16. Baron de Montesquieu he introduced the idea of separation of powers. principle of government under which separate 17. Checks and balances branches are empowered to prevent actions by other branches and are induced to share power. the ability of the Court to declare a Legislative or 18. Judicial Review Executive act in violation of the Constitution, Rule of law is a principle under which all persons, institutions, and entities are accountable to laws that are: Publicly promulgated. Equally enforced. 19. Rule of law Independently adjudicated. And consistent with international human rights principles.--- Basically, no one is above the law. the division of governmental authority into three branches of government—legislative, executive, 20. Separation of Powers and judicial—each with specified duties on which neither of the other branches can encroach. Article I of the Constitution enumerates the powers 21. Article I of Constitution of Congress and the specific areas in which it may legislate. the legislative branch makes all laws, declares war, 22. Legislative Branch regulates interstate and foreign commerce and (powers) controls taxing and spending policies. establishes the executive branch of the national 23. Article II of Constitution government, headed by a single President 24. How does the Executive The president can veto legislation created by branch check on the other Congress. He or she also nominates heads of branches? federal agencies and high court appointees. guarantees that every person accused of 25. Article III of Constitution wrongdoing has the right to a fair trial before a competent judge and a jury of one's peers. 26. How does the Judicial The Judicial branch can declare acts of the branch check on the other President unconstitutional. branches? gives state legislatures the task of determining how 27. Article IV of Constitution congressional elections are to be held. says how the Constitution can be amended—that is, 28. Article V of Constitution how provisions can be added to the text of the Constitution this article says that when state law is in conflict 29. Article VI of Constitution with federal law, federal law must prevail. declares that the Constitution becomes the official 30. Article VII of Constitution law of the land when ratified by nine states. 31. Bill of Rights The Bill of Rights is the first 10 Amendments to the Constitution.  the Constitution and federal laws (of the types 32. Supremacy clause listed in the first part of the Clause) take priority over any conflicting rules of state law. The Elastic Clause, also known as the Necessary and Proper Clause, allows Congress to exercise 33. Elastic clause implied powers—necessary and proper for carrying out the enumerated powers, though not explicitly stated in the Constitution. the powers granted to the federal government of the 34. Enumerated / expressed/ United States by the States in the United States delegated powers Constitution– Especially to congress. Reserved powers are laws that are not specifically 35. Reserved powers given to the national government and are reserved for the states. powers that are shared by both the federal 36. Concurrent powers government and state governments