Axial Skeleton Anatomy Notes PDF

The Axial Skeleton Skull/Cranium Vertebral Column Thoracic Cage Protecting your MOST important organs Bones of the Cranium Parietal Disjointed... TMJ syndrome: muscle spasm that causes misalignment of the mandible at the temporal bone Causes: teeth grin...

The Axial Skeleton Skull/Cranium Vertebral Column Thoracic Cage Protecting your MOST important organs Bones of the Cranium Parietal Disjointed... TMJ syndrome: muscle spasm that causes misalignment of the mandible at the temporal bone Causes: teeth grinding, jaw clenching, emotional stress Craniosynostosis Early fusion of the cranial fontanelles Foramina = holes/passageways in the bone to allow for nerves and blood vessels to pass Stenosis of the foramen magnum Vertebral Column - Explore the vertebral column models at this station (or use the pictures on this slide if you are absent) - Answer the questions on the next slides based on what you observe. A few curve balls... Kyphosis: exaggerated posterior curve of thoracic vertebrae - predict cause Lordosis:exaggerated anterior curve of lumbar spine - predict cause Scoliosis: abnormal lateral curvature -predict cause Scoliosis Analyze: which part of the spine is affected by this lateral curve? Predict: How does this curve affect the nervous system? More scoliosis... Predict: How would the curvature impact this person’s overall physique? What might be some noticeable external signs of scoliosis? Correcting Scoliosis Predict: How could you surgically correct scoliosis? Why might a person need to correct scoliosis? What might be some negative effects of corrective surgery? Spinal Stenosis narrowing of vertebral or intervertebral foramina Herniated Disc interior “jelly” pushes out through the outer fibrous covering Disc Herniation MRI Broken Ribs Painful due to expansion during breathing; potential for pneumothorax (punctured lung) Pectus Excavatum (Sunken Chest) Sternum bows inward, lower ribs flare out Severe cases may infringe on heart and lung function Review Slides 9. What are these lines called in infancy? Adulthood? 1. 10. 2. 11. 3. 4. 5. 12. 6. 7. 13. What joint is this? 8.  14. 15. 20. 16. 21. 17. WHOLE STRUCTURE 18. 19.  26. 27. 25. 24. 23. 28. 22. 29. 30. 31. What is the function of #30? 32. How many vertebrae are there in each of these regions: Cervical______7______ Thoracic____12________ Lumbar_______5______ 33. What is the name of this vertebrae (C1) and what type of movement does it allow for? 34. What is the name of this vertebrae (C2) and what type of movement does it allow for? 35. Describe 1 disorder of the cranium 37. How does the spine appear in lordosis? 36. Name the open spaces found here 38. What is the name of the condition that involves sideways curvature of the spine? 39. Name two conditions that might cause nerve pain/numbness