Neurosurgery Test PDF

 What is the primary function of the cerebellum?  A) Vision  B) Hearing  C) Coordination and balance  D) Memory  Correct Answer: C  Which cranial nerve is responsible for facial expressions?  A) Trigeminal  B) Facial  C) Vagu...

 What is the primary function of the cerebellum?  A) Vision  B) Hearing  C) Coordination and balance  D) Memory  Correct Answer: C  Which cranial nerve is responsible for facial expressions?  A) Trigeminal  B) Facial  C) Vagus  D) Hypoglossal  Correct Answer: B  What condition is characterized by a sudden burst of electrical activity in the brain?  A) Stroke  B) Epilepsy  C) Hydrocephalus  D) Meningitis  Correct Answer: B 4. Which imaging technique is most commonly used to visualize brain structure?  A) X-ray  B) Ultrasound  C) MRI  D) CT scan  Correct Answer: C 5. Which part of the brain controls voluntary movements?  A) Cerebellum  B) Brainstem  C) Cerebrum  D) Medulla oblongata  Correct Answer: C  What is the medical term for a blood clot in the brain?  A) Embolism  B) Aneurysm  C) Thrombosis  D) Hematoma  Correct Answer: C  Which type of cell is primarily affected in glioblastoma?  A) Neuron  B) Glial cell  C) Epithelial cell  D) Endothelial cell  Correct Answer: B  Which procedure involves the removal of part of the skull to relieve pressure on the brain?  A) Craniotomy  B) Laminectomy  C) Discectomy  D) Thoracotomy  Correct Answer: A  What is the term for inflammation of the brain?  A) Encephalitis  B) Meningitis  C) Myelitis  D) Neuritis  Correct Answer: A  What is the name of the fluid that cushions and protects the brain and spinal cord?  A) Blood  B) Cerebrospinal fluid  C) Synovial fluid  D) Lymph  Correct Answer: B  Which of the following is a common symptom of a brain tumor?  A) Fever  B) Hypertension  C) Seizures  D) Jaundice  Correct Answer: C  What type of brain surgery is commonly performed to treat epilepsy?  A) Deep brain stimulation  B) Lobectomy  C) Cranioplasty  D) Stereotactic radiosurgery  Correct Answer: B  What is a potential complication of a subarachnoid hemorrhage?  A) Hydrocephalus  B) Diabetes  C) Hypertension  D) Hypoglycemia  Correct Answer: A 14. Which structure connects the two hemispheres of the brain?  A) Cerebellum  B) Thalamus  C) Corpus callosum  D) Hypothalamus  Correct Answer: C  What condition is caused by the excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain?  A) Hydrocephalus  B) Multiple sclerosis  C) Parkinson’s disease  D) Alzheimer’s disease  Correct Answer: A  Which brain region is involved in the regulation of emotions?  A) Cerebellum  B) Limbic system  C) Medulla oblongata  D) Pons  Correct Answer: B  What is the purpose of a lumbar puncture in neurosurgery?  A) To inject medication  B) To measure intracranial pressure  C) To obtain cerebrospinal fluid  D) To deliver anesthesia  Correct Answer: C 18. Which artery is most commonly associated with strokes?  A) Coronary artery  B) Renal artery  C) Middle cerebral artery  D) Femoral artery  Correct Answer: C  What is the term for the death of brain cells due to lack of oxygen?  A) Apoptosis  B) Necrosis  C) Ischemia  D) Infarction  Correct Answer: D  Which neurotransmitter is primarily involved in the brain’s reward system?  A) Dopamine  B) Serotonin  C) Acetylcholine  D) GABA  Correct Answer: A  What is the name of the condition characterized by inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord?  A) Encephalitis  B) Meningitis  C) Neuritis  D) Myelitis  Correct Answer: B  What surgical procedure involves the removal of a portion of a vertebra?  A) Craniotomy  B) Laminectomy  C) Thoracotomy  D) Discectomy  Correct Answer: B  Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for processing visual information?  A) Frontal lobe  B) Parietal lobe  C) Occipital lobe  D) Temporal lobe  Correct Answer: C  Which of the following conditions is a type of brain herniation?  A) Subdural hematoma  B) Epidural hematoma  C) Tonsillar herniation  D) Subarachnoid hemorrhage  Correct Answer: C  What is the main goal of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt?  A) To deliver chemotherapy  B) To drain excess cerebrospinal fluid  C) To remove a brain tumor  D) To control seizures  Correct Answer: B  Which surgical technique uses radiation to treat brain tumors?  A) Craniotomy  B) Laminectomy  C) Stereotactic radiosurgery  D) Endoscopic surgery  Correct Answer: C  Which brain structure is known as the "gateway to the cortex"?  A) Thalamus  B) Hypothalamus  C) Hippocampus  D) Amygdala  Correct Answer: A  What condition is characterized by progressive degeneration of motor neurons?  A) Parkinson's disease  B) Alzheimer's disease  C) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)  D) Multiple sclerosis (MS)  Correct Answer: C  Which procedure is used to monitor the electrical activity of the brain?  A) MRI  B) CT scan  C) EEG  D) PET scan  Correct Answer: C  What is the primary function of the hippocampus?  A) Speech  B) Memory  C) Vision  D) Balance  Correct Answer: B  Which condition involves a rupture of an aneurysm in the brain?  A) Subdural hematoma  B) Subarachnoid hemorrhage  C) Epidural hematoma  D) Intracerebral hemorrhage  Correct Answer: B  What is the name of the condition where there is bleeding between the dura mater and the skull?  A) Subdural hematoma  B) Subarachnoid hemorrhage  C) Epidural hematoma  D) Intracerebral hemorrhage  Correct Answer: C  Which of the following is a common cause of traumatic brain injury (TBI)?  A) Stroke  B) Infection  C) Fall  D) Tumor  Correct Answer: C  Which brain structure is involved in regulating sleep-wake cycles?  A) Cerebellum  B) Hypothalamus  C) Pons  D) Medulla oblongata  Correct Answer: B  What is the primary treatment for a brain abscess?  A) Antiviral medication  B) Chemotherapy  C) Antibiotics and surgical drainage  D) Radiation therapy  Correct Answer: C  What condition is characterized by recurrent headaches and visual disturbances due to increased intracranial pressure?  A) Migraine  B) Tension headache  C) Cluster headache  D) Idiopathic intracranial hypertension  Correct Answer: D  What type of brain injury is caused by a direct blow to the head?  A) Concussion  B) Contusion  C) Hematoma  D) Laceration  Correct Answer: A  Which neurotransmitter is deficient in Parkinson's disease?  A) Serotonin  B) Acetylcholine  C) Dopamine  D) Glutamate  Correct Answer: C  Which surgical procedure involves implanting electrodes in the brain to treat movement disorders?  A) Deep brain stimulation  B) Craniotomy  C) Stereotactic radiosurgery  D) Endovascular surgery  Correct Answer: A  What is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in adults?  A) Streptococcus pneumoniae  B) Escherichia coli  C) Haemophilus influenzae  D) Listeria monocytogenes  Correct Answer: A  Which brain structure is primarily responsible for producing cerebrospinal fluid?  A) Choroid plexus  B) Hippocampus  C) Thalamus  D) Hypothalamus  Correct Answer: A  What is the main function of the prefrontal cortex?  A) Motor control  B) Sensory perception  C) Decision making and personality  D) Balance and coordination  Correct Answer: C  Which type of stroke is caused by a blood clot blocking an artery in the brain?  A) Hemorrhagic stroke  B) Ischemic stroke  C) Transient ischemic attack  D) Silent stroke  Correct Answer: B  What is the primary symptom of trigeminal neuralgia?  A) Muscle weakness  B) Severe facial pain  C) Vision loss  D) Hearing loss  Correct Answer: B  Which condition involves abnormal blood vessel connections in the brain?  A) Arteriovenous malformation (AVM)  B) Aneurysm  C) Cavernoma  D) Hemangioma  Correct Answer: A  Which imaging technique is best for detecting acute bleeding in the brain?  A) MRI  B) CT scan  C) PET scan  D) X-ray  Correct Answer: B 47. What is the function of the brainstem?  A) Regulating vital functions such as heart rate and breathing  B) Processing visual information  C) Coordinating movement  D) Storing long-term memories  Correct Answer: A  Which surgical procedure is often used to treat hydrocephalus?  A) Craniotomy  B) Laminectomy  C) Ventriculoperitoneal shunt  D) Discectomy  Correct Answer: C 49. Which condition is characterized by recurrent episodes of severe headache, nausea, and sensitivity to light and sound?  A) Tension headache  B) Cluster headache  C) Migraine  D) Sinus headache  Correct Answer: C  What is the name of the surgical technique used to remove part of a herniated disc in the spine?  A) Craniotomy  B) Discectomy  C) Laminectomy  D) Thoracotomy  Correct Answer: B  Which cranial nerve is responsible for vision?  A) Optic  B) Oculomotor  C) Trochlear  D) Abducens  Correct Answer: A  What is the term for a surgical procedure that removes a brain tumor?  A) Lobectomy  B) Cranioplasty  C) Tumor resection  D) Hemorrhoidectomy  Correct Answer: C  Which condition involves the narrowing of the spinal canal?  A) Scoliosis  B) Kyphosis  C) Spinal stenosis  D) Lordosis  Correct Answer: C  What is the primary cause of subdural hematoma?  A) Stroke  B) Head trauma  C) Infection  D) Tumor  Correct Answer: B  Which part of the brain is involved in language comprehension?  A) Broca's area  B) Wernicke's area  C) Motor cortex  D) Somatosensory cortex  Correct Answer: B  What type of brain surgery involves creating a small hole in the skull to access the brain?  A) Burr hole  B) Craniotomy  C) Stereotactic surgery  D) Endoscopic surgery  Correct Answer: A  What is the medical term for loss of sensation or movement in part of the body?  A) Paresthesia  B) Anesthesia  C) Paralysis  D) Dysesthesia  Correct Answer: C  Which structure in the brain is responsible for producing the majority of cerebrospinal fluid?  A) Choroid plexus  B) Ventricles  C) Meninges  D) Pituitary gland  Correct Answer: A  What is the function of the basal ganglia?  A) Vision processing  B) Balance and coordination  C) Motor control  D) Sensory perception  Correct Answer: C  Which condition is characterized by sudden, severe headache often described as "the worst headache of my life"?  A) Migraine  B) Cluster headache  C) Tension headache  D) Subarachnoid hemorrhage   Correct Answer: D  What is the medical term for a fluid-filled cavity within the brain?  A) Aneurysm  B) Cyst  C) Hematoma  D) Abscess  Correct Answer: B  Which cranial nerve is responsible for hearing and balance?  A) Trigeminal  B) Facial  C) Vestibulocochlear  D) Glossopharyngeal  Correct Answer: C  What is the term for the surgical removal of a portion of the skull to access the brain?  A) Craniotomy  B) Laminectomy  C) Discectomy  D) Endoscopy  Correct Answer: A  Which of the following conditions is most commonly treated with shunt surgery?  A) Hydrocephalus  B) Brain abscess  C) Epilepsy  D) Brain tumor  Correct Answer: A  What is the primary goal of endovascular coiling?  A) To remove a brain tumor  B) To treat aneurysms  C) To relieve intracranial pressure  D) To treat hydrocephalus  Correct Answer: B  Which lobe of the brain is primarily responsible for processing auditory information?  A) Frontal  B) Parietal  C) Occipital  D) Temporal  Correct Answer: D  Which of the following is a potential complication of untreated hydrocephalus?  A) Cerebral palsy  B) Meningitis  C) Brain herniation  D) Subdural hematoma  Correct Answer: C  What is the primary purpose of stereotactic radiosurgery?  A) To remove a brain tumor  B) To treat vascular malformations  C) To deliver focused radiation  D) To relieve pain  Correct Answer: C 69. Which condition is characterized by demyelination of nerve fibers in the central nervous system?  A) Alzheimer's disease  B) Multiple sclerosis  C) Parkinson's disease  D) Huntington's disease  Correct Answer: B  Which neurotransmitter is primarily affected in Alzheimer's disease?  A) Dopamine  B) Serotonin  C) Acetylcholine  D) GABA  Correct Answer: C  What is the medical term for an inflammation of the spinal cord?  A) Encephalitis  B) Meningitis  C) Myelitis  D) Neuritis  Correct Answer: C  Which part of the brain is responsible for regulating heart rate and breathing?  A) Cerebellum  B) Medulla oblongata  C) Hypothalamus  D) Pons  Correct Answer: B  Which condition is characterized by abnormal brain activity that causes seizures?  A) Stroke  B) Epilepsy  C) Meningitis  D) Hydrocephalus  Correct Answer: B  What is the primary function of the frontal lobe?  A) Vision  B) Hearing  C) Executive functions and decision making  D) Balance and coordination  Correct Answer: C  Which procedure involves the insertion of a needle into the subarachnoid space to obtain cerebrospinal fluid?  A) Craniotomy  B) Lumbar puncture  C) Discectomy  D) Laminectomy  Correct Answer: B  Which condition involves an abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain's ventricles?  A) Meningitis  B) Hydrocephalus  C) Encephalitis  D) Subdural hematoma  Correct Answer: B  What is the medical term for a surgical procedure to correct a deformity of the skull?  A) Cranioplasty  B) Craniotomy  C) Laminectomy  D) Discectomy  Correct Answer: A  Which brain structure plays a key role in forming new memories?  A) Amygdala  B) Thalamus  C) Hippocampus  D) Hypothalamus  Correct Answer: C  Which of the following is a common cause of intracerebral hemorrhage?  A) Trauma  B) Hypertension  C) Infection  D) Tumor  Correct Answer: B  Which procedure is used to treat an aneurysm by placing a clip at its base?  A) Endovascular coiling  B) Clipping  C) Embolization  D) Cranioplasty  Correct Answer: B  What is the primary symptom of Bell's palsy?  A) Vision loss  B) Hearing loss  C) Facial paralysis  D) Memory loss  Correct Answer: C  Which part of the brain is involved in regulating temperature and hunger?  A) Thalamus  B) Hypothalamus  C) Hippocampus  D) Cerebellum  Correct Answer: B  Which condition involves a tangle of abnormal blood vessels in the brain?  A) Aneurysm  B) Arteriovenous malformation (AVM)  C) Hematoma  D) Cyst  Correct Answer: B  What is the main goal of decompressive craniectomy?  A) To remove a brain tumor  B) To treat hydrocephalus  C) To relieve intracranial pressure  D) To treat epilepsy  Correct Answer: C  Which of the following is a hallmark of Parkinson's disease?  A) Tremors  B) Memory loss   C) Vision problems  D) Headache  Correct Answer: A  Which brain structure is primarily responsible for processing visual information?  A) Temporal lobe  B) Parietal lobe  C) Frontal lobe  D) Occipital lobe  Correct Answer: D  What is the term for a blood clot that forms within a blood vessel in the brain?  A) Aneurysm  B) Hematoma  C) Thrombosis  D) Embolism  Correct Answer: C  Which cranial nerve is primarily responsible for eye movement?  A) Optic  B) Oculomotor  C) Trigeminal  D) Facial  Correct Answer: B  What is the primary treatment for an acute ischemic stroke?  A) Surgery  B) Anticoagulants  C) Thrombolysis  D) Radiation therapy  Correct Answer: C  Which part of the brain is responsible for coordinating voluntary movements?  A) Basal ganglia  B) Cerebellum  C) Medulla oblongata  D) Hypothalamus  Correct Answer: B  Which condition is characterized by a progressive decline in cognitive function and memory?  A) Parkinson's disease  B) Alzheimer's disease   C) Multiple sclerosis  D) ALS  Correct Answer: B  What is the term for inflammation of the brain?  A) Meningitis  B) Encephalitis  C) Myelitis  D) Neuritis  Correct Answer: B  Which type of seizure affects only one part of the brain?  A) Generalized seizure  B) Partial (focal) seizure  C) Absence seizure  D) Atonic seizure  Correct Answer: B  Which procedure is used to monitor and record electrical activity in the brain?  A) MRI  B) CT scan  C) EEG  D) PET scan  Correct Answer: C  What is the primary symptom of a herniated disc in the spine?  A) Chest pain  B) Abdominal pain  C) Leg pain  D) Headache  Correct Answer: C  Which neurotransmitter is deficient in Parkinson's disease?  A) Serotonin  B) Dopamine  C) Acetylcholine  D) GABA  Correct Answer: B  What is the purpose of a myelogram?  A) To visualize the spinal cord  B) To measure intracranial pressure  C) To detect brain tumors  D) To assess cerebrospinal fluid  Correct Answer: A  Which condition involves the loss of myelin sheaths around nerve fibers?  A) Alzheimer's disease  B) Multiple sclerosis  C) Parkinson's disease  D) Huntington's disease  Correct Answer: B  What is the term for the surgical removal of part of a herniated disc in the spine?  A) Craniotomy  B) Discectomy  C) Laminectomy  D) Thoracotomy  Correct Answer: B  Which brain structure is involved in regulating emotions and forming memories?  A) Cerebellum  B) Medulla oblongata  C) Hippocampus  D) Thalamus  Correct Answer: C 101. Which surgical procedure involves the removal of a part of the vertebral bone called the lamina?  A) Craniotomy  B) Laminectomy  C) Discectomy  D) Endoscopy  Correct Answer: B 102. What is the term for inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord?  A) Encephalitis  B) Meningitis  C) Myelitis  D) Neuritis  Correct Answer: B 103. Which condition is characterized by a temporary reduction in blood flow to the brain, often called a "mini-stroke"?  A) Hemorrhagic stroke  B) Ischemic stroke  C) Transient ischemic attack (TIA)  D) Lacunar stroke  Correct Answer: C 104. What is the primary function of the parietal lobe?  A) Vision  B) Hearing  C) Sensory perception  D) Motor control  Correct Answer: C 105. Which procedure is used to relieve pressure on the brain caused by excess cerebrospinal fluid?  A) Craniotomy  B) Ventriculostomy  C) Discectomy  D) Laminectomy  Correct Answer: B 106. What is the most common cause of a subarachnoid hemorrhage?  A) Head trauma  B) Hypertension  C) Aneurysm rupture  D) Infection  Correct Answer: C 107. Which cranial nerve is responsible for smell?  A) Optic  B) Oculomotor  C) Olfactory  D) Trigeminal  Correct Answer: C 108. Which condition is characterized by severe, episodic facial pain?  A) Bell's palsy  B) Trigeminal neuralgia  C) Cluster headache  D) Temporal arteritis  Correct Answer: B 109. What is the term for the surgical removal of a brain tumor through the nose?  A) Craniotomy  B) Endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery  C) Stereotactic surgery  D) Laminectomy  Correct Answer: B 110. Which part of the brain controls voluntary movements?  A) Frontal lobe  B) Occipital lobe  C) Parietal lobe  D) Temporal lobe  Correct Answer: A 111. What is the primary goal of deep brain stimulation (DBS)?  A) To remove a brain tumor  B) To control chronic pain  C) To treat movement disorders  D) To repair a skull fracture  Correct Answer: C 112. Which structure connects the two hemispheres of the brain?  A) Cerebellum  B) Corpus callosum  C) Thalamus  D) Pons  Correct Answer: B 113. What is the primary symptom of a brain abscess?  A) Seizures  B) Fever  C) Headache  D) Vomiting  Correct Answer: C 114. Which condition involves inflammation of the brain itself?  A) Meningitis  B) Encephalitis  C) Myelitis  D) Neuritis  Correct Answer: B 115. Which diagnostic test uses X-rays to create detailed images of the brain?  A) MRI  B) CT scan  C) PET scan  D) EEG  Correct Answer: B 116. What is the primary treatment for a ruptured cerebral aneurysm?  A) Anticoagulants  B) Surgical clipping or endovascular coiling  C) Chemotherapy  D) Radiotherapy  Correct Answer: B 117. Which cranial nerve controls the muscles for chewing?  A) Facial  B) Glossopharyngeal  C) Hypoglossal  D) Trigeminal  Correct Answer: D 118. What is the main purpose of an EEG?  A) To measure electrical activity in the brain  B) To create detailed images of the brain  C) To assess blood flow in the brain  D) To evaluate cerebrospinal fluid  Correct Answer: A 119. Which brain structure is involved in processing emotions and memory?  A) Thalamus  B) Hypothalamus  C) Amygdala  D) Medulla oblongata  Correct Answer: C 120. What is the primary symptom of carpal tunnel syndrome?  A) Leg pain  B) Abdominal pain  C) Hand and wrist pain  D) Neck pain  Correct Answer: C 121. What is the term for a surgical procedure that removes a portion of a vertebral disc that is pressing on a nerve?  A) Craniotomy  B) Discectomy  C) Laminectomy  D) Thoracotomy  Correct Answer: B 122. Which diagnostic test is used to detect abnormalities in the brain’s electrical activity?  A) MRI  B) CT scan  C) EEG  D) PET scan  Correct Answer: C 123. Which condition is associated with demyelination in the central nervous system?  A) Parkinson's disease  B) Alzheimer's disease  C) Multiple sclerosis  D) Huntington's disease  Correct Answer: C 124. Which brain structure is essential for forming new memories?  A) Thalamus  B) Hypothalamus  C) Hippocampus  D) Amygdala  Correct Answer: C 125. Which surgical tool is commonly used to remove a brain tumor?  A) Scalpel  B) Trephine  C) Gamma knife  D) Hemostat  Correct Answer: C 126. What does EEG stand for?  A) Electromyography  B) Electroencephalography  C) Electroneurography  D) Electrocorticography  Correct Answer: B 127. What is the name of the condition where the brain shifts from its normal position inside the skull?  A) Hydrocephalus  B) Brain herniation  C) Cerebral edema  D) Encephalitis  Correct Answer: B 128. Which part of the brain controls the autonomic nervous system?    A) Hypothalamus  B) Thalamus  C) Hippocampus  D) Amygdala  Correct Answer: A 129. Which type of brain tumor is most commonly found in the pituitary gland?  A) Glioma  B) Meningioma  C) Adenoma  D) Sarcoma  Correct Answer: C 130. What is the common surgical procedure to remove a portion of a vertebral disc that is pressing on a nerve?  A) Craniotomy  B) Discectomy  C) Laminectomy  D) Thoracotomy  Correct Answer: B 131. What is the primary symptom of carpal tunnel syndrome?  A) Leg pain  B) Abdominal pain  C) Hand and wrist pain  D) Neck pain  Correct Answer: C 132. Which diagnostic test is used to detect abnormalities in the brain’s electrical activity?  A) MRI  B) CT scan  C) EEG  D) PET scan  Correct Answer: C 133. Which neurotransmitter is primarily involved in the regulation of mood and emotion?  A) Dopamine  B) Serotonin  C) Acetylcholine  D) GABA  Correct Answer: B 134. What type of tumor is most commonly found in the pituitary gland?   A) Glioma  B) Meningioma  C) Adenoma  D) Sarcoma  Correct Answer: C 135. Which condition is characterized by progressive memory loss and cognitive decline?  A) Parkinson's disease  B) Alzheimer's disease  C) Multiple sclerosis  D) ALS  Correct Answer: B 136. What is the main goal of a cranioplasty?  A) To relieve brain swelling  B) To repair a skull defect  C) To remove a brain tumor  D) To treat epilepsy  Correct Answer: B 137. Which brain structure is involved in regulating circadian rhythms?  A) Thalamus  B) Hypothalamus  C) Amygdala  D) Cerebellum  Correct Answer: B 138. Which part of the brain is most affected by Huntington's disease?  A) Frontal lobe  B) Occipital lobe  C) Basal ganglia  D) Temporal lobe  Correct Answer: C 139. Which imaging technique uses magnetic fields to create detailed images of the brain?  A) MRI  B) CT scan  C) PET scan  D) EEG  Correct Answer: A 140. What is the term for the surgical procedure to create an opening in the skull?  A) Laminectomy   B) Craniotomy  C) Discectomy  D) Endoscopy  Correct Answer: B 141. Which neurotransmitter is primarily involved in the regulation of mood and emotion?  A) Dopamine  B) Serotonin  C) Acetylcholine  D) GABA  Correct Answer: B 142. Which condition involves a blood clot in the brain's venous system?  A) Ischemic stroke  B) Hemorrhagic stroke  C) Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis  D) Transient ischemic attack  Correct Answer: C 143. Which cranial nerve is responsible for tongue movement?  A) Glossopharyngeal  B) Hypoglossal  C) Facial  D) Vagus  Correct Answer: B 144. What is the term for abnormal tissue growth in the brain?  A) Aneurysm  B) Hematoma  C) Tumor  D) Abscess  Correct Answer: C 145. Which part of the brain is responsible for processing visual information?  A) Temporal lobe  B) Parietal lobe  C) Occipital lobe  D) Frontal lobe  Correct Answer: C 146. Which condition involves chronic pain and muscle tenderness, often associated with sleep disturbances and fatigue?  A) Multiple sclerosis  B) Fibromyalgia  C) Myasthenia gravis   D) ALS  Correct Answer: B 147. What is the main goal of a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt?  A) To relieve intracranial pressure  B) To remove a brain tumor  C) To treat epilepsy  D) To control chronic pain  Correct Answer: A 148. Which brain structure is involved in regulating the endocrine system?  A) Cerebellum  B) Thalamus  C) Pituitary gland  D) Medulla oblongata  Correct Answer: C 149. Which part of the brain is most commonly affected by a stroke?  A) Frontal lobe  B) Occipital lobe  C) Parietal lobe  D) Temporal lobe  Correct Answer: C 150. What is the primary function of the cerebellum?  A) Memory formation  B) Emotion regulation  C) Balance and coordination  D) Language comprehension  Correct Answer: C  Which condition is characterized by abnormal electrical activity in the brain?  A) Epilepsy  B) Alzheimer's disease  C) Parkinson's disease  D) Multiple sclerosis  Correct Answer: A  Which cranial nerve is responsible for hearing and balance?  A) Facial  B) Glossopharyngeal  C) Vestibulocochlear  D) Vagus  Correct Answer: C 153. Which type of brain tumor originates from glial cells?  A) Meningioma  B) Glioma  C) Adenoma  D) Sarcoma  Correct Answer: B 154. What is the primary symptom of a meningioma?  A) Hearing loss  B) Seizures  C) Muscle weakness  D) Vision problems  Correct Answer: B 155. Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for speech production?  A) Wernicke's area  B) Broca's area  C) Occipital lobe  D) Cerebellum  Correct Answer: B 156. What is the main purpose of a lumbar puncture?  A) To measure intracranial pressure  B) To obtain cerebrospinal fluid for analysis  C) To inject medication into the spinal cord  D) To remove a herniated disc  Correct Answer: B 157. Which condition is characterized by the degeneration of the basal ganglia?  A) Alzheimer's disease  B) Parkinson's disease  C) Huntington's disease  D) ALS  Correct Answer: C 158. Which brain structure is involved in regulating body temperature?  A) Thalamus  B) Hypothalamus  C) Amygdala  D) Cerebellum  Correct Answer: B 159. Which type of stroke is caused by a rupture of a blood vessel in the brain?  A) Ischemic stroke  B) Hemorrhagic stroke   C) Transient ischemic attack  D) Lacunar stroke  Correct Answer: B 160. Which cranial nerve controls facial expression?  A) Trigeminal  B) Facial  C) Glossopharyngeal  D) Vagus  Correct Answer: B 161. What is the term for an abnormal dilation of a blood vessel in the brain?  A) Thrombosis  B) Aneurysm  C) Hematoma  D) Embolism  Correct Answer: B 162. Which procedure is used to treat hydrocephalus?  A) Craniotomy  B) Discectomy  C) Shunt placement  D) Laminectomy  Correct Answer: C 163. Which part of the brain is involved in processing sensory information from the body?  A) Occipital lobe  B) Parietal lobe  C) Temporal lobe  D) Frontal lobe  Correct Answer: B 164. Which condition is characterized by recurrent, severe headaches often accompanied by nausea and sensitivity to light?  A) Cluster headaches  B) Tension headaches  C) Sinus headaches  D) Migraines  Correct Answer: D 165. Which brain structure is involved in motor control and coordination?  A) Thalamus  B) Hypothalamus  C) Cerebellum  D) Hippocampus   Correct Answer: C 166. Which type of brain tumor is most common in children?  A) Glioblastoma  B) Medulloblastoma  C) Meningioma  D) Schwannoma  Correct Answer: B 167. What is the primary treatment for an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) in the brain?  A) Chemotherapy  B) Radiation therapy  C) Surgical removal or endovascular embolization  D) Anticoagulant therapy  Correct Answer: C 168. Which cranial nerve is responsible for taste and swallowing?  A) Facial  B) Glossopharyngeal  C) Hypoglossal  D) Vagus  Correct Answer: B 169. What is the term for inflammation of the spinal cord?  A) Meningitis  B) Encephalitis  C) Myelitis  D) Neuritis  Correct Answer: C 170. Which imaging technique uses radioactive tracers to examine brain activity?  A) MRI  B) CT scan  C) PET scan  D) EEG  Correct Answer: C 171. Which condition is characterized by the loss of voluntary muscle control due to the degeneration of motor neurons?  A) Parkinson's disease  B) Multiple sclerosis  C) ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis)  D) Huntington's disease  Correct Answer: C 172. Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for auditory processing?  A) Occipital lobe  B) Parietal lobe  C) Temporal lobe  D) Frontal lobe  Correct Answer: C 173. What is the main goal of stereotactic radiosurgery?  A) To remove a brain tumor  B) To treat epilepsy  C) To deliver precise radiation to a targeted area  D) To repair a skull fracture  Correct Answer: C 174. Which neurotransmitter is involved in the regulation of mood, appetite, and sleep?  A) Dopamine  B) Serotonin  C) Acetylcholine  D) GABA  Correct Answer: B 175. What is the primary purpose of an intracranial pressure (ICP) monitor?  A) To measure brain activity  B) To assess blood flow in the brain  C) To measure pressure inside the skull  D) To evaluate cerebrospinal fluid  Correct Answer: C 176. Which condition is treated with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt?  A) Brain tumor  B) Hydrocephalus  C) Epilepsy  D) Cerebral aneurysm  Correct Answer: B  Which part of the brain is responsible for the regulation of emotions and fear responses?  A) Hippocampus  B) Amygdala  C) Thalamus  D) Hypothalamus  Correct Answer: B 178. What is the term for the surgical removal of a portion of the skull to access the brain?   A) Laminectomy  B) Craniotomy  C) Discectomy  D) Endoscopy  Correct Answer: B 179. Which condition involves a buildup of cerebrospinal fluid within the brain's ventricles?  A) Hydrocephalus  B) Encephalitis  C) Meningitis  D) Myelitis  Correct Answer: A 180. Which cranial nerve is responsible for controlling the muscles of mastication (chewing)?  A) Facial  B) Trigeminal  C) Hypoglossal  D) Glossopharyngeal  Correct Answer: B 181. What is the primary goal of a cranioplasty?  A) To relieve brain swelling  B) To repair a skull defect  C) To remove a brain tumor  D) To treat epilepsy  Correct Answer: B 182. Which brain structure is involved in regulating sleep-wake cycles?  A) Thalamus  B) Hypothalamus  C) Amygdala  D) Cerebellum  Correct Answer: B 183. Which condition is characterized by progressive degeneration of motor neurons, leading to muscle weakness and atrophy?  A) Alzheimer's disease  B) Parkinson's disease  C) ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis)  D) Huntington's disease  Correct Answer: C 184. What is the term for a surgical procedure to repair a herniated disc?  A) Craniotomy   B) Discectomy  C) Laminectomy  D) Thoracotomy  Correct Answer: B 185. Which neurotransmitter is primarily deficient in patients with Parkinson's disease?  A) Serotonin  B) Dopamine  C) Acetylcholine  D) GABA  Correct Answer: B 186. Which part of the brain is involved in processing and integrating sensory information?  A) Frontal lobe  B) Occipital lobe  C) Parietal lobe  D) Temporal lobe  Correct Answer: C 187. What is the main goal of a craniotomy?  A) To remove a portion of a vertebral disc  B) To create an opening in the skull to access the brain  C) To relieve pressure on the spinal cord  D) To repair a skull defect  Correct Answer: B 188. Which imaging technique is often used to guide minimally invasive neurosurgical procedures?  A) X-ray  B) Ultrasound  C) MRI  D) CT scan  Correct Answer: C 189. What is the primary function of the temporal lobe?  A) Vision  B) Hearing and memory  C) Motor control  D) Sensory perception  Correct Answer: B 190. Which condition is characterized by recurrent, uncontrolled electrical discharges in the brain?  A) Alzheimer's disease   B) Parkinson's disease  C) Epilepsy  D) Multiple sclerosis  Correct Answer: C 191. Which brain structure is involved in regulating hormone production and release?  A) Thalamus  B) Hypothalamus  C) Amygdala  D) Cerebellum  Correct Answer: B 192. Which condition involves inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord?  A) Encephalitis  B) Meningitis  C) Myelitis  D) Neuritis  Correct Answer: B 193. Which cranial nerve is responsible for smell?  A) Optic  B) Oculomotor  C) Olfactory  D) Trigeminal  Correct Answer: C 194. Which type of brain tumor is most commonly found in the pituitary gland?  A) Glioma  B) Meningioma  C) Adenoma  D) Sarcoma  Correct Answer: C 195. What is the primary symptom of a subdural hematoma?  A) Hearing loss  B) Seizures  C) Headache  D) Vision problems  Correct Answer: C 196. Which part of the brain is responsible for balance and coordination?  A) Thalamus  B) Hypothalamus  C) Cerebellum   D) Hippocampus  Correct Answer: C 197. Which condition is characterized by chronic, widespread pain and tenderness?  A) Multiple sclerosis  B) Fibromyalgia  C) Myasthenia gravis  D) ALS  Correct Answer: B 198. What is the primary treatment for a ruptured cerebral aneurysm?  A) Anticoagulants  B) Surgical clipping or endovascular coiling  C) Chemotherapy  D) Radiotherapy  Correct Answer: B 199. Which cranial nerve controls the muscles for chewing?  A) Facial  B) Glossopharyngeal  C) Hypoglossal  D) Trigeminal  Correct Answer: D  Which diagnostic test uses X-rays to create detailed images of the brain?  A) MRI  B) CT scan  C) PET scan  D) EEG  Correct Answer: B