Types of Bonds PDF

1.5.1 Predict the positive ions (cations) that form as metals lose valence electrons. 1.5.2 Predict the negative ions (anions) that form as nonmetals gain electrons. Electrons experience a force of Key terms...

1.5.1 Predict the positive ions (cations) that form as metals lose valence electrons. 1.5.2 Predict the negative ions (anions) that form as nonmetals gain electrons. Electrons experience a force of Key terms attraction from both nucleus. This negative-positive-negative attraction holds the two particles together. ⚛ Chemical bond: The attractive forces that hold atoms together in molecules or formula units. This attraction is called a chemical bond. A pair of electrons form a bond. [Image]. Retrieved from: http://www.wonderwhizkids.com/index.php/biology/biochemistry/ch emical-bonding  1.5.1 Predict the positive ions (cations) that form as metals lose valence electrons. 1.5.2 Predict the negative ions (anions) that form as nonmetals gain electrons. ⚛ Ion.- An atom or group of atoms that has either lost or gained electrons. [Image]. Retrieved from: http://www.chemicool.com/the-periodic-table.html [Image]. Retrieved from: http://www.wonderwhizkids.com/index.php/biology/biochemistry/ch emical-bonding  1.5.1 Predict that positive ions (cations) are formed when metals lose valence electrons 1.5.2 Predict that negative ions are formed when metals gain electrons Some atoms tend to give up/lose their electrons: METALS (low Electronegativity) Others tend to receive/gain electrons: NONMETALS (high Electronegativity) [Image]. Retrieved from: http://web.sbu.edu/chemistry/wier/atoms/ions.html  1.5.1 Predict that positive ions (cations) are formed when metals lose valence electrons 1.5.2 Predict that negative ions (anions) are formed when metals gain electrons. Types of chemical bonds 1. Ionic bonds – Are the attraction forces between opposite ions. – Involve the transfer of electrons. – 2. Covalent bonds – Involve sharing electrons. [Image]. Retrieved from: http://kitkatyj.deviantart.com/art/The-four-chemical-bonds-395098750  1.5.1 Predict that positive ions (cations) are formed when metals lose valence electrons 1.5.2 Predict that negative ions (anions)are formed when metals gain electrons Attraction force between opposite ions is called IONIC BOND. Ionic bond in NaCl [Imagen] Recuperada el 28de Julio de 2017 de: http://macrotomicro.blogspot.com/2011/02/ionic-bond-in-nacl.html  What is an ion? An ion is a charged atom or molecule. It is changed because the number of electrons do not equal the number of proton in the atom or molecule. An atom can acquire a positive charge or a negative charge depending on whether the number of electrons in an atom is greater or less then the number of protons in the atom. A Recuperado el 14 junio 2022 de: https://i.gifer.com/OFI1.gif  1.5.1 Predict the positive ions (cations) forming as metals lose valence electrons. 1.5.2 Predict the negative ions (anions) forming as non- metals gain electrons. CATION Is an ion that has lost one or more electrons, giving a net positive charge, formed when metals lose valence electrons. Ex: K+, NH4+1 [Image]: Retrieved from: http://www.gcsescience.com/a4-sodium-ion.htm ANION Is an ion that has gain one or more electrons, giving a net negative charge, formed when nonmetals gain electrons. Ex: S-2, SO4-2 [Image]: Retrieved from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/add_aqa/bonding/ioni c_bondingrev3.shtml.51.1 Predict the positive ions (cations) forming as metals lose valence electrons. 1.5.2 Predict the negative ions (anions) forming as non- metals gain electrons. Ions can be: + - a) Monoatomic: a single element with charge. Ex: Na+1, Cl- b) Polyatomic: group of elements (cluster of two or more) having an overall charge. Ex: SO4-2, NH4+1. [Image]. Retrieved from:http://contest.japias.jp/tqj14/140054/egensi.html  1.5.3 Compare and contrast the ionic and covalent bonds Covalent bonds ⚛ Are formed by the sharing of electrons. ⚛ Notice that these atoms DO NOT form ions. The attraction between them is purely by sharing electrons. ⚛ A molecule is formed when [Image]. Retrieved on Sept. 11, 2015 from: two or more atoms bond http://www.gcsescience.com/a30-covalent-bond-w ater-molecule.htm covalently.  1.5.3 Compare and contrast ionic and covalent bonds. Covalent bonds ⚛ Carbon has 4 valence electrons, so it is missing 4 e- to complete an octet. ⚛ Being a nonmetal, C tends to share these 4 electrons. ⚛ On the other hand, hydrogen has only 1 valence electron. It needs another one to be stable. [Image]. Retrieved from: http://blog.vadaenergy.com/?p=554 ⚛ So, C and H can share their electrons. That way they are all stable atoms.  1.5.3 Compare and contrast ionic and covalent bonds Compare ionic and covalent bonds: Ionic bonds Covalent bonds 1. Both of them are types of bonds between elements. 2. Both of them allow the formation of chemical compounds. 3. Both of them want to obtain 8 valence electrons in order to complete their octet rule.  1.5.3 Compare and contrast ionic and covalent bonds Contrasting ionic and covalent compounds. Ionic compounds Covalent compounds Transfer of electrons Sharing electrons Metal + Nonmetal Nonmetal + nonmetal High mp/bp Molecular (low mp/bp) Solid at room T Liquid or gaseous at room T Example: NaCl Example: CO2, Cl2 Conduct electricity. Non conductors of electricity.