Content Review - Communication PDF

Content Review - Communication Describe qualities, behaviors, and communication techniques that affect professional relationships and communication- including SBAR. Differentiate between therapeutic and non-therapeutic communication techniques as well as identify strategies that counteract disru...

Content Review - Communication Describe qualities, behaviors, and communication techniques that affect professional relationships and communication- including SBAR. Differentiate between therapeutic and non-therapeutic communication techniques as well as identify strategies that counteract disruptive professional behaviors. Content Review – Documenting and Reporting Use standard professional guidelines for effective nursing documentation. Identify measures to protect confidential patient information. Describe the purposes of different types of patient health records. Recognize that documentation by the nurse should be complete, accurate, current, and concise because the patient health record is a legal document. Content Review – Asepsis and Infection Control Describe strategies for implementing CDC guidelines for standard and transmission-based precautions. Identify patients most at risk for infection. Compare principles of medical and surgical asepsis and implement techniques. Distinguish between medical and surgical asepsis. Identify and implement strategies to help prevent Health-Care Associated Infections that are responsible for the majority of HAIs in the acute care hospital setting (identified by CDC). Content Review – Safety, Security, and Emergency Preparedness Identify patients most at risk for injury. Identify risks to patient/client safety related to the health care setting. Plan interventions that maximize patient/client safety, including National Patient Safety Goals. Identify alternatives to restraints and patient/client care issues related to use of restraints. Evaluate the effectiveness of safety interventions Content Review - Hygiene Recognize factors affecting personal hygiene- including personal preferences. Assess the adequacy of hygiene practices and self-care behaviors using appropriate interview and physical assessment skills. Demonstrate techniques for assisting patients with hygiene measures, including those used when administering various types of baths and those used in cleaning each part of the body. Content Review – Skin Integrity and Wound Care Identify factors that affect wound healing. Identify patients at risk for pressure ulcer development. Describe the method of staging of pressure ulcers and identify various stages. Accurately assess and document the condition of wounds. Provide nursing interventions to present pressure ulcers. Describe appropriate interventions involved in wound care - dressing changes, cleaning, irrigating, obtaining a wound culture, as well caring for patients who have wound drains. Apply hot and cold therapy effectively and safely Content Review - Activity Utilize principles of body mechanics when appropriate. Use safe patient handling and movement techniques and equipment when positioning, moving, lifting, and ambulating patients. Plan, implement, and evaluate nursing care related to select nursing diagnoses involving mobility problems. Content Review – Informatics and Health Care Technology Describe nursing informatics and its contributions to nursing and quality health care. Describe how telehealth, telemedicine, and telecare are helping people achieve their health goals. What are the advantages of each? Describe how using telehealth, remote monitoring, and mobile care teams, hospital-at-home programs can deliver quality inpatient care in the comfort of one’s home Content Review – Urinary Elimination Identify variables that influence urination. Assess urinary elimination, using appropriate interview questions and physical assessment skills. Perform various assessment techniques- including measuring urinary output and assisting with various diagnostic tests and procedures. Describe methods to promote normal urination; facilitate use of the toilet, bedpan, urinal, and commode; perform catheterizations; and assist with urinary diversions. Describe nursing interventions that can prevent the development of urinary tract infections. Content Review – Bowel Elimination Describe the physiology of bowel elimination. Identify variables that influence bowel elimination. Assess bowel elimination using appropriate interview questions and physical assessment skills. Describe and assist with various skills when caring for patients who have bowel elimination problems. Plan nursing care for a patient who has an ostomy - including psychosocial aspects of having an ostomy. Describe and implement nursing interventions for administering enemas, rectal suppositories, rectal catheters, and performing digital removal of stool. Identify appropriate nursing interventions to use comfort measures to ease defecation. Plan, implement, and evaluate nursing care related to patients who have bowel problems. Content Review - Nutrition Differentiate between types of ordered hospital diets - foods on each type. Identify nursing interventions to safely deliver enteral and parenteral nutrition as well as assisting with feedings for patients who have dysphagia Content Review - Communication ​ Qualities, Behaviors, and Techniques for Professional Communication (including SBAR):​ ○​ Active listening, empathy, and clarity in speech. ○​ Use of open-ended questions and maintaining professionalism. ○​ SBAR (Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation) ensures structured, effective communication in healthcare settings. ○​ Maintain eye contact, proper tone, and body language. ​ Therapeutic vs. Non-Therapeutic Communication:​ ○​ Therapeutic: Active listening, silence, reflection, clarification, validation. ○​ Non-Therapeutic: Giving personal opinions, arguing, false reassurance, defensive responses. ○​ Strategies to counteract disruptive behaviors: Conflict resolution training, promoting teamwork, zero-tolerance policies for incivility. Content Review – Documenting and Reporting ​ Professional Guidelines for Documentation:​ ○​ Use objective, factual, and timely charting. ○​ Follow facility policies, using standard medical terminology. ​ Protecting Confidentiality:​ ○​ Comply with HIPAA regulations. ○​ Secure electronic records, limit access, and avoid discussing patient information in public areas. ​ Types of Health Records:​ ○​ Electronic Health Record (EHR), Problem-Oriented Medical Record (POMR), Source-Oriented Record. ○​ Includes progress notes, flow sheets, and discharge summaries. Content Review – Asepsis and Infection Control ​ CDC Guidelines for Precautions:​ ○​ Standard precautions (hand hygiene, PPE, safe injection practices). ○​ Transmission-based precautions (contact, droplet, airborne isolation techniques). ​ Patients at Risk for Infection:​  ○​ Immunocompromised, elderly, post-operative patients, those with chronic illnesses. ​ Medical vs. Surgical Asepsis:​ ○​ Medical: Clean technique (hand hygiene, PPE use). ○​ Surgical: Sterile technique (sterile field, sterile gloves, surgical hand scrubbing). ​ Preventing HAIs:​ ○​ Proper hand hygiene, aseptic techniques, antimicrobial stewardship, patient education. Content Review – Safety, Security, and Emergency Preparedness ​ Patients at Risk for Injury:​ ○​ Elderly, those with cognitive impairments, mobility limitations, medication side effects. ​ Safety Risks in Healthcare Settings:​ ○​ Falls, medication errors, infections, pressure ulcers, patient identification errors. ​ Patient Safety Interventions:​ ○​ National Patient Safety Goals (e.g., improving patient identification, preventing falls, medication reconciliation). ​ Restraints and Alternatives:​ ○​ Use least restrictive interventions first (bed alarms, diversional activities). ○​ Follow facility policy, conduct frequent monitoring. ​ Evaluating Safety Interventions:​ ○​ Continuous monitoring, incident reporting, and adjusting strategies as needed. Content Review - Hygiene ​ Factors Affecting Hygiene:​ ○​ Culture, personal preference, physical condition, cognitive impairment. ​ Assessing Hygiene Practices:​ ○​ Observation of self-care ability, patient interview, and skin assessment. ​ Hygiene Techniques:​ ○​ Assistance with baths (bed, partial, complete), oral care (dentures, unconscious patient), perineal care, foot care. Content Review – Skin Integrity and Wound Care ​ Factors Affecting Wound Healing:​ ○​ Nutrition, circulation, chronic diseases, infection control, pressure relief. ​ Patients at Risk for Pressure Ulcers:​ ○​ Bedridden, incontinent, malnourished, elderly, those with decreased sensation. ​ Pressure Ulcer Staging:​ ○​ Stage 1: Non-blanchable erythema. ○​ Stage 2: Partial-thickness skin loss. ○​ Stage 3: Full-thickness skin loss. ○​ Stage 4: Deep tissue damage. ​ Wound Documentation & Care:​ ○​ Dressing changes, irrigation, wound cultures, application of heat/cold therapy. Content Review - Activity ​ Principles of Body Mechanics:​ ○​ Maintain a wide base of support, bend at the knees, avoid twisting. ​ Safe Patient Handling:​ ○​ Use of mechanical lifts, proper transfer techniques, gait belts. ​ Care for Mobility Issues:​ ○​ Preventing complications (DVT, pressure ulcers), encouraging mobility within limits. Content Review – Informatics and Health Care Technology ​ Nursing Informatics:​ ○​ Integration of IT in patient care for safety and efficiency (EHRs, decision support systems). ​ Telehealth Benefits:​ ○​ Increased access to care, remote monitoring, early intervention in chronic disease management. ​ Hospital-at-Home Programs:​ ○​ Use of mobile care teams, telemedicine, remote monitoring to deliver inpatient-level care at home. Content Review – Urinary Elimination ​ Factors Influencing Urination:​ ○​ Age, medications, fluid intake, psychological factors, diseases. ​ Assessment Techniques:​ ○​ Urinary output measurement, bladder palpation, urinalysis, diagnostic tests. ​ Urinary Interventions:​ ○​ Promoting normal urination, catheter care, UTI prevention. Content Review – Bowel Elimination ​ Factors Influencing Elimination:​ ○​ Diet, hydration, activity level, medications. ​ Assessment and Interventions:​ ○​ Interviewing about bowel habits, auscultating bowel sounds, providing fiber, hydration, assisting with enemas, ostomy care. Content Review - Nutrition ​ Types of Diets:​ ○​ Clear liquid, full liquid, soft, mechanical soft, pureed, low sodium, diabetic, renal. ​ Enteral/Parenteral Nutrition:​ ○​ Proper tube placement, preventing aspiration, monitoring for complications. ​ Feeding Assistance for Dysphagia:​ ○​ Upright positioning, thickened liquids, swallowing techniques.