Constitutional Design Class 9 PDF

th Class 9 Social Science Civics |Constitutional Design Crafted with love By Digraj Singh Rajput  Civics|Federalism...

th Class 9 Social Science Civics |Constitutional Design Crafted with love By Digraj Singh Rajput  Civics|Federalism Civics |Constitutional Design Constitutional Design Democratic constitution in South Africa Struggle Against Apartheid/Towards New Constitution Why do we need a constitution? Defines power,creates trust, protects citizens' rights. The path to Constitution/The Constituent Making of the Indian constitution Assembly Philosophy Guiding values of the Indian constitution Makers and Leaders views/Preamble  Civics |Constitutional Design CONSTITUTION Certain basic rules that the citizens and the government have to follow. (Rights of citizens, Powers of the government, How the government should function) Why do we need a constitution? DEMOCRATIC CONSTITUTION IN SOUTH AFRICA Nelson Mandela In 1964, got life sentence for fighting apartheid and spent 27 years in Robben Island prison. Struggle Against Apartheid Towards New Constitution Apartheid was a system of racial The government ended apartheid, freed Mandela, discrimination based on segregation in and removed racist laws. South Africa In 1994, South Africa became a democratic nation. where non-whites faced discrimination and were denied rights. South Africa created a new constitution ensuring The ANC protested, but the government equal rights for all. used violence to suppress them. Does the story of South African struggle for freedom similar to the Indian national movement?  Civics |Constitutional Design WHY DO WE NEED A CONSTITUTION? A constitution helps different groups live together, like in South Africa. (Trust generation) It outlines how the government works, limits its power and protects citizens' rights. A constitution defines limits on the power of Govt and tell the rights of the citizens. It expresses the aspirations of the people. All democracies have a constitution, but not all countries with a constitution are democratic. MAKING OF THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION At the time of independence, India faced several challenges Partition violence, Religious divisions, Uncertainty in merging princely states The path to Constitution The Constituent Assembly Constitution→ based on ideas of freedom Group of elected representatives → Constituent Assembly. struggle(equality/ minority rights.) Groundwork for the Constitution.→ Motilal Nehru Elected in 1946→ 299 members→ separate assemblies for report,Karachi resolution. India & Pakistan after Partition. British political experience,1937 elections→ shape India's democratic system. Constitution→ Adopted on 26 Nov 1949 and came into Adapoted ideas→ French Revolution, British effect on 26 January 1950, celebrated as Republic Day. democracy,US Bill of Rights to fit India's needs.  Civics |Constitutional Design Why should we accept the Constitution made by Constituent Assembly ? Reflecting diverse views, widely accepted and has been respected for over 70 years. The Assembly represented India's diversity(different regions, languages, castes, classes, religions, and political opinions) ensuring all needs were considered. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar and the Assembly carefully drafted the Constitution with debates and 2,000 amendments. GUIDING VALUES OF THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION Philosophy of what our Constitution is all about The Dream and the Promise → Makers and Leaders views Philosophy of the Constitution → Preamble Institutional design The Indian Constitution reflects values and adapts to changes. It sets governance rules, divides power, and protects rights. Amendments keep the Constitution relevant to people’s needs.  Key Words Civics |Constitutional Design African National Congress (ANC) : The ANC was a group Constitution: A constitution is a set of important rules that that fought against apartheid in South Africa. It started tell how a country or government works. It explains how in the 1950s and included black people, colored people, leaders are chosen, what they can do, and what rights Indians, and even some white people who didn’t agree people have. It's like the rulebook for how a country runs. with apartheid. They protested and went on strikes to try to change the unfair rules. Nelson Mandela : He was a nationalist leader of South Africa, who fought against racial discrimination. He worked hard to end the unfair treatment of black people, who were Republic: A republic is a type of government where the not allowed to have the same rights as white people. people choose their leaders, instead of having a king or queen. In a republic, leaders are elected to represent Segregation: All the public places like trains, buses, schools, the people and make decisions for the country. hospitals, beaches etc. were separate for the whites and Constituent Assembly : The Constituent Assembly was a blacks. Even the churches were separate. Black people group of elected representatives who came together to couldn’t live in areas where white people lived. This is called create the Constitution of India. They worked to draft Segregation. the rules and laws that would govern the country. Apartheid : It was a policy of racial discrimination under which all people were classified and separated on the basis Preamble: The Preamble is the introduction to the of race. Many restrictions were imposed on the Blacks, who Indian Constitution. It explains the main ideas and formed more than 80% of the population. important values on which the Constitution is based, like justice, equality, and freedom.  Key Words Civics |Constitutional Design We the People of India:The Constitution was created Republic :The head of the state is elected, not chosen by the people of India through their representatives, by birth (not hereditary). not by a king or outside powers. Sovereign: The people of India have the supreme right Justice: Citizens are treated equally, without to make decisions on all matters, both inside and discrimination based on caste, religion, or gender, outside the country, without any external and the government works for the welfare of all, interference. especially the disadvantaged. Socialist: Wealth should be shared fairly, and the government should reduce inequalities by controlling Liberty: Citizens can think freely, express their land and industries. thoughts, and act without unnecessary restrictions. Secular: People have the freedom to follow any Equality: All people are equal before the law, and religion, but the government has no official religion everyone should have equal opportunities, with the and treats all religions equally. government working to end social inequalities. Democratic: In a democracy, people have equal rights, Fraternity: All citizens should treat each other as can choose their leaders, and hold them responsible equals, with respect, and not treat anyone as inferior. for their actions.  Civics |Constitutional Design Explain what is Apartheid system and what were its implications? Apartheid was a system of racial discrimination in South Africa, where white people treated non-white people as less important. Implications: White Europeans created and controlled this system. Non-white people were treated unfairly and could not vote. They were not allowed to live in areas where white people lived and could only work there if they had permission. Public places like buses, trains, hospitals, schools, cinemas, and even toilets were separate for white and black people.  Civics |Constitutional Design What problems existed in the making of the South African constitution? What compromises were made? The making of the South African constitution faced problems because both the black majority and the white minority had different concerns. The black majority wanted a constitution that followed the rule of majority and ensured equal rights for all, including social and economic rights. The white minority was worried about losing their privileges and property. In the end, both sides made compromises. The white minority agreed to the principle of majority rule and one person, one vote, which allowed everyone to have an equal say in the government.  Civics |Constitutional Design What is Constitution and why do we need a Constitution? Explain. The Constitution of a country is a set of rules that everyone in the country agrees to follow. It is the highest law that explains how the people (citizens) and the government should interact. Importance: Specifications: It explains how the government is set up and who makes which decisions. Trust and Coordination: It helps different groups of people live together peacefully by building trust. Rights and Duties: It tells the government what it can and cannot do and what rights citizens have. Good Society: It shows the people’s goals for creating a fair and good society.  Civics |Constitutional Design How was the Indian Constitution made? During the fight for independence, people already agreed on basic ideas for a democratic India, which helped make the Constitution. In 1928 and 1931, Indian leaders made early drafts that included important rights like freedom and equality. Even though British rule wasn’t fully democratic, it gave Indians experience with government systems, which helped in creating their own. Indian leaders looked at ideas from countries like France and the U.S. but made sure to adapt them for India. Leaders didn’t just copy other countries; they thought carefully about what would work best for India.  Civics |Constitutional Design What was the Constituent Assembly and how did it help in making the Indian Constitution? The Constituent Assembly was a group of elected representatives who were responsible for making the Indian Constitution. It was formed after elections in July 1946, with its first meeting in December 1946. After India was divided into India and Pakistan, the Assembly split into two parts: one for India and one for Pakistan. The Indian Constituent Assembly had 299 members who worked together to write the Constitution. The Constitution was adopted on November 26, 1949, and came into effect on January 26, 1950, which is celebrated as Republic Day.  Civics |Constitutional Design Why should India accept the Constitution made by the Constituent Assembly? Broad Agreement: The Constitution was made with the agreement of many people, not just a few. Represents Everyone: The Assembly had members from all parts of India, with different languages, religions, and backgrounds. Strong Support: No large group has ever fully rejected the Constitution, showing that most people accept it. Careful Work: The Assembly worked carefully, discussing every detail of the Constitution. Well-Recorded: All discussions and decisions were recorded, helping us understand why the Constitution was made the way it was.  Civics |Constitutional Design What are the guiding values of the Indian Constitution? Inspired by Leaders: The Constitution was inspired by leaders like Mahatma Gandhi, Dr. Ambedkar, and Jawaharlal Nehru, who wanted equality and justice for all. Preamble Importance: The guiding values are explained in the Preamble, which is the introduction of the Constitution. Democratic Values: The Constitution focuses on values like equality, freedom, and justice. Measuring Laws: The Preamble helps us check if laws or actions of the government are fair and right. The Soul of the Constitution: The Preamble is considered the "soul" because it explains the main ideas behind the Constitution.  Civics |Constitutional Design What is the institutional design of the Indian Constitution? The Constitution is not only about values but also about how to make those values work in real life. The Indian Constitution is long and detailed, explaining how the government should function. The Constitution can be changed through amendments to stay updated with changes in society. It explains how leaders are chosen, who has the power to make decisions, and what rights citizens have. The Constitution shows how the government works in a democracy by setting rules and limits for both the leaders and the people.  Civics |Constitutional Design Why do we need a Constitution and what do Constitution do? Explain? What is meant by the Apartheid? How did the people of South Africa struggle against it? State the steps involved in the framing of Indian Constitution. Why should we accept the Constitution made by the Constituent Assembly more than 60 years ago? Describe the main features of Preamble of the Indian Constitution. Why did the Constitution-framers make provisions for amendments in the Indian Constitution? Describe main features of Indian Constitution. What problems existed in the making of the South African constitution? What compromises were made?