Connective Tissue PDF

Connective Tissue proper Dr: Nahla Sarhan Assis. Professor of Medical histology & cell biology Faculty of medicine Mansoura University  C.T. C.T. supports & connects various tissues and organs Fibers cells matrix...

Connective Tissue proper Dr: Nahla Sarhan Assis. Professor of Medical histology & cell biology Faculty of medicine Mansoura University  C.T. C.T. supports & connects various tissues and organs Fibers cells matrix According to nature of matrix C.T proper cartilage Bone Blood Soft Rubbery Hard Fluid  C.T. proper C.T. proper  type of C.T. with soft matrix 1-Fibers 2- Cells 3-matrix  Fibers Characters:  White in fresh state  Strong & resist stretch  Wavy bundles that branch  Boiling gelatin  Digested by pepsin & collagenase  Fibers LM: Hx&E: acidophilic Mallory trichrome stain: blue Van Gieson’s: red Types & Sites: I: bone & white fibrocartilage II: hyaline & yellow elastic fibrocartilage III: reticular fibers  Fibers Characters: Yellow in fresh state elastic Thin, long Branch & may form elastic membranes e.g: wall of aorta Resist boiling Digested by elastase enzyme LM: Hx&E: acidophilic Van Gieson’s: yellow Ver-Hoeff’s stain: black Sites: wall of arteries, trachea & ligaments between vertebrae  Fibers C-Reticular Fs  Characters: Very thin fs Branch & anastomose network LM: Hx&E: not stained Silver: black Sites: stroma of organs ( liver, spleen & lymph nodes)  Matrix Matrix 1-Organic 3-tissue fluid amorphous component 1-proteins 60-70% water 2-glycoproteins (proteins + monosaccharides) 1- Proteoglycans (gags): (proteins + disaccharides)  Cells C.T cells branched Rounded or cells oval cells 1- UDM 1- Fat cells 2- Fibroblasts 2- Mast cs 3- Macrophages 3- plasma cs 4- Pigment cs 4- Blood leucocytes  Branched cells 1- Undifferentiated Mesenchymal cells  Mother cell of all CT cells  Shape: branched  Nucleus: oval & large  Cytoplasm: basophilic  Branched cells 2- Fibroblasts origin: UMCs pericytes fibroblasts  L/M: Site: numerous in loose CT Shape: branched spindle shaped Nucleus: vesicular , oval , eccentric Cytoplasm: basophilic with –ve Golgi image  functions: 1- Synthesis of all types of C.T fibers and matrix 2- growth of CT & healing of wounds  Branched cells 3- Macrophages  origin: Blood monocytes  L/M: Shape: Large branched cell with processes (pseudopodia) Nucleus: oval or kidney shaped Cytoplasm: not clear Stain: Vital stain (trypan blue)  Branched cells  Functions: 1- phagocytosis of foreign bodies (bacteria, viruses) 3- secretes collagenase & elastase enzymes 4- may fuse together forming multinuclear giant cells  Branched cells 4- pigment cells  Melanin containing C,T, cells found in skin & eye  Oval cells 1- Fat (Adipose) cells Unilocular Multilocular cells cells  Oval cells Unilocular Fat cells  L/M: Site: adipose C.T Shape: Oval Nuclues: flat peripheral Cytoplasm: large fat globule push nucleus to one side Stains: H &E: Fat dissolve leaving empty space (signet ring) Sudan III: orange Sudan black: black Osmic acid: black  Functions: 1-Storage of fat 2-Heat insulation  Adipose cells Hx& E Sudan III  Multilocular Fat cells L/M Size: smaller than unilocular Nucleus: rounded central Cytoplasm: numerous small fat droplets Numerous mitochondria Function: Heat production  Oval cells 2- Mast cells L/M: Site: Mucosa of GIT & RT Shape: oval Nucleus: rounded & central Cytoplasm: large basophilic granules Nature of granules: 1- sulphated glycosaminoglycans (heparin) 2-protein (histamine)  Free cells Stain: Metachromatic: toludine blue: purple (sulphated GAGs Function: during allergy 1- secretion of heparin (anticoagulant) 2- secretion of histamine  Oval cells 3- plasma cells Origin: B lymphocyte Plasmablasts Plasma cells L/M: Site: Lymphatic organs Shape: oval Nucleus: rounded & eccentric, cart wheel Cytoplasm: deep basophilic with –ve Golgi image Function: Secretion of antibodies (Humoral immunity)  Oval cells 4- blood leucocytes Eosinophils: In allergy Neutrophils: acute infection Monocytes & lymphocytes: in chronic infection  Types of CT Types of C.T proper 1-loose(ordinary)CT 2-White fibrous CT 3-Yellow elastic CT 4- Adipose CT 5-Mucoid CT 6-Reticular CT  Types of CT 1- loose (Ordinary) CT Site: Widely distributed (around blood vessels & submucosa of GIT) Fibers: collagenous & elastic Cells: all types (fibroblasts, fat cells , macrophages) Matrix: rich in hyaluronic acid  Types of CT 2- white fibrous CT Regular type irregular type Site: Tendons, cornea Sclera, capsule of organs Fibers: Parallel collagenous bundles Irregular bundles Cells: fibroblasts in between fibroblasts in between Stain: Mallory trichrome stain: blue Van Gieson’s: red  Types of CT 3- Yellow elastic CT Site: Wall of arteries, trachea, ligaments of back Fibers: Elastic fs & Cells: fibroblasts Stains: Van Gieson’s: yellow VerHoeff’s stain: black  Types of CT 4- Adipose CT White Brown Site: SC tissue, perinephric fat Newborns, adult (mediastinum, between 2 scapulae) Structure: Lobules of unilocular Lobules of multilocular fat cs fat cs more Bl supply: less capillaries rapid heat production Function: Storage of fat heat insulation  Types of CT 5- Mucoid CT Site: umblical cord Pulp of teeth Structure: young fibroblasts soft matrix rich in mucin  Types of CT 6- reticular CT Site: Stroma of liver, spleen & lymph node Structure: Reticular fs + reticular cs form network