Connective Tissue Part 2.1 PDF

CONNECTIVE TISSUE Part 2 | Blood Histology course for Veterinary Medicine students DVM, Lect. Arnoldas Pautienius  Blood Blood is a fluid connective tissue that circulates through the cardiovascular system. It consists of protein-ri...

CONNECTIVE TISSUE Part 2 | Blood Histology course for Veterinary Medicine students DVM, Lect. Arnoldas Pautienius  Blood Blood is a fluid connective tissue that circulates through the cardiovascular system. It consists of protein-rich liquid extracellular matrix called plasma and formed elements (white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets).  Plasma Plasma proteins consist primarily of albumin (responsible for colloid osmotic pressure), globulins (include immunoglobulins and nonimmune globulins), and fibrinogen (involved in blood clotting). Serum is blood plasma from which clotting factors have been removed.  Erythrocytes (Red blood cells) Erythrocytes are anucleate, biconcave discs that are packed with hemoglobin and are designed to withstand shear forces experienced during circulation. Their normal life span is about 120 days. Hemoglobin is a specialized protein that consists of four chains of globins with iron containing heme groups for binding, transporting, and releasing O2 and C02.  Erythrocytes (Red blood cells) Mature erythrocytes of the chicken are very different from those of domestic mammals. They are large, elongated, at cells with an oval nucleus. Their size varies with the breed and the sex of the bird.  Erythrocytes (Red blood cells) Canine: Cells are large (7 μm),uniform in size Equine: Erythrocyte have rouleaux Avian, Amphibian, Fish: Erythrocytes and have central pallor (biconcave disc). formation. Average diameter 5.7 μm, are large, elongated, flat cells with an uniform in size no central oval nucleus. pallor.  Leukocytes (White blood cells) Leukocytes are subclassified into two groups based on the presence or absence of specific granules in the cytoplasm: granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils) or agranulocytes (lymphocytes, monocytes).  Granulocytes Neutrophils (47% to 67% of all leukocytes) have polymorphic, multilobed nuclei. Their specific granules contain various enzymes, complement activators, and antimicrobial peptides (i.e., lysozymes, lactoferrins) for destroying microorganisms at sites of inflammation. Pus – yellow-white exudate formed at the site of infection. It consist of protein based fluid and dead neutrophils Pus  Granulocytes Eosinophils (1% to 4% ofall leukocytes) have bilobed nuclei and eosinophilic-specific granules containing proteins that are cytotoxic to protozoans and helminthic parasites. Eosinophils are associated with allergic reactions, parasitic infections, and chronic inflammation. Parasite coated by eosinophils  Granulocytes Basophils (