Concrete Restoration PDF

®® Concrete Restorations The degradation of concrete  ®® Degradation of concrete why?  ®® Causes of degradation  Chemical  Physical  Mechanical  Bad quality of concrete  ®® Ch...

®® Concrete Restorations The degradation of concrete  ®® Degradation of concrete why?  ®® Causes of degradation  Chemical  Physical  Mechanical  Bad quality of concrete  ®® Chemical causes  Carbonation  Aggression by the chlorine ions (CaCl2)  Aggression by sulphate salts  Alkali (Na and K) - aggregate  Aggression by acid substances  ®® Chemical Humidity products Degradatio n of concrete Bad quality of concrete  ®® Physical causes  Freeze - thaw  Shrinkage  High temperature  ®® Mechanical causes  Abrasion  Impact  Erosion  Cavitation  ®® Bad quality of concrete  Wrong concrete composition  Workability of concrete  Wrong curing time  ®® Carbonatation  What does carbonation mean?  How is it possible to verify?  What kind of problems causes to the concrete?  ®® What does carbonatation mean?  It’sa chemical reaction between lime (developed during the hydration of the cement) and carbonic dioxide present in the air  This reaction forms calcium carbonate to be continued...  ®®  CO + H2O H2CO3 2 H 2CO3 H+ + HCO3-  Ca(OH) + H+ + HCO3- 2 Lime CaCO3 + 2H2O Calcium carbonate to be continued...  ®® After this reaction pH of concrete (12,5-13) Reduction ( 9)  2Fe + 3/2O + 3H O 2 2 Corrosion Fe2O3 + 3H2O  ®® Thickness of carbonatation  It’s measured by a colorimeter system using phenolphthalein diluted with ethyl alcohol  If the concrete don’t change colour, means it’s affected from the carbonatation phenomen to be continued...  ®®  Ifthe concrete become red, means it wasn’t penetrated from the carbonic dioxide  ®® PHENOLPHTALEIN: PHENOLPHTALEIN:IT ITALLOWS ALLOWSTO TOMEASURE MEASURETHE THETHICKNESS THICKNESS OF OFTHE THECARBONATED CARBONATEDCONCRETE CONCRETE  ®® Damages due to the carbonatation  Oxidation of the roads due to the pH reduction from 13.5 -12.5 down to 9  The damage affects only the cover  ®® EFFECTS EFFECTSOF OFpH pHVALUES VALUESON ONTHE THECORROSION CORROSIONOF OF REINFORCING REINFORCINGRODS RODS ®®  ®® Aggression by sulphate salts  What are the causes?  What are the formed compounds?  What are the effects?  How to verify?  ®® What are the causes?  The sulphate salts are into the ground, in the see water and into the concrete row materials  With a moisture presence they react with a cement paste. The results are two swelling composites to be continued...  ®®  Thischemical reaction causes disruptive and disintegrating effects on the concrete  ®® What are the names of the composites?  Ettringite  Thaumasite  ®® How is Ettringite been formed?  The sulphate ion reacts with lime and form gypsum  Gypsum reacts with the C A of the 3 cement developing Ettringite that causes a big expansion and cracks on the concrete to be continued...  ®®  Ca(OH) + SO4 CaSO4 + 2 2HLime 2O Sulphate Gypsum Hydrated  CaSOand aluminized +C A + H calcium O 4 3 2 Ettringite  3CaO x Al2O3 x 3CaSO4 x 32H2O  ®® How is Thaumasite been formed?  The Thaumasite formation requires particular environmental conditions: cold and humid climate (T = 05°C, R.H. >95%)  The gypsum is formed by chemical reaction between lime and sulphate to be continued...  ®®  Gypsum react with the CaSiO3 of the cement and calcium dioxide and forms Thaumasite  This reaction has a disintegrating effects on the concrete to be continued...  ®®  Ca(OH) + SO4 CaSO4 + 2 2HLime 2O Sulphate Gypsum Calcium  CaSO silicate+hydrate + CaSiO HO+ CO2 4 3 2 Thaumasite  CaCO x CaSO4 x CaSiO3 x 15H2O 3 Great volume - failure and spalling of  ®® How is the sulphate attack estimated?  The ray X diffraction is the most suitable analytic system  ®® XXRAY RAYDIFRACTOMETER: DIFRACTOMETER:IT ITIS ISUSED USEDTO TOEVALUATE EVALUATE THE FORMATION OF ETTRINGITE THE FORMATION OF ETTRINGITE  ®® Aggression by the chlorite ions  There are two kinds of chlorine salts used during the winter as a de-icing salts  Sodium chloride  Calcium chloride  They have a different aggression against the concrete  ®® CONCRETE CONCRETEDETERIORATION DETERIORATIONBECAUSE BECAUSEOF OFTHE THE DEICEING SALTS DEICEING SALTS  ®® CONCRETE CONCRETEDETERIORATION DETERIORATION BECAUSE BECAUSEOF OFTHE THEDEICEING DEICEINGSALTS SALTS ®®  ®® Sodium chloride  It can cause the corrosion of the roads  It can cause a alkali - aggregate reaction only if they are reactive to be continued...  ®®  Fe++ + H+ + OH- + Cl- Fe(OH)2 + HCl Electro-chemical corrosion  The final products are: - Fe2O3 + 3H2O Ferric oxyde - FeCl3 Ferric chloride Corrosion pitting  ®® Sodium chloride (NaCl) attack  We can have an alkali aggregates reaction if the aggregates contain amorphous silicates (such as opal, chalcedony, etc.)  Sodium or potassium silicate based gel  Great volume  Expansion - failure (pop outs - spalling)  ®® Calcium chloride  It causes a corrosion of the roads  It ever react with a cement paste creating a dangerous composite: oxychloride to be continued...  ®®  Cls + CaCl2 + H2O (T = 0  5°C) 3CaO x CaCl2 x 15H2O Calcium oxychloride Great volume - failure and spalling of concrete  Fe O 2 3 Corrosion - pitting  ®® How is the chloride attack estimated?  It’s measured by a colorimeter system using silver nitrate and fluorescein - If the concrete tend to be pink means: penetration of chloride - If the concrete become black means: absence of chloride  ®® FLUORESCEIN FLUORESCEIN++SILVER SILVERNITRATE: NITRATE:THEY THEYALLOW ALLOWTO TO MEASURE THE DEPTH OF PENETRATION OF CHLORIDES MEASURE THE DEPTH OF PENETRATION OF CHLORIDES  ®® Alkali-aggregate reaction  Reaction of the alkali (sodium and potassium) of the cement with various form of amorphous silica present on some aggregate  This reaction causes stress on the concrete and expansion and cracks on the concrete  ®® Freeze - than cycles  When the water is transformed from liquid to solid increase 9% his volume it causes stress, cracks and detachments  The only solution is 4-6% of air in inside of the concrete (depend of the maximum diameter of the aggregate) ®®  ®® Shrinkage  The shrinkage causes a traction stress  When the traction stress is higher than the traction resistance of concrete appear cracks  ®® High temperatures  The cover has to protect the metallic reinforcement and it has to avoid that their maximum temperature can exceed, only in one point, 500°C  The concrete can resist, without damage, at the maximum temperature of 500°C  ®® Abrasion  The abrasion is the removal of the concrete due to the superficial abrasion of other harder powder  Low w/c improves the concrete abrasion resistance  ®® Erosion  The erosion is the abrasion due to the water movement  It depends from the water speed and from the quality of the concrete  ®® Cavitation  It happens in the channels when the speed of water is higher than 12 m/sec and the channel surfaces are irregular  The variations of pressure causes the detachments from the concrete surface  ®® Bad quality of concrete  Water / cement ratio  Gravel / cement ratio  Kind of cement  Aggregate quality  Admixture quality  ®® Water / cement ratio  The w/c must be the lowest that is possible  The hardened concrete proprieties are strictly depending from the w/c  ®® Gravel / cement ratio  The cement is an adhesive for the aggregate. It has to bond the granules of the gravel each other  Bigger amount of cement give a bigger shrinkage  It’s wrong to think that bigger amount of cement means better quality of the concrete  ®® DETERIORATION DETERIORATIONBECAUSE BECAUSEOF OF CONCRETE CONCRETESEGREGATION SEGREGATION  ®® What kind of cement?  Thechoose of the cement depend from the kind of construction (for ex. a dam is required with a low heat of hydration) and from the exposure class  ®® Quality of the aggregate  They must be cleaned and they mustn’t have any substances that can modify the setting time of the cement  They mustn’t have reactive amorphous silica  They must be frost resistant  They must have a good gradation  ®® Quality of the admixtures  The choose of the admixtures depend on the final characteristics of the concrete  The admixtures to be used on the reinforced concrete must be free from chloride  ®® Conclusions  Inorder to warranty the concrete and reinforcement durability is necessary: - to reduce the w/c ratio - to use the correct type of cement - to foresee a correct thickness of the cover - to carry out a humid curing time  ®® Approach to concrete restoration  To determine the causes of the degradation and its depth  To identify the best application procedure  To identify the best procedure for preparing the substrate  ®® Determining the causes of the deterioration of the concrete is necessary for:  Being able to choose the correct materials for the restoration in order avoid that the problem occurs again  Being sure that all the degraded concrete is removed during the preparation of the substrate  ®® Substrate preparation  By manual demolition  With mechanical tools - By sandblasting or by hydrosandblasting - By hydroscarification - By milling ®® ®® ®® ®®  ®® HYDROSCARIFICATION HYDROSCARIFICATION  ®® HYDROSCARIFICATION HYDROSCARIFICATION  ®® Reinforcement bars protection The anticorrosive action is realised through: - Impermeability to water, carbonic dioxide, etc. - Presence of corrosion inhibitors which protect the metal surface prom oxidation  ®® - High level of alkalinity - Very good adhesion to metal  ®® AGGRESSION AGGRESSIONAND ANDPENETRATION PENETRATIONOF OFCHEMICAL CHEMICAL AGENTS AGENTSINTO INTODEGRADED DEGRADEDCONCRETE CONCRETE  ®® FORMATION FORMATIONOF OFRUST RUSTON ONREINFORCING REINFORCINGRODS RODSAND AND DETACHMENT DETACHMENTOF OFTHE THECARBONATED CARBONATEDCONCRETE CONCRETE  ®® CLEANING CLEANINGOF OFREINFORCING REINFORCINGRODS RODS  ®® PROTECTION PROTECTIONOF OFREINFORCING REINFORCINGROD RODWITH WITHMAPEFER MAPEFER ANTI-TRUST ANTI-TRUSTMORTAR MORTAR ®®  ®® Properties of restoration mortars  Very good adhesion to the substrate  Mechanical compatibility with the existing concrete  Controlled shrinkage  Waterproof and chemical resistance to the aggressive action of carbon dioxide, chlorides and sulphates ®®  ®® RECONSTRUCTION RECONSTRUCTIONOFOFCONCRETE CONCRETEWITH WITHMAPEGROUT MAPEGROUT FIBRE-REINFORCED FIBRE-REINFORCEDMORTAR MORTAR  ®® The characteristics depend on the composition of the material  ®® What is the composition of the materials used for the concrete restoration?  ®® General composition  Cement  Microsilicates  Syntheticfibres  Expansive admixtures  Admixtures of other types  Aggregates  ®® Microsilicates what is their function?  Pozzolanic property  Fillerizing property  Rheological property  Improvement of the hardened concrete quality  ®® Synthetic fibres what is their function?  Influence on the plastic shrinkage  Influence on bleeding  Influence on segregation  ®® What are the expansive admixtures used for?  Forcontrasting two types of shrinkage: 1. Plastic shrinkage 2. Hygrometric shrinkage  ®® Plastic shrinkage  It begin during the casting and continues until the setting ends  It’s caused by the exsiccation of the mortar  ®® What does the plastic shrinkage cause?  Cracks that appear on the first day after the cast because of water evaporation  ®® Hygrometric shrinkage  When does it happen?  From the demoulding and/or from the mortar hardening and continues for all the structure life  ®® What does the hygrometric shrikage cause?  Cracks that happen in the time because of the slow water evaporation  The hygrometric shrinkage becomes smaller, reducing the mixing water and the cement content and increasing the aggregates  ®® How can the plastic shrinkage be reduced?  Limitingthe evaporation  Reinforcing the cementitious matrix with synthetic fibres  Adding expansive agents in plastic phase to the mortar  ®® How is the hygrometric shrinkage be reduced?  Reducing the water/cement ratio  Reducing the cement content  Increasing the quantity of aggregates  Adding expansing agents which work in the hardening phase  ®® How do the expansive admixtures work in the hardening phase?  Theyincrease their volume in wet environments, because of the formation of hydrated compounds, such as CaO + H2O = Ca(OH)2  ®® Control of the restrained expansion according to UNI 8147 - ASTM C 806  Dimensions of the test pieces: 50 x 50 x 250 mm  ®® Mortars for concrete reparation  MAPEGROUT T40  MAPEGROUT T60  MAPEGROUT FAST SET  MAPEGROUT THIXOTROPIC  MAPEGROUT BM  MAPEGROUT HI-FLOW  ®® Common characteristics  Preblended mortars with controlled shrinkage and reinforced with polypropylene fibres  Pozzolanic effect  Thixotropic  Application by hand or by render machine  ®® Differencies  Mechanical strength  Modulus of elasticity  Setting time  Kind of applications  Consistency  ®® MAPEGROUT T40  Suitable for medium quality concrete substrate  Suitable for substrate not particularly subject to repeated dynamic stress (ex. Vibrations)  Compressive strength (28 days): 40 MPa  Modulus of elasticity (28 days): 25.000 MPa  ®® MAPEGROUT T60  Suitable for medium high quality concrete  High chemical resistance to the sulphates attack  Thixotropic consistency  Compressive strength (28 days): 60 MPa  Modulus of elasticity (28 days): 27.000 MPa  ®® MAPEGROUT FAST SET  Fast cortical restoration of reinforced concrete elements  To be used for small reparations at low temperatures  Compressive strength (28 days): 50 MPa  Flexural strength (28 days): 9,1 MPa  ®® MAPEGROUT THIXOTROPIC  Suitable for medium-high quality concrete substrates  Thixotropic consistency  Compressive strength (28 days): > 70 MPa  Modulus of elasticity (28 days): 27.000 MPa  ®® MAPEGROUT HIGH FLOW  Suitable for medium-high quality concrete  Fluid-superfluid consistency  Pourable into formworks (also with addition of 30-50% 5-8 mm gravel) to be continued...  ®®  Compressive strength (28 days): > 60 MPa  Modulus of elasticity (28 days): 27.000 MPa  ®® MAPEGROUT BM  Suitable for medium-low quality of concrete  Suitable for structures subject to repeated dynamic stress (for ex. vibrations)  Freeze - Thaw resistance > 300 cycles  Compressive strength (28 days): > 55 MPa to be continued...  ®®  Modulus of elasticity (28 days): 23.000 MPa  Flexural strength (28 days): 11 MPa  ®® Example of restoration ®®  ®® MAPEFER MAPEFERAPPLICATION APPLICATIONBY BYBRUSH BRUSH  ®® MAPEFER MAPEFERAPPLICATION APPLICATIONBY BYBRUSH BRUSH  ®® FORMWORKS FORMWORKSINSTALLATION INSTALLATION  ®® RESTORED RESTOREDPILLAR PILLAR ®® ®®  ®® Example of restoration ®® ®® ®® ®® ®® ®®  ®® Example of restoration ®® ®® ®® ®® ®® ®®  ®® Example of restoration ®® ®® ®® ®® ®®  ®® REPAIR OF CRACKS  ®® The choice of the intervention methods and of the products depends on some factors that have necessarily to be fixed  ®® Evaluation of the cracking situation and of its causes  It’s necessary to know the cause of the cracks, in order to decide the restoration type  It’s extremely important to know if this phenomenon has to be ascribed to the subsoil or to static problems or to the concrete composition to be continued...  ®®  It’s important to know if the cracks are subject to movements or not  ®® Intervention methods  Cracks sealing by injection of epoxy resins  Elastic protective coverings  ®® Before deciding which material has to be used it’s necessary to ask oneself the following:  Dothe the cracks show a constant width or do they change depending on the change of particular conditions?  ®® If the cracks show a constant width, they can be repaired with definite EPOXY RESINS, because of their properties “Structural adhesives”  ®® Cracks sealing by injection of epoxy resins  ®® The main characteristic of the EPOXY RESINS for injection is the LOW VISCOSITY  ®® The smaller are the cracks the lower has to be THE VISCOSITY  ®® Characteristics after hardening  Monolithicadhesion to the substrate  No shrinkage, practically speaking  Resistance to ageing  Mechanical resistance to be continued...  ®®  Chemical resistance  Resistance to the atmospheric agents  Impermeability  Abrasion resistance  ®® Beginning of the INJECTIONS in the cracks: 1. Preparations works 2. Cracks grouting and tubes laying before injecting 3. Injection  ®® 1. Preparation works  ®® How has the material to be injected ?  Through nozzles placed on the surface along the crack  With syringes, which have been fixed by drillings carried out near the crack  By direct drilling of the crack  ®® Operative details Concrete Crack  ®® Transversal holes placed near the crack Crack Holes Concrete  ®® Direct drilling of the crack Crack Concrete Holes  ®® Boring and cleaning Concrete Crack Hole  ®® 2. Cracks grouting and tubes laying before injecting  ®® What is used?  Fast setting cements  Thixotropic epoxy resins (ADESILEX PG1)  Elastic mastics can’t be used, because they don’t resist to pressure  ®® Positioning of the injector Concrete Injector Crack Rubber tube ADESILEX PG1  ®® 3. Injection  ®® Injection types - equipments list  Low pressure injections (usually from 0 to 10 bar and,for particular cases, up to 30 bar):  They are used as membrane pumps or pressure vessels. A and B components have long reaction times to be continued...  ®® The material that isn’t injected can’t be used any more to be continued...  ®®  High pressure injections (up to 250 bar):  Cylindrical piston pumps are used. They allow to keep the pressure constant in the area to be injected to be continued...  ®® This method is used less because of the difficulty in operating with such pressures to be continued...  ®®  Extreme pressures injections (up to 1000 bar):  They are used only in extreme cases, when minimum quantities of resin have to be injected through microcracks. Resins different from the epoxy ones are generally preferred to be continued...  ®®  “Vacuum” injections:  They are carried out very seldom, because it’s difficult to put the elements of a structure in vacuum conditions. The method has been used successfully for some microcracked precast elements  ®® MAPEI’s proposal  Use of epoxy resins with different reactivity and viscosity  The injection has generally to be carried out at a low pressure because, in this way, it’s simple to manage the intervention and to find the equipments and because it’s economic  ®® Products list  EPOJET - very fluid pure epoxy resin  EPORIP - fluid charged epoxy resin  ®® Characteristics of EPOJET  Viscosity: 380 cPs at +20°C  Workability time: 40’ at +23°C 20’ at +30°C  Application temperature: from +5°C to +30°C to be continued...  ®®  Tensile strength: 50 MPa  Compressive strength: 100 MPa  Elastic modulus: 4000 MPa  Tensile elongatione: 1.2%  ®® Characteristics of EPORIP  Viscosity: 3.500 cPs  Workability time: 60’ at +23°C 30’ at +30°C  Application temperature: from +5°C to +30°C  Compressive strength: 70 MPa  Elastic modulus: 2.900 MPa  ®® Application examples ®® ®® ®®  ®® Application examples ®® ®® ®® ®®  ®® Application examples ®® ®® ®®  ®® Elastic protective coverings  ®® When are they used ?  They are used when the substrate show cracks (due to shrinkage) which have such dimensions that don’t compromise the statics of the structure  ®® What are they used for ?  They carry out a protective function, because they don’t allow the aggressive agents to penetrate  ®® Superficial cracks Concrete Crack  ®® What doses MAPEI suggest ?  ®® MAPELASTIC  Elastic two-component cementitious mortar for waterproofing concrete surfaces  ®® In what are they different from the elastic (flexible) mortars that are already known ?  ®® Composition A component : fibre-reinforced cementitous mortar - silicious aggregates with a maximum diameter of 0.3 mm  B component : hydrolysis resistant acrylic latex to be continued...  ®®  The elastic properties are achieved thanks to the right balancing of the two components, but the polymer plays an important role in maintaining the elasticity  ®® Properties  Capability of covering the cracks, whose maximum movements are equal to 1 mm  Permanent elasticity under all the conditions (air, water and low temperatures) to be continued...  ®®  Watertightness according to DIN 1048, impermeability to chlorides (calcium and sodium) and to carbon dioxide ®® ®®  ®® Protection with MAPELASTIC Concrete Charge Crack MAPELASTIC  ®® MAPELASTIC ‘ s effect on the carbonation 50 45 40 35 cls non 30 protetto a/c 08 25 20 cls protetto 15 con Mapelastic 10 5 0 gg 0 3 7 40 60  ®® MAPELASTIC ’s effect on the sodium chloride’s penetration 35 30 25 cls non 20 protetto a/c 0.8 15 cls protetto 10 con mapelastic a/c 0.8 5 0 0 3 7 28 45 60 gg  ®® MAPELASTIC ’s effect on the mechanical degradation of concrete, due to immersion in calcium chloride 70 60 MPa 50 cls non 40 protetto a/c 0.4 30 cls protetto 20 con mapelastic 10 0 0 14 21 42 60 gg  ®® Application procedure  Preparation of the surface  Preparation of the mortar  Application of the mortar  ®® Preparation of the surface  The surface to be treated has to be clean and solid  If it’s necessary, repair the strongly degraded areas with the products belonging to MAPEGROUT line  Moisten the surface with water  ®® Preparation of the mortar  Mix A component with B component until you obtain the complete homogeneity  Avoid to prepare the mixture by hand  ®® Application of the mortar  The possible applications are two: - by trowel in a 2 mm thickness - by spray, with rendering machine such as Turbosol T6 or Putzmeister (worm screw) Note:in the areas that are particularly stressed apply a FIBREGLASS MESH (alkali-resistant) between the 1st and the 2nd layer ®®  ®® Superficial cracks Concrete MAPELASTIC + FIBREGLASS MESH Crack  ®® Application examples ®® ®® ®®  ®® Application examples ®® ®®  ®® Application examples ®® ®® ®® ®®  ®® Application examples ®® ®® ®®  ®® REINFORCEMENT WITH CARBON FIBRES ®®  ®® CARBON FIBRES FABRICS  MAPEWRAP C UNI - AX  MAPEWRAP C BI - AX  MAPEWRAP C QUADRI - AX Note: The products are available in different basis weights and heights ®®  ®® Sheet that have been pre- impreganted with epoxy resin  CARBOPLATE Available in: - 2 elastic moduli: 170 e 250 GPa - 3 different dimensions: 50, 100 e 150 mm ®®  ®® WHERE ARE THEY USED ?  ®® MAPEWRAP C UNI - AX  Restoration and static adjustment of degraded structures  Confinement of compressed elements (pillars, piers, chimneys...) ®®  ®® MAPEWRAP C BI - AX  Repair and integration of the flexural strong and shear resistant section. Characteristics: - Fibres at 0° and 90° - Balanced basis weight ®®  ®® MAPEWRAP C QUADRI - AX  Reinforcement and repair of structures when it’s difficult to foresee the state of the tensile stresses (for example, in case of earthquake). Characteristics: - Fibres at 0°, 90°, ±45° - Balanced basis weight ®®  ®® APPLICATION  Dryprojection system  Wet projection system  ®® PROCEDURE DRY PROJECTION WET PROJECTION SYSTEM SYSTEM MAPEWRAP PRIMER 1 MAPEWRAP PRIMER 1 MAPEWRAP 11 o 12 MAPEWRAP 11 o 12 MAPEWRAP 31 MAPEWRAP 21 Difference  ®® Application example with wet projection system (impregnation of the fabric in the job-site) ®®  ®® Impregnation of the fabric, carried out manually with MAPEWRAP 21 ®® ®® ®®  ®® Impregnation of the fabric carried out with MAPEWRAP 21 with a suitable equipment ®® ®® ®®  ®® Laying of MAPEWRAP PRIMER 1 and then application of MAPEWRAP 11 ®®  ®® Application phases of the fabric ®® ®® ®® ®® ®® ®®  ®® Protective system  MAPEFINISH  MONOFINISH  PLANITOP 100  MAPELASTIC  ELASTOCOLOR  ®® MAPEFINISH  Two components smoothing mortar with pozzolanic effect for concrete surfaces  Application by trowel or by rendering machine  Modulus of elasticity (28 days): 15.000 MPa to be continued...  ®®  Resistant to the abrasion  Rigid protective system ®® ®®  ®® MONOFINISH  Single component smoothing mortar for concrete surface  Application by trowel or by rendering machine  Modulos of elasticity (28 days): 18.000 MPa  Rigid protective system ®®  ®® PLANITOP 100  One component, fine grain, light grey coloured mortar for smoothing concrete  Application by trowel  Suitable for filling up the concrete porosity and as smoothing compound for concrete surfaces (adding sand max. tick. 15 mm)  Rigid protective system ®®  ®® MAPELASTIC  Two-components flexible waterproofing cementitious mortar  Crack bridging: 1 mm  It avoids the penetration of chlorides, sulphates and carbon dioxide into concrete to be continued...  ®®  It improves the concrete resistance to freeze -thaw cycles  Suitable for drinking water tanks  ®® Composition  Component A : fibres reinforced mortar cement based with silica sand 0.3 mm  Component B : Hydrolysis resistant Acrylic latex  ®® PRODUCT PRODUCTWITH WITHHIGH HIGHELASTICYTY ELASTICYTY  ®® IMPERMEABILITY IMPERMEABILITYTEST TESTON ONMAPELASTIC MAPELASTIC  ®® MAPELASTIC MAPELASTIC APPLICATION APPLICATIONAND ANDLAYING LAYINGOF OFTHE THE FIBERGLASS FIBERGLASSNET NET  ®® Example of restoration ®®  ®® FINCANTIERI FINCANTIERIWHARF WHARFATATSESTRI SESTRIPONENTE PONENTE(GE) (GE) SPRAY APPLICATION OF THE PRODUCT SPRAY APPLICATION OF THE PRODUCT  ®® PARTICULAR PARTICULAROF OFTHE THEAPPLICATION APPLICATIONPHASE PHASE  ®® Example of restoration  ®® WATERPROOFING WATERPROOFINGOF OFAATERRACE TERRACE ®®  ®® ELASTOCOLOR  Protective  Extension elastic paint (UNI 8202): 392%  Avaible in 34  Vapour resistance different colours (DIN 52615)  =  It needs the 340 application of ELASTOCOLOR PRIMER  ®® APPLICATION APPLICATIONEXAMPLE EXAMPLE  ®® MAPEFILL  Expansion in plastic phase: 0.3% in volume  Restrained expansion: 0.03%  Excellent adhesion to iron  Fluid or superfluid consistency  ®® ANCHORING ANCHORINGOF OFSTEEL STEELPILLAR PILLAR  ®® CEMENT CEMENTWORKS WORKSUNICEM UNICEM AUGUSTA AUGUSTA(SR) (SR) RESTORATION OF BEAM OF OVERHEAD RESTORATION OF BEAM OF OVERHEAD  ®® PARTICULAR PARTICULAR  ®® BEAM BEAMAFTER AFTERTHE THESCARIFICATION SCARIFICATION  ®® RESTORATION RESTORATIONWITH WITH MAPEGROUT HI-FLOW MAPEGROUT HI-FLOW  ®® ANCHORING ANCHORINGWITH WITHMAPEFILL MAPEFILL  ®® FINAL FINALSITUATION SITUATION  ®® STABILCEM Hydraulic binder for the preparation of injection slurries and concrete with controlled shrinkage characteristics: - Dosage: 300 - 500 kg/m3 - Flow: 173% - Bleeding: no to be continued...  ®® - Compressive strength after 28 days: 68 MPa - Flexural strength after 28 days: 9,1 MPa ®® ®® ®®  ®® WATERPROOFING  Basins and tanks containing liquid  Cellars and rooms in basament  ®® Products  MAPELASTIC  IDROSILEX PRONTO  IDROSILEX  LAMPOSILEX  MAPECOAT I24  MAPECOAT W  DURESIL EB  ®® IDROSILEX PRONTO  Waterproof mortar  Application by brush or spray with rendering machine  Rigid waterproofing  Suitable for permanent contact with drinking water ®®  ®® WATERPROOFING WATERPROOFINGOF OFAABASAMENT BASAMENT  ®® WATERPROOFING WATERPROOFING  ®® IDROSILEX  Basins and tanks containing liquid  Cellars and rooms in basament ®®  ®® LAMPOSILEX ULTRA-FAST SETTING AND CURING HYDRAULIC BINDER FOR STOPPING WATER LEAKS  ®® SETTING SETTINGTIME: TIME:1’30’’ 1’30’’AA20°C 20°C WORKABILITY WORKABILITYTIME: TIME: 1’1’AA20°C 20°C  ®® IDROSTOP HYDROPHILIC EXPANDABLE RUBBER SECTION FOR IMPERMEABLE WORKING JOINTS ®®