Computer System Format.pdf

INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING DESIGN THE KEY COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER SYSTEM Key Components of Computer System Definition and Features GUI of Operating System 10 Best OS for Laptops and Computers 1ST YEAR BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN COMPUTER SCIENCE GACUTAN, RACHELYN,...

INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING DESIGN THE KEY COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER SYSTEM Key Components of Computer System Definition and Features GUI of Operating System 10 Best OS for Laptops and Computers 1ST YEAR BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN COMPUTER SCIENCE GACUTAN, RACHELYN, MANDAM INIDAL, NORJIHAD MS. AVEGEL P. NIEGAS INTRODUCTION A computer system is an intricate assembly of hardware and software components that work together to perform various tasks. Key components such as the CPU, RAM, storage devices, and input/output devices form the backbone of any computer system, enabling it to process data and execute programs efficiently. The operating system (OS) plays a crucial role in managing these components and providing a user-friendly interface for interaction. One of the most significant aspects of an OS is its Graphical User Interface (GUI), which uses visual elements like windows, icons, and menus to simplify user interaction. By making complex operations more intuitive, GUIs enhance the overall user experience, making computers accessible and easy to use for a wide range of users. RESEARCH Key Components of Computer System An ideal computer system can be compared to a modern communication organization where each component does its bit in order to ensure things get done. And at the central part of this organization, is located, the Central Processing Unit (CPU), which is popularly referred to as the brain of the computer. It executes commands and does calculations thanks to structures such as Control Unit which supervises all activities and the Arithmetic Logic Unit responsible for computing and logical functions (Martignoni et al., 2009) Furthermore there is an important component that deals with memory, memory is again divided into two parts. First, primary memory such as RAM is a temporary storage unit for information, which is in use, thus very fast to utilizing. There is also secondary memory, where devices such as Hard Disk Drives (HDDs) and Solid State Drives (SSDs) are found, which serve the purpose of storing files and applications permanently. Communication with computers is often done through input devices such as a keyboard or mouse that bear instructions or information. And when this data is processed, images are produced using output devices like computer displays or printers. The motherboard serves as the spine of the entire system connecting and integrating all systems so that they work efficiently. To guarantee the operation of the whole system, the Power Supply Unit (PSU) is connected to the mains and changes the alternating electric current to appropriate direct current for the computer. As for any graphical affair, there is also the Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) meaning games and movies can be well refined. In this regard, a network interface card (NIC) is fitted so that people can use the computer at home or in other public places, such as a café, and connect to the internet or share files. The Operating System (OS) is termed as the system software that manages all of the above-mentioned hardware components and also occupies the position of the user, communicating to the computer’s hardware. It assists you on locating files and executing applications as well as altering settings in line with your preferences. Definition and Features GUI of Operating System A Graphical User Interface (GUI) in an operating system is a visual interface that allows users to interact with their computer using graphical elements like windows, icons, and menus. It simplifies the user experience by providing intuitive, visual ways to perform tasks instead of relying on text-based commands. This makes computers more accessible and easier to use for a wide range of users. Features of GUI in an Operating System 1. Windows: Windows allow users to open multiple applications simultaneously, each in its own separate area on the screen. This enables multitasking, as users can switch between different tasks easily. Windows can be resized, minimized, and moved around to suit the user's needs. 2. Icons: Icons are small graphical representations of programs, files, and functions. They provide a quick and easy way to access these items with a simple click. Icons help users identify and launch applications without needing to remember complex commands. 3. Menus: Menus organize commands and options in a structured list, often categorized into submenus. This helps users find and execute commands quickly without needing to memorize them. Menus can be accessed through the menu bar, context menus, or drop-down lists. 4. Buttons: Buttons are interactive elements that users can click to perform specific actions, such as submitting a form or closing a window. They provide immediate feedback and are often labeled with text or icons to indicate their function. Buttons make it easy to execute commands with a single click. 5. Toolbars: Toolbars contain a collection of buttons and menus that provide quick access to commonly used functions and tools. They are usually located at the top or sides of the application window. Toolbars help streamline workflows by keeping essential tools within easy reach. 6. Drag and Drop: Drag and drop functionality allows users to move objects on the screen by clicking and dragging them to a new location. This feature simplifies tasks like organizing files, copying data, and rearranging items. It provides a more interactive and intuitive way to manage content. 7. Pointing Devices: Pointing devices, such as a mouse or touchpad, enable users to interact with the GUI by pointing, clicking, and dragging. These devices translate physical movements into on-screen actions. They make navigating and manipulating the GUI more precise and efficient. 8. Desktop Environment: The desktop environment is the overall layout and design of the GUI, including the background, taskbar, and system tray. It provides a workspace where users can organize their applications and files. The desktop environment can often be customized to suit individual preferences. 9. Accessibility Options: Accessibility options are features designed to make the GUI usable for people with disabilities. These include screen readers, magnifiers, high-contrast modes, and keyboard shortcuts. Accessibility options ensure that everyone can use the computer effectively, regardless of their physical abilities. 10. Customization: Customization options allow users to personalize the appearance and behavior of the GUI. Users can change themes, wallpapers, icon sizes, and other visual elements to match their preferences. Customization enhances the user experience by making the interface more comfortable and enjoyable to use. 10 Best OS for Laptops and Computers 1. A 2. j 3. h 4. j 5. u 6. Ark Linux Ark Linux is a Linux distribution designed to be user-friendly and easy to install, especially for new Linux users. It simplifies the installation process and provides a pre-configured desktop environment. Ark Linux aims to make the transition to Linux smooth for beginners. It includes essential software and tools to get started right away. Known for its simplicity and ease of use, Ark Linux is ideal for those new to Linux. It offers a stable and reliable platform for everyday computing tasks. 7. Chrome OS Chrome OS is an operating system developed by Google, primarily for web-based applications. It is lightweight and optimized for speed and security, making it suitable for devices like Chromebooks. Chrome OS integrates seamlessly with Google services and supports Android apps. It is designed to be simple and easy to use, focusing on cloud-based computing. Known for its fast startup times and automatic updates, Chrome OS is ideal for users who rely heavily on web applications. Its strong security features and integration with Google services make it a popular choice for education and casual use. 8. Zorin OS Zorin OS is a Linux distribution based on Ubuntu, designed to provide a familiar interface for Windows users. It offers a customizable desktop environment that mimics the look and feel of Windows. Zorin OS aims to make the transition to Linux as smooth as possible for those coming from Windows. It includes a range of pre-installed applications and tools to enhance user experience. Known for its user-friendly interface and ease of use, Zorin OS is great for beginners. It supports running Windows applications through Wine and PlayOnLinux, making it easier for users to switch from Windows. 9. Linux Mint Linux Mint is a popular Linux distribution known for its ease of use and stability. It is based on Ubuntu and provides a comprehensive desktop experience with a familiar interface. Linux Mint includes a variety of pre-installed software and multimedia codecs. It is designed to be user-friendly and accessible for both new and experienced users. 10. FreeBSD FreeBSD is a free and open-source Unix-like operating system derived from the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD). It is known for its advanced networking, performance, and security features. FreeBSD is widely used in server environments and for networking applications. It provides a stable and high-performance platform for various computing tasks. Known for its robustness and efficiency, FreeBSD is ideal for servers and network applications. Its permissive BSD license allows for extensive customization and use in commercial applications without licensing fees.. SUMMARY In conclusion, as a coordinated collection of parts, a computer system helps you perform various activities. The central processing unit is the brain, executing appropriate commands and performing calculations, while storage provides temporary and permanent retention of data. You use peripherals such as keyboards and mice to issue commands and peripherals such as monitors and printers to obtain the output. The connections are made by the motherboard, while the Power Supply Unit provides energy to the whole assembly. The GPU is meant to improve the imaging quality of applications such as games and videos while the Network Interface Card allows the computer to access the internet. The purpose of the operating system is to fuse all these components together in a manner that makes it possible to access and use applications with a reasonably low skill level. All of these components contribute to the same goal: making certain aspects of your life highly efficient and pleasurable in the digital sphere. A Graphical User Interface is a visual interface of an operating system that uses elements including windows, icons, and menus to make the computer conversation intuitive and user-friendly. They use windows for multitasking, icons for easy access, menus for navigation, buttons to act on something for actions, toolbars for quick access, drag-and-drop to allow users to move items, pointing devices including a mouse or trackball for their interaction, desktop environment for organization, accessibility options to make it inclusive, and customization to personalize it. This makes the computer more accessible and easier to work with for a wide range of users. QUESTION(S)-2O ITEMS REFERENCES https://www.g2.com/articles/graphical-user-interface https://www.cybrary.it/blog/command-line-interface-cli-vs-graphical-user-interface -gui https://www.androidauthority.com/what-is-chrome-os-1137371/ https://bing.com/search?q=Zorin+OS+definition+and+examples https://freebsdfoundation.org/freebsd-project/what-is-freebsd/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zorin_OS https://www.thegeekdiary.com/ark-command-examples-in-linux/