Background on Acoustics Lecture PDF

Here is the transcription of the information in the images provided: # BACKGROUND ON ACOUSTICS (Part II) ## A Lecture for Building Utilities 3 ### Ar. Patrick N. Rodriguez ### Faculty Member-MLQU SOA ## BGU 322 BUILDING UTILITIES 3 # BACKGROUND ON ACOUSTICS ## ARCHITECTURAL ACOUSTICS ### Building...

Here is the transcription of the information in the images provided: # BACKGROUND ON ACOUSTICS (Part II) ## A Lecture for Building Utilities 3 ### Ar. Patrick N. Rodriguez ### Faculty Member-MLQU SOA ## BGU 322 BUILDING UTILITIES 3 # BACKGROUND ON ACOUSTICS ## ARCHITECTURAL ACOUSTICS ### Building Skin Envelope * The building envelope is the physical barrier between the exterior and interior environments, enclosing a structure. * Comprised of a series of components and systems that protect the interior space from the effects of the environment like precipitation, wind, temperature, humidity, and ultraviolet radiation. * The internal environment is comprised of the occupants, furnishings, building materials, lighting, machinery, equipment, and the HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) system. There are four images showing a breakdown of the components of the building envelope. The first images are the building facade and the second image shows the building skin. The third image details the complete building envelope The fourth image shows a graphic breakdown showing that the Building Envelope is equal to: $$Building\;Envelope = Roof + Walls + Windows/Doors + Foundation$$ ### Building Skin Envelope * This science analyzes noise transmission from the building exterior envelope to interior and vice versa. * The main noise paths are roofs, eaves, walls, windows, doors, and penetrations. * Sufficient control ensures space functionality and is often required based on building use and local municipal codes. * An example would be providing a suitable design for a home which is to be constructed close to a high volume roadway, or under the flight path of a major airport, or the airport itself. There are three images showing the exterior of buildings with light colored walls and wooden slats covering the windows. ### Inter-Space Noise Control * The science of limiting and/or controlling noise transmission from one building space to another to ensure space functionality and speech privacy. * The typical sound paths are ceilings, room partitions, acoustic ceiling panels (such as wood dropped ceiling panels), doors, windows, flanking, ducting, and other penetrations. * Technical solutions depend on the source of the noise and the path of acoustic transmission, for example noise by steps or noise by (air, water) flow vibrations. * An example would be providing a suitable party wall design in an apartment complex to minimize the mutual disturbance due to noise by residents in adjacent apartments. Below is a diagram illustrates the effect of a party wall in inhibiting sound transmission | | | | :----- | :------------------- | | Top | Party Wall dividing two properties | | Left | Owner 1 | | In-the Middle | Boundary | | Right | Party Wall | | Bottom | Owner 2 | ### Interior Space Acoustics * This is the science of controlling a room's surfaces based on sound absorbing and reflecting properties. * Sound reflections create standing waves that produce natural resonances that can be heard as a pleasant sensation or an annoying one. * Reflective surfaces can be angled and coordinated to provide good coverage of sound for a listener in a concert hall or music recital space. There are two images. The first is a room with grey acoustic panels on the ceiling, two chairs and a table. The second image is a room with a view of the ocean, a grey three-dimensional ceiling. Also in the shot is a ladder. * Fabric covered panels are one way to heighten acoustical absorption. * Mineral fiber board, or Micore, is a commonly used acoustical substrate. * Fabric can be wrapped around substrates to create what is referred to as a "pre-fabricated panel" and often provides good noise absorption if laid onto a wall. Image of a theater with brown seats and walls. * Perforated metal, also known as perforated sheet, perforated plate, or perforated screen, is sheet metal that has been manually or mechanically stamped or punched using CNC (Computerized Numerical Control) technology or in some cases laser cutting to create different holes sizes, shapes and patterns. * The acoustic performance of perforated metal helps people or workers to limit health effects from noise. * Studies have shown that perforated metals help reduce sound levels. An image of the Culture Palace of Tel Aviv with a full orchestra on stage. * There are four ways to improve workplace acoustics and solve workplace sound problems to create different holes sizes, shapes and patterns: * A = Absorb (via drapes, carpets, ceiling tiles, etc.) * B = Block (via panels, walls, floors, ceilings and layout) * C = Cover-up, or Control (background sound levels and spectra) (via masking sound) * D = Diffuse (cause the sound energy to spread by radiating in many directions) Image of a modern office space with large windows, acoustic ceiling panel, plants and furniture. ### Mechanical Equipment Noise * Building services noise control is the science of controlling noise produced by: * HVAC (heating, ventilation, air conditioning) systems * Electrical generators positioned within or attached to a building * Any other building service infrastructure component that emits sound. Image showing HVAC equipment. ## IMPORTANCE OF ACOUSTICS IN ARCHITECTURE * Architecture has always relied on sound to marry a sense of purpose to a building, auditoriums need to be enveloping and encourage learning with clear dictation built into their design, the amphitheatres of ancient Rome needed to resonate with excitement and power, churches need to feel sanctimonious & intimate and parks need to feel calm and separate from the bustle of the busy streets just meters away. * Architects have always been very conscious of what an inhabitant of a space can see, and what they can hear, in order to ultimately entice how a building can make somebody feel. * When it comes to architecture, acoustic considerations should be made at the beginning stages of a design. Sound is projected around the rooms we live, work and dwell in, and can provide benefits to it. If wrong, they can also completely ruin a building. Image of a symphony hall. * Good acoustic design can serve multiple purposes, including the following: * Decreasing stress and anxiety levels * The World Health Organisation (WHO) reports that excessive overnight noise disturbs sleep, raises blood pressure and can even increase the incidence of heart disease. * Implementing acoustic treatment can do more than just improve the sound and quality of a location. Image of 2 people mediating under the sun. * Good acoustic design can serve multiple purposes, including the following: * Preserving hearing Image of a woman holding her ear. * Aiding in concentration Image of a student studying. * Reducing or minimizing hypertension Image of a doctor taking a patient's blood pressure. * Good acoustic design can serve multiple purposes, including the following: * Improving speech communication * Maximizing the enjoyment of musical performances An image showing a group of people engaging in a meeting An image of jazz band performing * Acoustics directly affect patients and their carers in hospitals and wards, such as: * Sudden noises can set off startle reflexes, leading to injury, increased blood pressure and higher respiratory rates. * Prolonged background noise can contribute to memory problems. * Reduced noise levels in ICU have been found to promote better sleep and healing. * Noise at all hours can lead to sleep deprivation which has been tied to longer recovery, dementia, higher re-hospitalisation and worse medical outcomes. Image showing hospital rooms. * Acoustics directly affect patients and their carers in hospitals and wards, such as: * With the need for patient confidentiality, speech privacy is essential, and this is reflected in the room acoustics. * If there is loud background noise speech intelligibility is limited, which, in some cases, can be the difference between life and death. Image showing hospital hallway with nurses at a station. * Educational facilities like schools and universities are hugely impacted by the way that sound travels around them. * Learning is intrinsically linked with communication, being able to actually hear what the teacher is saying, and concentration, with any external noise being a major distracting factor. * Studies found that children miss 25% of the words spoken by their teacher as a consequence of a noisy classroom. Image of students in the classroom listening to the teacher. * Soundproofing an auditorium can provide number of benefits for acoustic quality, performance enhancement, audience enjoyment and revenue. * Improve Sound Quality * Audience can never enjoy a show or speech that reverberates around the space, making it difficult for them understand words and follow information or storylines. * Auditorium acoustic panels make sound quality crystal clear by reducing background noise caused by echo. Image of an auditorium * Soundproofing an auditorium can provide number of benefits for acoustic quality, performance enhancement, audience enjoyment and revenue. * Block Unwanted Noise * Background noise from traffic outside, voices in the lobby can make it difficult for the audience to keep their full attention whatever lecture or performance they are attending. * Acoustic wall panels block out unwanted exterior noise making the audience remains focused on the show. Image showing the stage of an auditorium.