Electrical Wiring and Components PDF

ENTRANCE CAP 1. GROUND 2. NEUTRAL (ACTING AS NEGATIVE) 3. HOT (POSITIVE) 3 PHASE BUSS BAR ENTRANCE CAP 1. GROUND (G) 2. NEUTRAL (W-ACTING AS NEGATIVE) 3. HOT ( 3 POSITIVE- B,R,BL) BOLT ON B...

ENTRANCE CAP 1. GROUND 2. NEUTRAL (ACTING AS NEGATIVE) 3. HOT (POSITIVE) 3 PHASE BUSS BAR ENTRANCE CAP 1. GROUND (G) 2. NEUTRAL (W-ACTING AS NEGATIVE) 3. HOT ( 3 POSITIVE- B,R,BL) BOLT ON BREAKER Galvanized Rigid Conduit (GRC) / Rigid Metal Conduit (RMC) is common in industrial locations and other hazardous areas where corrosion is possible. PVC PIPE CONDUIT (Polyvinyl Chloride) RIGID PIPE  EMT PIPE (Electrical Metallic IMC PIPE (Intermediate Metal tubing) Conduit) is well-suited for is excellent for commercial and commercial and residential residential spaces, including along low-voltage installations, walls and ceilings and in areas including wiring and controls. It doesn’t offer where corrosion poses a risk. much impact resistance, so it’s better to use EMT in aerial or vertical applications attached to a structure. RIGID PIPE  MICA TUBE Liquid-Tight Flexible Metal Conduit FLEXIBLE METAL CONDUIT (FMC) ORANGE FLEXIBLE HOSE NON- RIGID PIPE  FLEXIBLE HOSE PLUMBING ELECTRICAL INTRODUCTION OF COMPUTATION Meralco- the largest distributor of electricity in the Philippines Metro Manila, Bulacan, Rizal, Cavite, part of Laguna, Batangas and part of Pampanga National Grid Corporation of the Philippines (NGCP) - Ensuring the optimal condition of the nation's transmission assets to deliver dependable, safe, and high-quality energy is the responsibility of NGCP. To achieve this, NGCP performs routine maintenance on lines and substations, removes obstacles in the right-of-way, and repairs infrastructure quickly during and after disasters. Electrical Power Source and Alternative Power Sources 1. Fossil Fuel (oil imported) 2. Hydro Fuel (water); Mindanao – Ma. Cristina Falls; Ilocos- Wind Mill (Biggest Wind Farm) 3. Geothermal (thermal – heat); Laguna – Mt. Makiling (No crates) 4. Nuclear Energy; Bataan 5. Solar Energy  POWER PLANT LEVEL 1: GENERATION TRANSMISSION Home/ Consumers NGCP LEVEL 2: Distribution/ Transformers SUB-STATION DISTRIBUTION (HOUSE; CONSUMER) TRANSFORMER LEVEL 3: SUB-STATION (BUILDING; CONSUMER) Distribution/ Sub-station LEVEL 4: Bulk Power Sub-station MINDANAO (autonomous region) Sustainable: water & electricity ; Maria Cristina Falls South- the ideal location for solar panels Single Phase Power- 3 wires (with ground) alternating current (AC) power circuit that directly tapped from the power source Three Phase Power- 4 - 5 wires (with ground & neutral) alternating current (AC) power circuit that usually used in large consumption of certain occupants or building; use transformer SUBSTATION - an auxiliary power station where electrical current is converted, as from DC to AC or where voltage is stepped up or down 2 General Classes of Electricity 1. Electrodynamics Dynamic Electricity- continuous flow of electricity; alternating current; AC 2. Electrostatic- static electricity ;DC Panel Board – is a specified enclosure to protect branch circuits (circuit breaker) or fuse; divides an electrical power feed branch National Electrical Manufacturer Association (NEMA) - is an organization that forms the standards for the manufacturing of medical and electrical equipment Circuit Breaker- an electrical switch designed to protect the electrical circuit from damage overload or short circuit CIRCUIT- the complete path of an electric current including the source of electric energy SERIES- an arrangement of components in an electric circuit in which the same current flows through each element in turn without branching Switch- a device used to interrupt the flow of electricity in a circuit to device/s Pipes/ Conduit – a tube used to protect and route electrical wiring Ground Conductor- is a metal wire, metal bar, or similar material that is used as a conductor that connects equipment to earth via a grounding electrode Copper Wire- is a conductor in many categories of electrical wiring Wires- an insulated material passes the EMT through the outlet; cable Roughing-ins – a channel or pipes through which the wires can be passthrough; “latag” in tagalog RACEWAY - a channel expressly designed to hold and protect electric wires and cables Electrical Box- to enclose wire connections (Junction Box; Utility Box; Pull Box) Convenience Outlet – where the plug connects to supply EMF; where the cable ends Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI)- used in wet or high moisture areas; sens instantly the power tripping and stops the electricity flow Electromotive Force (EMF) - is the electric potential produced by an electrochemical cell or changing the magnetic field. VOLTAGE- potential difference or electromotive force expressed in volts: analogous to pressure in water flow Volts (V)- units to measure the EMF Watt (W)- the SI unit equal to one joule per second or to the power represented by a current of one ampere flowing across a potential difference of one volt W= V x A WATTAGE - an amount of power especially the power required to operate an electrical device or appliance, expressed in watts AMPERE (A)- the basic SI unit of electric current, equivalent to a flow of one coulomb per second or to the steady current produced by one volt applied to one resistance of one ohm AMPERAGE- the strength of an electric current measured or expressed in amperes: analogous to the rate of water flow RESISTANCE (R)- the opposition of a conductor to the flow of current, causing some of the electric energy to be transformed into heat and usually measured in ohms. ALTERNATING CURRENT (AC) - an electric current that reverses direction at regularly recurring intervals, having a magnitude that varies in a sinusoidal manner VOLT AMPERE (VA)- a unit of electric measurement equal to the product of one volt and one ampere, equivalent to one watt for direct current system and a unit of apparent power for alternating current systems GENERAL WIRING RHW Moisture and heat resistance rubber Dry and wet locations T Thermoplastic Dry locations TW Moisture resistant thermoplastic Dry and wet locations THHN Heat resistant thermoplastic Dry locations THW Moisture & heat resistant thermoplastic Dry and wet locations THWN Moisture & heat resistant thermoplastic Dry and wet locations XHHW Moisture & heat resistant cross linked Dry and wet locations SA Silicone asbestos Dry locations AVA Asbestos and varnished cambric Dry locations only CONDUITS ELECTRICAL BOXES Outlet Box – cable ends pipes, tubings (electrical raceway) Utility Box – outlets, switches Materials (Metallic or Nonmetallic) Pull Box – facilitates pulling Make Junction Box – joining, splicing 1. Rigid Metal (RSC, EMT) Cut-out Box – metal box OUTLETS 2. Flexible Metal (BX) Lighting Outlet – Single Gang, Two Gang, Three gang (PLATE) 3. Rigid Nonmetal (Plastic, etc.) Convenience Outlet – Receptacle Outlet 4. Flexible Nonmetal (Plastic, etc.) Duplex Convenience Outlet/Single Convenience Outlet FM – Flash mounted SM – Surface mounted CONDULETS/UNILETS (Conduit Fittings) 1. Straight and angle couplings 2. Elbow Fittings 3. Tee and Cross connections PULL BOX Lightings Lighting (illumination)- deliberate use of light to achieve practical or aesthetic effects -Light Source (lamps & lighting fixtures) -Natural Illumination- daylight (windows, skylights, light shelves) Daylight- the main source of lighting daytime (natural lighting); using architectural elements; sunlight source; natural lighting Candlepower; unit of luminous intensity Candella (cd) (SI units)- a measure of a light source's capacity to provide illumination Lumen- used to measure the flow of light energy in a surface; luminus flux Illumination- density of the luminous flux; from the light source Cached by the surface; Illuminance is the reflection of the light radiated from the surface Light rays- travel in a straight line until they encounter some object; they can be absorbent in dark or black surface; it can be deflected to white surface; it can be passed though in transparent or clear surface Physics of light Light rays- travel in a straight line until they encounter some objects; they can be absorbent in dark or black surfaces; it can be deflected to a white surface; it can be passed through in transparent or clear surface Specular Reflection – “Regular reflection; angle of reflection Diffuse Reflection- reflected light is scattered in all direction s Refraction- bending of a ray of light that passes obliquely through a material Brightness- the way of perceiving light intensity being transmitted Glare- the excessive brightness Luminance- measured quantity Different Types of Lighting Fixtures 1. Direct – direct lighting tends to create shadows 2. Indirect- distribute light upward and downward 3. Diffused- scatted distribution of light -sample plan  12 13 14 15 1ST YR. EVENT 1ST YR. EVENT OFFSET QUIZ #1 TOA 1 GRAPHICS 1 TOA 1 – Q1 1-K 1-I (QUIZ #1) VIRTUAL CATCH-UP & LECTURE PROPER TAKE HOME PLATE ON FIELD 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 BU 2 BU 1 TOA 1 GRAPHICS 1 3-F 2-H 1-C 1-I VITUAL CATCH-UP/ VITUAL CATCH-UP/ VIRTUAL LECTURE (QUIZ #1) TAKEHOME PLATE TAKEHOME PLATE PROPER SCHOOL OFFICE OFFICE BU 1 TOA 1 TOA 1 2-G 1-C 1-K VITUAL LECTURE/ VIRTUAL LECTURE VIRTUAL LECTURE TAKEHOME PLATE PROPER PROPER