Communications Fundamentals PDF

104 Communications fundamentals IT1 (SW/IW) Daniels Radiofrequency (RF) energy is another name for radio waves. It is a form of electromagnetic energy which consists of waves of electric and magnetic energy moving together (radiating) through space. These wav...

104 Communications fundamentals IT1 (SW/IW) Daniels Radiofrequency (RF) energy is another name for radio waves. It is a form of electromagnetic energy which consists of waves of electric and magnetic energy moving together (radiating) through space. These waves are generated by transmitters and then sent through an antenna traveling at the speed of light to the distant end antenna down to the receiver. HF communication (3- 30 Mhz) HF Transmitters (T-1603) - a total of 9 (8 Broadband and 1 narrowband) HF Receivers(R-2557) - a total of 18 HF couplers-CU-2544, CU-2475A, CU-2416A, CU-2460 Coupler matches the RF signal to the antenna HF Antennas 2-3 OE-418A Transmit (Twin Whips) 2-1 OE-409 Transmit/Receive (Fan wires) 2-4 AS3772B Transmit (35ft Whip) 1-3 AS-3771B/U HF receive (14ft Whip) 1-2 AS-4543/URC HF receive (Mast clamp) S:\_All Hands\Combat Systems\CSOOW\ DDG114 Topside Antennas Capabilities HF – Used for long-distance communications support ship-to-ship, ship to- shore, and ship-to- air communications. HF radiation can travel great distances, sometimes to the other side of the earth. Many of the former uses of HF by the Navy are now being taken over by satellite communication systems Voice circuits HF secure voice circuit HF non secure voice circuit Data circuits HF link 11 provide the exchange of track and tactical data between Link 11-capable units. UHF communication (300 Mhz- 3 Ghz) ******NOTE DMR’s are used for UHF LOS, UHF LOS HAVEQUICK OPS, UHF SATCOM, and VHF. EACH DMR HAS 4 CHANNELS DMR’S 1-4 are UHF LOS only. DMR 5 & 6 are UHF LOS and VHF operations and DMR 7 is used for UHF SATCOM only ************* Coupler-OA-9277A Coupler matches the RF signal to the antenna Antennas- 3-1 & 3-5 AS-4163- LOS Upper yardarm  3-4 & 3-3 AS-1735- LOS Lower yardarm S:\_All Hands\Combat Systems\CSOOW\ DDG114 Topside Antennas Capabilities- UHF LOS communications support ship-to-ship, ship to- shore, and ship-to-air LOS communications. Radio waves in the UHF band travel by line-of-sight propagation (LOS). Often times UHF radio waves are blocked by hills, buildings, trees, and other large objects and cannot travel far beyond the horizon. UHF transmission is limited by the visual horizon to 30– 40 nautical miles. Voice circuits- UHF LOS secure circuit UHF LOS non-secure circuit Data- UHF Link 11 LOS- provides the exchange of track and tactical data between Link 11- capable units, both surface and air. VHF communication (30 Mhz- 300 Mhz) Transceivers- DMR (Digital Modular Radio) DMR # 5 & 6 Portable Radio Communication (PRC) green gear communication between ship and boots on the ground in the VHF and UHF frequency ranges. Bridge to bridge communication- provides VHF nonsecure voice communication in the 156 to 162- MHz frequency range using the Furuno 8900S Radio Set. This system fulfills the requirement of a public law requiring all vessels on the high seas to have radio communication capability for exchanging safety-at-sea information between shipmasters and piloting stations. One Furuno 8900S is installed in the Pilot House and another is installed in the CIC. Antennas- 3-11 As-3226B/URC Transmit/Receive Lower Yardarm 3-14 AS-2809/SRC Transmit/Receive Lower Yardarm 3-8 AS-2809/SRC Transmit/Receive Upper Yardarm S:\_All Hands\Combat Systems\CSOOW\ DDG114 Topside Antennas Capabilities- VHF LOS communications support ship-to-ship, ship to- shore, and ship-to-air LOS communications. Provide short-range LOS transmit and receive capabilities. Primarily used for navigation and Amphibious Operations. Voice circuits- VHF LOS secure circuit VHF LOS non-secure circuit IAD (International Air Distress)- 121.5 Mhz EHF communication (30 Ghz- 300 Ghz) NMT (Navy Multiband Terminal)- AN/WSC-9(V)2 replaced USC-38. Capabilities- EHF provides long range satellite communication with low probability of detection (LPD) and anti-jam capabilities for naval ships and shore commands. EHF has a very short wavelength and signals can be affected by rain. It provides Navy units with point-to-point or netted communications (voice, data). Secure/ voice/data- PTP (Point to Point)- Voice or Data circuit between ship and one other ship/shore unit. NET- Voice or data circuit between ship and two or more ship/shore units. LINK- Provides MTJ services over TIP path IP services- EHF is the backup RF path for IP services uses EHF TIP (EHF TIME DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS (TDMA) INTERFACE (TIP) circuit. TIP offers protected internet protocol (IP) networking support to the strike groups and ships that do not have IP connectivity via other SATCOM systems Antennas Radome Port Forward 3-13 AS-4667 Above Pilot house Starboard Aft 3-12 AS-4667 Above Pilot house S:\_All Hands\Combat Systems\CSOOW\ DDG114 Topside Antennas SHF communication (3 Ghz- 30 Ghz) NMT (Navy Multiband Terminal)- AN/WSC-9(V)2 replaced WSC-6. Capabilities- SHF provides long range satellite communication. Primary RF path for IP services. Secure/Unsecure voice- POTS (Plain old telephone system)- Provides secure and unsecure voice communications. LINK- UTJ services obtained over SHF Antenna Radome Starboard Forward- 3-30A (AS-4671) Port Aft- 3-30B (AS-4671) S:\_All Hands\Combat Systems\CSOOW\ DDG114 Topside Antennas Communication systems: ON-740 - Secure Voice System ON-740 is a mission-critical, tactical communications system supporting command and control operations on the ships. Replaced ON-201 IVCS- Shipboard phone system managed by the IC’s. TVS (Tactical Variant Switch) - electronic patching system used to patch various radio circuit together. Replaced SAS/BAS SWICS (Shipwide Interior Wireless Communications System)- Shipboard radios walkie/talkie. 5khz/25khnz DAMA circuits TSN- Tomahawk Strike Network- 5Khz circuit used by the tomahawk FC’s. Communications with tomahawk missile. CUDIXS (Common User Digital Information Exchange System) - Provides secondary means for message traffic via UHF SATCOM. Primary way we get message traffic is through OIX. Fleet Broadcast- Tertiary way we get message traffic via UHF satellite communications. Antennas- AS 4679 3-10A- in front of forward stack AS 4679 3-10B-In front of pilot house AS 2815/SSR-1- 4 located stbd,port, fwd, aft S:\_All Hands\Combat Systems\CSOOW\ DDG114 Topside Antennas Computer Systems SIPRNET- Secret Internet Protocol Router Network DRRS-N- A mission focused capabilities-based web application that provides Navy Commanders, combatant commanders, Joint Chiefs of Staff, and other senior DoD officials a collaborative environment in which to evaluate the readiness and capability of the U.S. Navy. The Defense Readiness Reporting System- Navy (DRRS-N) is based on the mission essential task construct and readiness metrics that indicate a command’s ability to execute specified missions—from humanitarian assistance to major combat operations. GCCS-M- Global Command and Control System-Maritime (GCCS-M) is the U.S. Navy’s command and control (C2) system to provide situational awareness (SA) and tracking of forces. It includes both hardware and software. GCCS-M, the maritime implementation of U.S. GCCS, is focused primarily on the SA capability in the form of the common operational picture (COP), for example, “tracks on a map.” It provides commanders at all echelons a single, integrated, scalable command, control, communications, computers, and intelligence (C4I) system. CENTRIX- CENTRIXS is a collection of classified coalition networks, called enclaves, that enable information sharing through the use of email and Web services, instant messaging or chat, the Common Operational Picture service, and Voice over IP. CENTRIXS supports combatant commands throughout the world, including the U.S. Pacific, Central and European commands. NIPRNET- The Non-classified Internet Protocol (IP) Router Network NIAPS- The NIAPS System is an unclassified system that provides onboard capability for sailors to access a host of applications for professional and personal development training materials, technical support, and logistics information from the shore in near real-time. Hosts: ESOMs, SKED, ATIS, FSM, etc. NTCSS- NTCSS is a suite of software applications used to provide ship and inventory management, supply and financial business management, administration, and personnel management to Navy and Marine Corps operational forces, afloat and ashore. Hosts: RADM, OMNS-NG, R-SUPPLY NAVY CASH- System used onboard for purchasing goods. Replaces currency aboard ship. NSIPS- The Navy Standard Integrated Personnel System (NSIPS) is the Navy’s single, field-entry, electronic pay and personnel system for all USN/USNR Sailors. This web-enabled, Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system offers Sailors 24-hour access to their Electronic Service Record (ESR), training data, and career counseling records. NSIPS is available world-wide, both ashore and afloat. NSIPS is currently deployed on 150 ships and is available via the ship’s network using a disconnected operations infrastructure, synchronizing data with the ashore network when connectivity permits. ADNS (Automated Digital Networking System) The AN/USQ-144K(V)2 ADNS provides a means of transferring IP data across RF communications systems or the landline interface. The system allows ship and shore networks to join together and exchange data as if they were on the same physical network connection. ADNS efficiently uses communications bandwidth by combining the UNCLASS, Secret, and TS/SCI traffic over a single circuit using the KG-175 taclane to ensure that the data between security enclaves is not compromised. ADNS takes IP data from a connected network and allows a ship or shore station to send it over traditional RF circuits or the landline interface, automatically choosing the best available circuit for transmission. C2OIX (Command and Control Office Information Exchange)- Primary way we get message traffic is through OIX. Uses SHF satcom or pier services.