Common Pediatric Infections PDF

Common Pediatric Infections Objectives: 1. Recognize the incubation period, mode of transmission, pathogenesis, clinical presentation and management of the major viral pathogens of childhood including: 1. Measles, mumps, rubella and rubeola 2. Parv...

Common Pediatric Infections Objectives: 1. Recognize the incubation period, mode of transmission, pathogenesis, clinical presentation and management of the major viral pathogens of childhood including: 1. Measles, mumps, rubella and rubeola 2. Parvovirus, adenovirus, Herpes and Simplex I & II, Cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus. 3. Varicella, parainfluenza and influenza d) Hepatitis A and B. 2. Recognize the etiology, clinical presentation of other common pediatric infections including: pharyngitis, sinusitis, otitis media, skin infections and urinary tract infections. 3. Provide guidelines for management of these infections, including prevention Done by Jumanah Alqurashi Blue: Main Category Orange: Subcategory. Black: Original slides content. Red: Important information. Green: Doctor notes. Blue highlight: Info that came in previous batches questions.  Infection Organism IP MOT Management / Clinical feature Pictures prevention human herpesvirus-6 9 - 10 Contact symptomatic mild rhinorrhea and mild erythema of the HHV6 (Human When Fever stops (HHV- 6), and less days + treatment: fluids + pharynx and conjunctivae. the rash will Herpes Virus type 6) commonly HHV-7. " acetaminophen to high fever often >40°C. apear. Saliva Droplets " " " % ' b Red dots reduce fever rash begins as the fever breaks. Roseola or. exanthema subitum Rash (trunk and then spreads to the face and extremities) or 'sixth disease' Person- fever, anorexia, malaise, and headache that Varicella zoster person Drug of choice: occurs 24-48 hours before the rash. ( HHV3) varicella zoster virus contact acyclovir (touch) rash begins: centrally then spreads “chickenpox” 14- 16 Tropical lotions (eg: peripherally. days airborne calamine lotion, Rash appearance: generalized, pruritic, droplets pramoxime) macular rash (clear, fluid-filled, teardrop- shaped vesicles then vesicles become trans- cloudy and umbilicated and then crust placental over) Vaccine 2- 3 Rash < 72 h give Pain: burning throbbing or stabbing in Shingles ( Herpes weeks antiviral character, itching, fever , fatigue zoster) or angular stomatitis 14-16 Rash >= 72 h give days airborne antiviral if new vesicle Uncommon in children varicella zoster virus droplets, same as less 72 h Reactivation of latent varicella bodily No new vesicle >> secretions Supportive care Associated with administration Especially of: Ampicillin amoxicillin saliva acylovirt * ( HHB ) Epstein Barr virus 4-6 Bodily fluids Symptomatic treatment malaise, fatigue, fever, headache, sore Epstein-Barr virus weeks throat, nausea, abdominal pain, and (EBV) Avoid physical activity myalgias.Generalized lymphadenopathy (high risk of splenic rupture) ( HHV3 ) Cytomegalovirus Up to 4 Bodily fluids Blue berry muffin lesion Congenital CMV weeks ( breast milk, infection saliva, urine , Hearing loss, eye issues blood, tears. ———- Seizure Infection in 1st or 2nd trimester ( HHVS )  Infection Organism IP MOT Management / Clinical feature Pictures prevention Measles virus 2 Direct contact fever, Cough, Coryza, Conjunctivitis (the "3 Measles weeks or inhalation C's"). of virus Koplik spots. containing symptomatic treatment droplets A high fever >40°C. MMR Vaccine typically accompanies a blanching, maculopapular rash Rubella virus 2-3 Respiratory maculopapular rash (Less bright). Rubella weeks Droplets or symptomatic treatment trans- Tender cranial lymphadenopathy precedes placental the rash by at least 24 hours. MMR Vaccine Polyarthritis Mumps virus 16 to 18 Droplet and Fever, malaise, and parotitis (uni-and Mumps days contact bilateral) (usually in winter and Self-limited spring) MMR Vaccine parvovirus B 19 7- 14 Aerosol Not necessary slapped-cheek" erythematous rash on the Parvovirus B19 days face, which rapidly spreads as a diffuse, 5th disease Other: blood, But if needed erythematous, maculopapular rash to the transplacental NSAID,Predinisone trunk and proximal extremities. The rash worsens with fever, exposure to the sun. aplastic crisis > dysfunction bone marrow coxsackie A virus 1- 5 Airborne Supportive oropharynx is inflamed, with vesicles Coxsackie A (enterovirus) days droplets, management scattered on the tongue, buccal mucosa, (Enterovirus) fecal-oral Hands and fingers, feet, buttocks, and groin may also demonstrate Hand, foot, and maculopapular, vesicular, or pustular mouth disease lesions. group 2-5 Aerosol Penicillin V red, swollen papillae (white strawberry) that Scarlet Fever A Streptococcus. days later progresses to a beefy-red (red strawberry) tongue. The rash is a diffuse, erythematous, papular eruption (sandpaper rash).  Infection Organism IP MOT Management / Clinical feature Pictures prevention 21 days Airborne Oral analgesia, ear pain (ear pulling) ear drainage, fever, Otitis media Most common bacterial pathogens: droplets Ibuprofen and lethargy, irritability 1. Streptococcus acetaminophen pneumonia 2. Nontypeable Haemophilus influenza 3. Moroxella catarrhalis Diagnosis is made Acute Rheumatic based on Jones criteria by satisfying either 2 major criteria or 1 major plus 2 minor criteria. The major criteria are Fever. s polyarthritis, carditis, subcutaneous nodules, erythema marginatum, and Sydenham chorea. staphylococcus 80% of About Direct contact Wound cleaning with Impetigo the case 10 days antibacterial wash caused by S. aureus and Most common GAS Bacterial infection among children E.coli:70–90% Oral or parenteral UTI Klebsiella treatment is equally Proteus effective Enterococcus In toxic patients and Enterobacter. patient unable to take Pseudomonas orally, parenteral antibiotics should be initiated until clinically improved for 24 to 48 hours Best of luck doctors. Done by: Jumanah Hamed Alqurashi