Common Cold - Chapter 11 PDF

ommon Cold Chapter11 kids ColdproductsNOTrecommendedfor 6yearsold Antibiotics NOTrecommended PatientswHT...

ommon Cold Chapter11 kids ColdproductsNOTrecommendedfor 6yearsold Antibiotics NOTrecommended PatientswHTN doNOTusedecongestants useCori do Cold= viral infection of the upper respiratory tract **Higher exposure rates can increase susceptibility to colds! Or Allergic disorders of the nose & pharynx or less diverse social networks or weakened immune systems **leading cause of absentism **Children= 6-10 per year **Adults (60)= 1 per year Pathophysiology: -limited to upper respiratory tract -host defense system to protect the body -nerves in the nose cause most symptoms ->200 viruses cause colds -Rhinoviruses -peak viruses levels seen in 2-4 days, stays in nasopharynx for 16-18 days -transmission -self-inoculation after contact with objects -aerosol transmission Possible links to: cold environments or sudden chilling or exposure to central heating No increase in susceptibility: walking outside barefoot, teething, enlarged tonsils Clinical Presentation: Symptoms= -seen 1-3 days after infection -persist for 7-14 days -sore throat is rst to appear -nasal symptoms by day 2 or 3 -cough ( nasal -> cough** Patients may report= ~red pharynx with post nasal drainage, nasal obstruction & tender sinuses ~clear, thin & watery secretion seen on day 1-2, followed by thicker secretion (may be green or yellow) ~low grade fevers are rare Non-pharm: -maintenance of uid intake -adequate rest -nutritious diet -increased humidi cation -saline spray/drops -soothing foods & drinks (soup or tea) -breathing strips to lift nose **Vicks Vapor Rub (MUST BE ≥ 2 years old) -can be addictive, don’t use more than 3 days, can get rebound congestion if more than 5 days Non-pharm: INFANTS -upright positioning -proper uid intake -increased humidity -saline nasal drops -clear nose with bulb or nasal aspirator OTC-pharm: Decongestants= treat sinus & nasal congestion ~adrenergic agonists ~NOT recommended in kids < 6 years old! ~FDA approved for temporary relied of nasal congestion & cough *SYSTEMIC: -Pseudophedrine (Sudafed) *max of 3.6 grams/day or 9 grams/month -Phenylephrine (Sudafed PE) -side e ects= increase BP, tachycardia, insomnia, restlessness, anxiety, tremors, hallucinations *NASAL: -Oxymetazoline (Afrin) **Original ~2-3 sprays in each nostril every 10-12 hours, DO NOT use more than 3 days! -Phenylephrine HCl (Neo-Synephrine) -Propytheradrine HCl (Benzedrex) -Xylometazoline (Afrin) **Severe -Levmetamfetamine (Vicks Vapo Inhaler) -side e ects= burning, sneezing, dryness, rebound congestion, pt’s should only use 3-5 days **discard after 2-3 months Antihistamines: NOT e ective for cold if used alone Local anesthetic: ~Lozenges= Benzocaine (Cepacol) & Menthol products -Benzocaine (Cepacol) every 2-4 hours, let dissolve, symptoms should improve in 7-14 days ~Sprays= Cepacol & Phenol -CONTRAINDICATED in kids