Commerce Study Doc PDF - Year 9 Commerce 2024 Past Paper

Economics and Business Studies Faculty Assessment Task 4 – End of Year Exam Year 9 Commerce, 2024 Nature of Task Date of Task Weighting Closed Book Test Term 4: Week 5 E...

Economics and Business Studies Faculty Assessment Task 4 – End of Year Exam Year 9 Commerce, 2024 Nature of Task Date of Task Weighting Closed Book Test Term 4: Week 5 Exam Block 40% 11/11/24 - 16/11/24 Specific date TBC from the Curriculum Office Description of the Task: This is a CLOSED book Examination comprised of the following: 25 multiple choice questions Short answer questions (Totalling 25 Marks) Total Marks: 50 Outcomes to be Assessed: Applies consumer, financial, economic, business, legal, political and employment concepts and terminology in a variety of contexts (COM5-1). Analyses key factors affecting decisions (COM 5-4). Evaluates options for solving problems and issues (COM5-5). You will be assessed on how well you: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of commercial concepts and relationships. Make calculations. Select appropriate solutions to commercial problems and issues. Comprehend and interpret material such as graphs, statistics and financial statements. Instructions: During the allocated examination time during week 5, you will complete a CLOSED BOOK test comprising 20 multiple choice questions and a series of short answer questions. This test will cover all topic areas: Topic 1 - Consumer and Financial Decisions Topic 2 – Investing Topic 3 - Running a Business Topic 4 - Promoting and Selling (4.1- 4.9 inclusive) Submission Instructions: Working time: 60 minutes to complete the task. 5 minutes reading time. You should bring writing equipment and a NESA approved calculator to the task. No other material/equipment should be brought into the room Please review the College policy on Malpractice & Illness/Misadventure in the Assessment Booklet. BLUE = Know but don’t need it. GREEN = Know and need to know. RED = Don’t know and need to know. YELLOW = Need a refresher. Topic 1 - Consumer and Financial Decisions Task 1.1 - Needs and wants A need is something that you need to live. A want is something that you want for enjoyment and for entertainment. A consumer is a person who purchases goods and services for personal use. A good is a tangible or physical product. A service is when you pay for a skill, for example, an iPhone screen repair. A durable good is something you can use over and over again. E.g. pen or a TV. A non-durable good is something that you can only use once. E.g. Sandwiches. Task 1.2 - Resources and choices The four categories are Land which is for example a sheep farm, then there is Capital which is chicken, timber, computers and a tractor. The third category is Labor, which is a bricklayer, store manager, accountant or actor. The fourth category is Entrepreneur which is the owner for example a school principal. These four categories make production. Consumers make choices so that they can stay financially stable. Opportunity cost is what you give up to get or do something else. If a family spends money on a car then the opportunity cost is the money because they could have used that money to buy something else. Task 1.3 - Commerce camping trip Consumers must balance between their basic needs, such as food and personal wants. These decisions are influenced by many factors such as price, product quality, brand reputation and availability. Additionally, consumers consider health and environmental impacts when choosing food items, looking for products that meet their expectations. Overall, consumers aim to make decisions that satisfy their lifestyle. This process shows how consumers have to prioritise different needs and wants. Task 1.4 - Influences Disposable income- A consumer's level of income which determines what kind of products they regularly purchase. Environmental considerations- Consumers want recyclable items and not throw away stuff. Social Media- Websites and apps that enable users to share content. Cultural factors- Basic values, wants and behaviours per community. Customer service- If there is good customer service people will keep buying and will recommend it to others. Task 1.7 - Saving and spending It is important to save money because if something happens and you need to spend money on something like a car repair you have money for it. If you spend all of your money on nice things after about a few years you will get into big financial trouble. Task 1.8 - Saving and Spending Patterns Saving and Spending Habits: Savings depend on various factors like income, location, and goals. A popular strategy is the 50/30/20 rule: 50% for needs, 30% for wants, 20% for savings or debt. Australians typically save around 10% of their income. Average Income and Spending: The average Australian income is $89,122.80 annually. The average household saves $10,248 annually. The average weekly household spending is around $2,115. Spending Breakdown: Housing: $508/week Food: $253/week Other categories: ranging from $44/week to $183/week Regional variations: Northern Territory has the highest spending ($3,274/week). Tasmania has the lowest spending ($2,115/week). Spending varies by category across regions. Task 1.9 - Comparing grocery prices The grocery store with more specials is better than those with fewer specials. The better the prices the better the shop. Some shops will have per litre or mL so you have to check which is better per litre. Task 1.10 - Choosing what to buy Look for the best quality but also for the best price. You have to equal the cost and the benefits per each item. Check what the overall score is and what the performance score is. Task 1.11 - Choosing where to buy When you are close to the shops you should go to that shop rather than one far away. If everything is in one place you would go to that place instead of having to drive everywhere. Shopping online is good because you don’t have to pay for fuel or have to spend time shopping. Task 1.13 - Online shopping review A website is good if it is safe and if it has refunds for lost or stolen products. A online site needs to take many payment options. If there is good reviews of a site more people are likely to buy from there. Task 1.14 - Payment Choices The way consumers pay for goods has evolved significantly with the rise of various payment methods, each offering unique advantages and disadvantages. Cash is immediate but lacks convenience for online transactions, while credit cards provide flexibility and build credit but come with high interest rates if balances are not paid off. Debit cards, linked directly to bank accounts, are convenient for those who want to avoid debt but are limited by available funds. Online platforms like PayPal offer secure transactions but may charge fees, while services such as Zip Pay and Afterpay enable "buy now, pay later" options, appealing to those who need payment flexibility but can lead to overspending if not managed carefully. Mobile payments like Apple Pay and contactless systems like Visa PayWave and Mastercard PayPass provide fast, secure, and convenient options, especially for small in-person purchases. Direct Debit and BPAY are useful for recurring payments, but they require careful management to avoid overcharging. Technological advancements, such as mobile wallets and contactless payments, have increasingly influenced consumer choices, providing more convenience and security, with contactless payments predicted to account for 40% of global retail purchases by 2025. Factors influencing payment choices include convenience, security, cost, and the availability of flexible repayment options, with technology playing a key role in shaping these decisions. Task 1.15 - My purchasing profile The most effective is the squirrel but the least effective is the peacock because they try to buy everything nicely and end up getting into money problems. I normally don’t buy much but if there is something I really want I will look at many possible options of what is better for price and what is better quality. My decision-making is good because I can keep track of the amount of money I have but it is bad because I don't get all of the nice things that I want. My strategies for being an effective customer could be improved by looking for more options and better prices. A consumer should always watch how much money they have and they should try to find the cheapest and best options. Task 1.17 Scamwatch - Phishing, online shopping scams, investment scams, identity theft, lottery or prize scams, tech support scams, romance scams, job and employment scams, charity scams and business email compromise. Task 1.18 Contracts - A contract is like a promise between people. It is an understanding, a deal between two or more people or organisations to do certain things. Each person or organisation who agrees to do something in a contract is called a party. An agreement, or a contract, says what you and the other person or organisation have agreed to do. It is a written list of the promises you have made. The best form of contract is written on paper and signed by each party. Task 1.19 Consumer rights - Success Criteria: I can identify the law that protects consumers. The fair trading act in 1987. Describe the 4 basic consumer rights. The right to safety, the right to be informed, the right to choose and the right to be heard. Describe the consumer guarantees when buying goods and services. Goods must function properly, be the correct clothes size, fit for purpose and must be safe to use. A service must be in good condition, make sure a shirt is the correct size, running shoes should be able to run in and the product shouldn’t cause injury when used correctly. Task 1.20 Organisation that Help - Task 1.23 Consequences - Personal - Stress, anxiety and depression. Damage to credit score, loss of sense of security and reduced ability to save for goals. Social - Strained relationships and difficulty finding a house. Task 1.24 Payday loans - A payday loan is a short-term loan with high fees. You borrow money for a short-term loan with high fees. You borrow money and repay it. Payday loans target people to come up with enough money. Low income bad credit history and limited savings. Task 1.25 Financial goals - Compound interest is for growing money over time. Compound interest is like a plant seed and if you were to watch it slowly sprout into a big, strong plant. Compound interest is like that seed, but instead of growing leaves, it grows your money. That interest gets added to your original amount, like fertiliser for your money plant. Now you're not just earning interest on your original savings, but also on the interest you've already earned. This is like the plant growing bigger and stronger. The more often you earn interest, the faster your money grows. This can be a great way to save for long-term goals like retirement, because even small amounts can snowball into a large sum over time.  The important thing is to understand how interest works so you can make informed decisions about saving and investing. It's like understanding how to care for your plant - the better you understand it, the better it will live. Task 1.26 Credit Cards - Credit cards let you borrow money to buy things. You get a statement each month showing what you owe. It’s important to pay at least the minimum amount due each month to avoid extra fees. If you don’t pay it all back by the date due, interest is charged. Task 1.27 What is a Budget - Food Wage School Fees Rent Movie Tickets Petrol Car Insurance Gym Membership Clothes Mobile Plan Electricity Interest Home Insurance Dividend Takeaway Coffees Salary Dog Food Books Mortgage Haircuts Pool Guy Birthday Gifts Donations Foxtel Income Fixed expenses Variable expenses Dividend, Wage and Home Insurance, Mobile Food, Movie Tickets, Salary. Plan, School Fees, Car Clothes, Dog Food, Insurance, Mortgage, Petrol, Books, Birthday Donations, Rent, Gym Gifts, Electricity, Membership, Pool Guy, Takeaway Coffees, and Foxtel. Interest and Haircuts. Task 1.29 Savings and Super - Small changes can make a big difference. There are simple ways you can save money every day. Set a savings goal to help you stay on track and avoid dipping into your savings. Start saving today, the sooner you start, the more you will earn in interest and the sooner you will reach your financial goals. Automate your saving. Set up a direct deposit so part of your pay goes straight to your savings. Put some money aside for unexpected costs. You will be glad to have money set aside if something goes wrong. Task 1.30 Solving Problems - Financial hardship is when it's difficult to cover your everyday expenses. This can happen due to unexpected events or changes in your income or costs. What are the two main reasons for financial hardship? Changes in income: This could be due to job loss, reduced work hours, or unexpected bills. Increased expenses: Maybe your living costs go up, or you experience an emergency expense like car repairs. If you're struggling to make loan repayments due to financial difficulty, you can contact your lender to discuss a hardship variation. This might involve a temporary change to your repayments. If you're facing financial hardship and struggling with loan repayments, your lender may be able to adjust your repayment plan. This could involve changes like lower monthly payments or a longer repayment term. There are some drawbacks to consider with a hardship variation on a loan. The total cost of the loan might increase, and it could temporarily affect your ability to borrow money in the future. Task 2.1 Why people invest - Investing is putting capital to use today in order to increase its value over time. Businesses invest in new machinery or products to increase the efficiency of workers. Consumers invest savings to make more money. Governments also invest in education, roads and railways, however it doesn’t create an instant profit. Task 2.2 Financing your Investment - Governments invest in things such as machinery and products to increase the efficiency of workers, therefore making more money. They also invest in things such as education, to make a profit in the long run. The two ways consumers finance the investments they make is through personal savings or by borrowing. Borrowing is the usual way for consumers to finance their property finances because usually the value of the consumer's home increases meaning it’s worth more and they will have more equity. Therefore they will have more money and less money owed. Task 2.3 Where can I invest - The five main investment options for consumers are an investment account which is a flexible account where you can buy different types of investments. You can manage it yourself however you pay tax on any profits. Shares, which is buying a part of a business. You can make money if the business does, however it can go down too. Property, which is buying a house to rent it or sell it later. It can make a lot of money however money needs to be spent on it for repairs. A managed fund is a pool of money from many investors that’s managed by a professional. They invest in different assets for you. Lastly, super is a retirement savings account that grows over time. Your employer adds money from your salary, and the funds are invested to grow until retirement. Task 2.4 Term deposits and managed funds - Term deposits let you invest for a certain time and get a fixed interest rate, which makes it certain how much interest the consumer will earn. The factor to consider with a term deposit is that high interest rates mean the consumer will get a larger amount of money than they put in. Because of this, the consumer can’t withdraw their money early. The money is protected by the government, meaning if the consumer's bank fails, they will pay you back. Maturity is when the time the money in the account has ended. The longer the investment is in the bank, the more money the consumer receives. Task 2.5 Investing in Property - Costs of buying an investment Costs of owning and investment property. property. - Stamp Duty - Council and water rates - Conveyancing fees - Building insurance - Legal Costs - Landlord insurance - Search fees - Body corporate fees - Pest and building reports - Land tax - Repairs and maintenance Location: Pick an area with good facilities, like schools, shops, and transport. A good location can make the property more valuable and easier to rent out. Budget: Make sure you can afford not just the property but also extra costs, like repairs, taxes, and insurance. Future Growth: Look for an area that might increase in value over time, which could make your property worth more in the future. Task 2.6 Property Research - Good investment properties are usually in suburbs that are easy to get to, close to schools and shops, and have low crime rates. Features like good schools and parks attract families and renters, which can help you earn more money from rent. Suburbs that are growing or have new developments are especially attractive because they can increase property values over time. The qualities of a suburb affect your investment choices by influencing how many people want to live there, the risk involved, how well the property holds its value, and how easy it is to rent out. Choosing the right suburb is important for a successful investment. Task 2.7 Property, negative gearing- Negative gearing occurs when the costs associated with owning an investment property are greater than the income the investor receives from the property. Negative gearing in property investment has its pros and cons. On the positive side, it can reduce your tax bill because you can claim losses as deductions, and if the property value goes up, you could make a good profit when selling. However, the downsides include having to cover ongoing losses if rental income isn’t enough, the risk of property values dropping, and potential cash flow problems. Overall, while negative gearing can be a good strategy for some, it comes with financial risks and responsibilities. Task 2.8 Property flipping- Property flipping is the practice of purchasing a property, making renovations or improvements, and then selling it for a profit in a short time frame. Investors typically seek out undervalued or distressed properties that need work, aiming to enhance their value through renovations. The goal is to quickly sell the improved property at a higher price, ideally within a few months. It has advantages and disadvantages. advantages is that If you have enough money you can renovate the house making it increase in value. You can also learn lots of building skills from renovating the house. disadvantages include that it's easy to go over the budget And spend way too much time on the Project. You can also lose money if the renovations aren't worth it. Task 2.9 Investing in Shares- The sharemarket is where shares, or units of company ownership, are bought and sold. Investors buy shares for potential profits and dividends, while companies list shares to raise funds. Brokers facilitate transactions, and the settlement process completes the exchange of shares and payment. Key participants include investors, brokers, companies, regulators (who ensure fairness), and market makers, who help keep prices stable. Task 2.11 Why share prices change- Share prices change because of supply and demand. If more people want to buy a stock (demand) than sell it (supply), then the price moves up. Conversely, if more people wanted to sell a stock than buy it, there would be greater supply than demand, and the price would fall. Task 2.12 Covid-19 and the sharemarket- Positive effects of Covid include investors taking advantage of lower share prices and buying shares. Negative effects include no profits for businesses, oil and petrol was hard hit, less demand means the price goes down. COVID-19 caused significant volatility in the sharemarket, with rapid declines early on due to economic uncertainty and lockdowns. Sectors like travel suffered, while technology and healthcare saw gains. Government stimulus and low-interest rates helped stabilise the market, but COVID-19 highlighted both risks and opportunities, shifting investor behaviour. Task 2.13 Risk and Return- Rate of return is the profit you receive on your investment as a percentage of the original investment. Rate of return = Profit from investment/ original investment x 100/years of investment. Growth assets generally provide a higher return over longer periods such as shares. Defensive assets usually provide a lower return but a lower risk such as government bonds or term deposits. A low risk appetite person is someone who is worried about losing their money, so they don't put much money in the investment. Task 2.14 Ethical Investing- Ethical investing is when individuals invest in certain companies they are in line with their own beliefs or values. Examples of non-ethical investing is investing in business that use child labour , have unsafe working conditions for their staff, destroy of old growth forests and creating excess waste. If a business uses these sorts of things, it can lead to the loss of customers because they don’t want to buy from or invest in things they think is wrong or could be harming people or the environment. Task 2.15 Influences on Investment Choices- Diversifying is to make a growth strategy that ventures into a new market. It also means having multiple different investments at the same time. It is also called having lots of different eggs in different baskets. Investors do this because in case one of their investments goes down in value and they lose money, there is a chance one of their other investments will go up in value meaning that the money lost will be balanced out and it’s a lot harder to lose money overall. It could also mean multiple investments make money, meaning the consumer makes a lot of money. Task 2.17 Risk Mitigation- Risk mitigation is the process of reducing risk exposure and minimising the likelihood of an incident. Knowing the economic cycle is important so you know what investments have plans when the economy changes. During Covid-19, people were unsure of what investments would be worth. This led to people not investing in things during Covid. Avoid Remove any chance of loss and withdraw funds to avoid further loss. Reduce Diversifying your investments means reducing the consumers possible harm. Manage Monitor and record your profits and losses. Transfer Give ownership to financial managers to involve insurance. Task 2.18 Financial Services Industry- The financial services industry helps people and businesses manage money through banking, loans, insurance, and investments. Main players include banks, insurance companies, investment firms, and financial advisors, with regulators ensuring fairness. Lenders must lend responsibly and explain loan terms, while advisors provide honest advice in their clients’ best interests. This industry supports financial goals and economic stability. Task 2.19 Royal Banking Commission- The Banking Royal Commission was set up in Australia to investigate wrongdoing in the financial services industry, particularly among banks. It aims to look into issues like how customers were treated, misleading financial advice, and a lack of accountability. A conflict of interest happens when someone has competing loyalties that could affect their decisions, making it hard to act fairly. One unethical practice found by the Royal Commission was banks charging customers fees for services they never provided, which led to clients losing money without getting anything in return. This highlighted serious problems in the industry regarding transparency and accountability. Task 2.20 Unusual Investments- Some unusual investments include buying parking spots in a large car park. Sometimes investing in unusual investments combined with normal investments can benefit the consumer because it can make money. Task 3.1 What is an Entrepreneur- An entrepreneur is a person who sets up a business or business, taking on financial risks in the hope of profit. Successful entrepreneurs possess a combination of various traits and characteristics such as passion, persistence, creativity, adaptability, risk-taking, problem-solving skills, leadership, and a positive attitude. Entrepreneurs succeed by combining vision and innovation with risk-taking and resilience. They know their market, seize the right timing, and rely on effective networking to access resources and insights. Financial management and adaptability are key, as they handle budgets and respond to market shifts. Effective leadership and team-building skills also help drive growth and sustain success. Together, these qualities and strategies form a solid foundation for entrepreneurial achievement. Task 3.2 Case Studies- This study also profiles successful businesspeople like Boost Juice founder Janine Allis and Darkies Design's Dion Devow with their younger innovators. Boost Juice has over 600 stores and was founded in 2000. At the same time, her success is due to having a vision of healthy snacks but also having good leadership qualities with a customer-oriented perspective. Dion Devow branded his business to celebrate his heritage and tackle underrepresentation in fashion, which was due to creativity and commitment to social networks. Determination, creativity, and resilience mean everything to the young entrepreneur; pathways to entrepreneurial success are indelibly marked with the need for market awareness and cultural representation. Task 3.3 Shark Tank- From this exercise, one learns that not all ideas work always in businesses, and for their success, there needs to be a proper deliberation on different variables involved. You garner skills in analyzing investment opportunities through function, market demand, the background of the entrepreneur, and competitive landscape by analyzing different pitches in Shark Tank. This will help you in developing your critical thinking process and ability to justify investment decisions, understand the complexity of being an entrepreneur, and the sound reasoning required in establishing the viability of a business. Task 3.4 Business ideas- It teaches how to develop a business idea in cooperation, including defining the product to be sold, identifying supplies and equipment, naming the business, and logo creation. It further develops an understanding of teamwork in entrepreneurship and practical issues in starting a business for Market Day. Task 3.7 Market Research- Market research is the process of information gathering and analysing it about customers and business opportunities. It helps the entrepreneur to make better decisions by understanding consumer behaviour. Loyalty cards provide stores with a huge amount of data about their customers such as gender, age and income. Primary market research is done by collecting data yourself, often through surveys or interviews with your target market. Secondary research uses existing data that you can find online or in research reports and books. Task 3.8 Location- The location of a business is influenced by several factors, including proximity to customers, which enhances convenience and access. High land or rent costs may deter businesses from certain areas, while good transportation access is crucial for the movement of goods and customers. The availability of a skilled workforce nearby can be essential, as can reliable infrastructure like utilities. Some businesses seek areas with minimal competition, while others benefit from clustering near similar businesses. Government incentives, such as tax breaks or grants, also attract businesses to specific locations. Environmental factors, like climate, impact industries such as agriculture and tourism. Additionally, businesses prefer safer areas to protect employees and customers, and some choose locations that align with their brand image for enhanced appeal. For a school, it should be located near a suburb with lots of kids. Task 3.9 Demographics/Competition- Demographics refer to statistical data on population characteristics such as age, gender, income, and education, which help businesses understand their target markets and tailor their products and marketing strategies. Key demographic factors include age, income, education level, and location, all of which influence business decisions by guiding product design, marketing, and pricing strategies to fit customer needs. Sustainable Competitive Advantage is a long-term edge a company has over competitors, often through unique resources, strong branding, or exclusive technology, which helps maintain its market position. SCAs can include elements like brand reputation, patents, exceptional customer service, or high-quality products that create lasting customer loyalty and differentiation in the market. Task 3.10 Business Structure- The four main business structures are sole proprietorship, partnership, corporation, and limited liability company (LLC). A sole proprietorship is owned by one person who has full control but also unlimited liability for debts. A partnership involves two or more people sharing profits, losses, and responsibilities, with owners often having unlimited liability unless it's a limited liability partnership. A corporation is a more complex structure where the business is legally separate from its shareholders, offering limited liability protection but requiring formal management with directors and officers. An LLC combines the liability protection of a corporation with the tax benefits and flexibility of a partnership, making it an attractive choice for small to medium businesses.Incorporated businesses, like corporations, are separate legal entities from their owners, offering limited liability, where owners are only responsible up to their investment, protecting personal assets. Unincorporated businesses, such as sole proprietorships, lack this separation, meaning owners have unlimited liability and are personally responsible for all business debts, putting personal assets at risk. Task 3.11 Incorporation Process- Incorporation generally refers to the process of forming a legal corporation, which involves establishing a company as a separate legal entity from its owners. This legal status provides certain protections, such as limited liability for shareholders, meaning they are not personally responsible for the corporation's debts or liabilities. In a broader sense, incorporation can also refer to the act of including or integrating something as part of a whole. For example, in education or curriculum development, incorporation might mean integrating various subjects or skills into a cohesive learning experience. Task 4.1 Product Differentiation- Product differentiation is when products that are the same or similar are made to appear different and/or better than those of their competitors. Examples of factors of differentiating products are customer service, value for money, convenience, environmental issues, ethical issues, social factors and other factors. Usually businesses make out products that have a lot of differentiation however overall they’re similar or the same. Task 4.2 Social, Ethical and Environmental Factors- Businesses that don't act responsibly might lose customers or stop making profits. CSR means businesses doing the right thing not just for money. Triple bottom line is about focusing on profit, people and the planet. Google helps the environment by using renewable energy and promotes diversity at work. Green marketing is when businesses make products that are good for the environment. Government should create laws and educate the public to follow eco-friendly businesses. Task 4.3 Forms of Promotion- Promotion is to inform, persuade and remind customers about a business' products with the aim of attracting new customers by raising awareness of a particular product. Personal selling can be more personal and customised towards a consumer meaning it's built for them and they are more likely to purchase it. Having long relationships with a business and a customer is a way for the business to develop a long-term relationship that can continue and benefit both the consumer and the business. Task 4.4 Forms of Promotion- Advertising is for a large audience and can engage the mentally and emotionally making it more memorable. The different forms of advertising include print, online, TV, radio, male and sponsorships. Creating visually appealing and catchy slogans for advertising can help to gain more customers and therefore make more money. Targeting advertising towards certain age groups can help even more money be made such as the new iPhone being sold to younger people rather than old people who aren't likely to buy it. Task 4.5 Techniques used in Advertising- Informative ads aim to give clear facts about a product, like showing a phone’s features or price, while persuasive ads try to convince people to buy by appealing to emotions, such as a perfume ad that links the scent to confidence. Informative ads use straightforward language, lists, and statistics, while persuasive ads often use catchy slogans, emotional language, and celebrity endorsements. Techniques in both types include memorable slogans (like “Just Do It”), hyperbole (“The best burger ever!”), facts and figures to build trust, emotional appeal to connect with the viewer, and social proof like reviews to show popularity. Task 4.6 Gender in Advertising- Two major criticisms of some promotion strategies, relating to gender full stop one is the stereotypical image, where men usually use power tools, whilst females clean the house or care for children. secondly the overuse of sexual themes to sell products. Some ads overused sexual attractiveness. Gender stereotype is a generalised view or preconception about attributes or characteristics that should be possessed by a woman or man. Some of these misconceptions include males should be assertive, independent, strong and logical. For females it is a misconception they should be nurturing, sensitive, emotional and supportive.In 2019, the UK banned ads with harmful gender stereotypes, like suggesting men can do DIY or only women should handle child care. By removing them, the UK aims to support a quality and allow everyone to follow their interests freely.