Surveying Quiz Reviewer PDF

Surveying Quiz Reviewer Module 2: Principles and Measurements 1. Principles of Plane Surveying: - Accuracy, Precision, Orientation, Alignment, Leveling, Control, Calculation, Documentation. 2. Types of Measurements: - Direct Measurement: Directly compares quantity with a standard. - Indirec...

Surveying Quiz Reviewer Module 2: Principles and Measurements 1. Principles of Plane Surveying: - Accuracy, Precision, Orientation, Alignment, Leveling, Control, Calculation, Documentation. 2. Types of Measurements: - Direct Measurement: Directly compares quantity with a standard. - Indirect Measurement: Calculates quantity using related measurements. 3. Measurement Units: - Length Prefixes: Mega (10^6), Kilo (10^3), Milli (10^-3), etc. - Angle: Degrees and Radians (1 rad approximately 57.2958 degrees). 4. Important Formulas: - Angle in radians = Arc length / Radius. - Conversion: Degrees = Radians × (180 / pi). Module 3: Surveying Instruments and Care 1. Development of Instruments: - Astrolabe, Telescope, Transit, Plane Table, Dioptra, Roman Groma, Libella, Compass, Gunter's Chain, etc. 2. Instrument Care:  - Avoid lifting by delicate parts (e.g., telescope). - Use covers to prevent dust and moisture. - Clean and store properly after use. 3. Historical Insights: - Early methods: Peg and rope geometry, pyramids, etc. - Modern advancements: GPS, EDM, Total Stations. Module 4: Horizontal Surveying Methods 1. Surveying Methods: - Pacing: Determining distance by counting steps. - Taping: Using steel tapes; prone to errors (e.g., temperature, tension). - Stadia Method: Quick measurement using stadia intervals. 2. Tape Corrections: - Due to Temperature: CT = alpha * L * delta T. - Due to Pull: CP = ((P2 - P1) * L) / AE. - Due to Sag: CSAG = w^2 * L^3 / (24 * P^2). 3. Problem Examples: - Pace factor, tape correction, and sag correction calculations. Modules 5-6: Vertical Surveying Methods 1. Direct Leveling:  - Differential, Profile, Double Rodded, Reciprocal, and Stadia Leveling. 2. Indirect Leveling: - Trigonometric Leveling: Using angles and distances for elevation. 3. Key Definitions: - Benchmark (BM): Reference point with known/assumed elevation. - Backsight (BS) and Foresight (FS): Readings on known/unknown elevations. 4. Formulas: - HI = ELEV1 + BS, ELEV2 = HI - FS. - Trigonometric relations for inclined distances and elevations.  Surveying Enumeration Reviewer Definitions: - Surveying: The art and science of determining angular and linear measurements to establish the form, extent, and relative position of points, lines, and areas on or near the Earth's surface. Classifications of Surveying: - Plane Surveying: Earth considered flat, distances are of limited extent. - Geodetic Surveying: Accounts for the Earth's curvature, used for large areas (>250 km²). Types of Surveys: - Cadastral Surveying: Determines property boundaries and areas. - City Surveys: For urban planning and improvements. - Construction Surveys: Provides data on grades, dimensions, and ground configurations. - Forestry Surveys: For forest management and conservation. - Hydrographic Surveys: Maps water bodies and measures stream flow. - Industrial Surveys: Used in industries for precise dimensional layouts. - Mines Surveys: Determines underground excavations and geological formations. - Photogrammetric Surveys: Utilizes aerial photography for mapping. - Route Surveys: For highways, railroads, pipelines, and other linear projects. - Topographic Surveys: Determines ground shape and elevations. Applications of Surveying: - Navigation, water supply development, flood control, irrigation. - Hydroelectric power production, subaqueous constructions, recreation. Roles and Work of a Surveyor: - Field Work: Reconnaissance, measurement, establishing control points, marking positions. - Office Work: Data processing, drafting maps, quality control. - Instrument Care: Maintenance, calibration, and storage of equipment.