CO2.pptx

Philippine Fisheries(Inland) S e t t i n g a n d P r o d u c t i o n P r o fi l e AQUA 110 0: Inl and F isheries A r i e s Pa u l D. Pa d r o n Lecturer WORLD FISH PRODUCTION • Fish farming was dominated by Asia with 89% contribution to the global fish production • Biggest contributor is China...

Philippine Fisheries(Inland) S e t t i n g a n d P r o d u c t i o n P r o fi l e AQUA 110 0: Inl and F isheries A r i e s Pa u l D. Pa d r o n Lecturer WORLD FISH PRODUCTION • Fish farming was dominated by Asia with 89% contribution to the global fish production • Biggest contributor is China both in Aquaculture (57.9% of the global aquaculture) and Capture fisheries • Other major producing countries are Bangladesh, Chile, Egypt, India, Indonesia, Norway and Viet Nam SOURCE:FAO SEAWEEDS • Philippines is the 4 t h largest producer of aquatic plants (Eucheuma and Kappaphycus) • Ja pan e se Kelp (Laminaria japonica) h a s the largest production in the world MOS T CULTURED FINFISH in the WORLD 1. Carp Grass Carp, Ctenopharyngodon idellus Silver Carp, Hypophthalmichtys molitrix Common Carp, Cyprinus carpio Big head Carp, Hypophthalmichthys nobilis 2. Tilapia - Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus 3. Catfi sh - Striped Catfi sh, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus - Clarias spp. 4. Salmon - Atlantic Salmon, Salmo salar 5. Milkfi sh - C h a n o s chanos - TOP PRODUCING COUNTRY BY S P E C I E S (FAORank 2018)CARP TILAPIA SHRIMP CATFISH MILKFISH* 1 China China China Indonesia Indonesia 2 India Indonesia Indonesia Viet Nam Philippines 3 Bangladesh Egypt Viet Nam China Taiwan 4 Myanmar Bangladesh India India 5 Indonesia Brazil Bangladesh 6 Viet Nam Philippines Thailand Nigeria 7 Pakistan Viet Nam Mexico USA 8 Russia Thailand Bangladesh Thailand 9 Iran Colombia Brazil Egypt Ghana Philippines Malaysia 10 Ecuador* Cambodia Philippine Fisheries Production 26.7% 52.8% 20.5% Aquaculture Commercial Fisheries Municipal Fisheries Number of Registered Fisherfolks engaged in Fishery Activities by type of Livelihood, 2020 49.5 % 11.9 % 11.2 % 6.3 % 1.9 % 19.2 % PHILIPPINE AQUACULTURE • Aquaculture in the Philippines started with Milkfish culture in Rizal province (1863) • Species are commonly cultured in earthen ponds, concrete tanks, pens and cages (floating and submerged) • Culture system varies from extensive, semi-intensive and intensive culture • Production areas are brackishwater and freshwater ponds, lakes, rivers, dams mariculture areas and indoor • Philippines has a very diverse aquaculture in terms of species cultured. Summary of Aquaculture Production by Region and Culture Environment, 2020 (in MT) PHILIPPINE AQUACULTURE 2020 Cultured Seaweeds Milkfish Tilapia Shrimps/ Prawns Others Total Quantity (metric tons) 1,468,653.26 414,488.93 263,871.29 70,474.77 21,344.81 2,238,833.06 Percentage (%) 3.15 65.60 18.51 11.79 3.15 0.95 100.00 0.95 Seaweeds 11.79 Milkfish Tilapia 18.51 65.6 Shrimp/Prawn others TOP P R OD UCE RS BY REGION (PSA, 2019) MILKFISH Top 5 Region Quantity (MT) 116,796 1 III Central Luzon Quantity (MT) 131,486.75 97,265 2 IV-A CALABARZON 82,177.51 Central Luzon 66,960 3 I Ilocos Region 17,683.62 CALABARZON 53,227 4 V Bicol Region 10,141.80 Northern Mindanao 15,185 5 ARMM 1 I 2 VI Western Visayas 3 III 4 IV-A 5 X Ilocos Region Top 5 Luzon 253,063.99 61.74 Luzon Visayas 108,907.36 26.57 % Visayas 47,935.24 11.69 % Mindanao 409,906.59 100 % Mindanao Total TILAPIA Total Region ARMM 254,444.95 9,518.43 91.08 % 5,210.08 1.86 % 19,730.83 7.06 % 279,385.86 100 % Shrimp Production 2020 TOP VANNAMEI PRODUCING PROVINCES 2020 Sarangani 2,471.85 4,565.72 665.78 Cebu 838.51 Zambales 1,040.60 1,170.70 2,344.32 Cagayan Bohol Batangas Davao 1,658.09 del Sur 2,167.07 1,668.59 2,021.25 Negros Occidental Negros Oriental South Cotabato Philippine Shrimp prpordoudcutciotnion • Majority of the produced shrimp (92% of the production) are consumed locally • Philippines also exports shrimp to J a p a n , U S A and South Korea • Large part of the Vannamei production in the country is from independent enterprise farm and vertically integrated companies • There are about 5,654 hectares (949 farms) accredited grow-out vannamei farms but only 35% is used in semiintensive and intensive culture • In terms of harvest, 90% of the total shrimp production came from intensive farms Typesof Aquaculture System Land-based systems - earthen ponds (irrigated or flow-through), tanks and raceways Species Cultured Ponds/Tanks Milkfish P. monodon Tilapia P. vannamei Catfish Ee l in Car p Cra b Soft shell crab farming Tank-based eel farming Intensive vannamei farming in lined ponds Intensive vannamei farming in earthen ponds - Anguilla bicolor pacifica (higher demand) and -Anguilla marmorata Kuroko size for export (pencil size) – 6 months culture - Wild caught (Cagayan and Cotabato) Water-based system - cages and pens (inshore and offshore) cage - net enclosures with a bottom barrier and are installed above the natural bed or bottom of a body of water and may be fixed the bottom or kept afloat by drums, buoys or bamboo poles. Floating cage Taal Lake Submerged cage Buhi Lake Fixed cage Lake Sebu Pen - net enclosures installed around an area using the natural bed of the lake or sea as the bottom. Milkfish/Tilapia Pen Laguna Lake Milkfish Pen Panguil Bay Grouper Pen Camarines Norte Species Cultured in Pens and Cages Milkfish Tilapia Pompan o Green grouper Rabbitfish Seabas s Groupe r Lobster s FLOATING C A G E S T R U C T U R E S Bamboo only Bamboo + drums G.I. Pipe + drums HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) Milkfish Cages in river Recycling system - recirculating water, mostly indoor set-up - high control enclosed system with filtration - commonly culture species are Crabs, Shrimp, Tilapia and Catfish Integrated farming system - aquaculture integrated to plant farming and other livestock - Aquaponics, Fish-Condo system, rice-fish farming CULTURE SYS T EonM Based the degree of management and overall control A. Extensive Approach Features • Low stocking density (1-3 fish/m3) • No or very minimal artificial feeding (fish relies entirely on natural food) • Requires application of fertilizer (organic and/or inorganic) to enhance the growth of natural food • Exchange/addition of water maybe minimal Advantages • Requires less inputs • Less risk and easier to manage Disadvantages • Duration of culture maybe longer • Requires wider/bigger space to produce more fish • Fish harvested may have off flavor B. Semi-intensive Approach Features • Moderate stocking density • Requires supplementation of artificial food (partial to full feeding) • Requires application of fertilizer (organic and/or inorganic) to enhance the growth of natural food Advantage • More fish produced per unit area •Lesser risk compared to intensive Disadvantage • Fish harvested may have off flavor C. Intensive Approach Features • High stocking density • Full feeding • Controlled condition Advantages • Maximum production per unit area • Higher quality and market value of harvested fish • Not prone to natural calamities such as flood and typhoon (tank) • Bigger profit Disadvantages • Higher cost of investment because of higher inputs • Provision for mechanical aeration is required/necessity • Prone to disease infection and stress Philippine National Standard (PNS) SHRIMP AQUACULTURE GENERATION Generation 1 Generation 2 Generation 3 Generation 4 Generation 5 • Large pond (5-30 ha.) • No aeration; Dependent on Tide • 0.5-3 tons production • 1-2 ha pond area • With aeration; Supplemental feeding • 3-12 tons/ha • 0.5-1 ha pond area • More aeration • Biosecurity • Domesticated shrimp • 10-20 tons/ha • 0.2-0.5 ha pond area • 800 to 2,000 sq.m • Intensive aeration using • Total water recirculation Paddle wheels, blowers • Lined ponds using HDPE • Toilet; recirculation • Total waste capture • More control on the environment • Auto-feeder • Shorter culture period • 15-40 tons/ha • 30-60 tons/ha CURRENT AQUACULTURE TECHNOLOGY TREND R A S (Recirculating Aquaculture System) - are designed to continually filter, treat and reuse water and thus increasing operational efficiency while reducing risks from pollution and pathogens - It involves series of system components designed to accomplish mechanical filtration (removal of solids), biological filtration (nitrification), re-aeration and degassing of water and temperature control - commonly used in areas with limited water source - Species fit to this system are crabs, shrimp, tilapia and catfish IPRS – In Pond Raceway System • Super-intensive culture method that • • • • was first tried in the country using Tilapia. USSEC has worked to allow more efficient use of water resources in a pond setting by developing and extending the IPRS production technology “River in a pond” Widespread in China already, now being promoted globally Industrial scale production, can increase yield up to three times that of traditional pond culture. Biofl oc Technology Biofloc is the accumulation of primary auto and heterotrophic bacteria loosely bound by bacterial mucus. • Diatoms+Protozoans+Various Planktons+Prebiotic and Probiotic+Algae • Basic Requirement (sunlight, carbohydrate source and plenty of aeration) • Positive effects • Provide additional nutritious food source and improve feed utilization (lower FCR) • Reduce water utilization and waste generation (minimize need for water exchange) • Lower down aquaculture pollution • Best for Tilapia and Shrimp Culture • Can be done in ponds or tanks, indoor Vertical Crab Farming - use for crab fattening -Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) or Flow through system -250-300g initial ABW; 15 to 45 days fattening - 3-5% Feed rate -can be set-u p in urban areas (Artificial Brackishwater) Source: Primera Crab Farm Small Pond Intensive Shrimp Farming - - - Less than 2,000 sq.m pond area Circular elevated ponds and common pond dimension Commonly installed with H D P E pond liner Also uses smaller nursery pond (3k-5k fry stocks/cu.m for more or less 30 days) Higher stocking density (200 fry per cu.m up in grow-out pond) Innovative Production trends in Major Aquaculture species Shrimp • super intensive small farms, recirculating with biomanipulator • use of nursery pond from PL to 3-5g before transferring to grow-out ponds Crabs • indoor/vertical with recirculating systems • Farming using formulated feeds Tilapia • cage culture using floating feeds • stocking of larger fingerlings; stocking larger fry size • M o d ul a r method in cage culture (uses 2 or more cages in single M il k f i s h stocking) • high stocking in HDPE cages in Mariculture Parks; off-shore Mariculture • Milkfish nursery using micropellets ready for cage culture (25-50g) Major Aquaculture Challenges Industry in • Inconsistency of fry supply • Availability of good quality fry • Dependency on imported fry and raw materials for feeds • High production cost • Low value addition • Low export volume • Low production volume of high value species • High investment capital • Disease outbreaks • Natural calamities SOME AQUACULTURE INNOVATIONS • Shrimp Disease Detection Kit (The Juan Amplification - JAmp) - Developed by UST - 2nd Place in Creative Research Category (Likha Award) of the NICE (2016) • Crabifier - a crab species identifier App - developed by DLSU College of Computer Studies • Automated Lab-lab harvester - DOST project • Juan Algae Paste - UP Visayas • Aquashade Technology • Induced Molting through Melatonin Immersion Priorities for Future Technology Innovation in Aquaculture (Global Conference on Aquaculture) 1.Complete independence from natural stocks through DOMESTICATION 2.Improved/more cost-effective SEED PRODUCTION 3.Better targeted SPECIES SELECTION 4.Development of more efficient stocks through SELECTIVE BREEDING 5.More MICROBIAL MANAGEMENT for more sustainable production 6.Better understanding of IMMUNE SYSTEMS in vertebrates and invertebrates 7. More INTEGRATED PRODUCTION SYSTEMS for plant and animal farming 8. COASTAL OFF-SHORE FARMS of food and energy 9.Full independence from fisheries stocks for LIPID AND PROTEIN INGREDIENTS in aquatic feeds 10.More attention for INTEGRATION of restocking activities with FISHERIES management • • • • • • • • • • • FUTURE O F AQUACULTURE Offshore Mariculture parks Indoor RAS Aquaculture Smart farms Effective recirculating systems Utilization of algae Value-adding Disease management Diagnostic test kits IOT (aquaculture app) Effective raw materials substitution Additional species for culture THANK YOU!