CO1_A.pptx

AQUA 1100 Lecture INLAND FISHERIES ARIES PAUL D. PADRON LECTURER INLAND FISHERIE Inland fisheries are "any activity conducted to extract fish and other aquatic organisms from inland waters”. Capture fisheries in inland waters have long provided an important source of food for mankind. They are c...

AQUA 1100 Lecture INLAND FISHERIES ARIES PAUL D. PADRON LECTURER INLAND FISHERIE Inland fisheries are "any activity conducted to extract fish and other aquatic organisms from inland waters”. Capture fisheries in inland waters have long provided an important source of food for mankind. They are critical for a subset of countries in the world, providing an important source of nutrition, food security as well as micro-nutrients. Inland fisheries are under increasing pressure and threats arising from far reaching changes to the aquatic environment arising from human activities such as damming, navigation, wetland reclamation for agriculture, urbanization, water extraction Capture Fishery AQUATIC RESOURCES MANAGEMENT FISHERI ES AQUACULTURE POST HARVEST Capture Fishery Capture fisheries refer to the harvesting of fish and other aquatic organisms from their natural habitats, such as oceans, seas, rivers, lakes, and other bodies of water AQUATIC RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Refers to the comprehensive and sustainable management of aquatic ecosystems, including freshwater and marine environments, to ensure the responsible use of aquatic resources while maintaining the health and integrity of these ecosystems. AQUACULTURE Referred to as fish farming, is the controlled cultivation and production of aquatic organisms in various aquatic environments such as ponds, tanks, cages, or open water bodies. POST HARVEST Refers to the activities and processes that take place after aquatic organisms, such as fish and shellfish, are harvested from their natural habitats or aquaculture facilities. Aquaculture INLAND FISHERIES Capture Fishery Importance for food security and nutritional role • Small-scale inland fisheries catch tends to be directed for local human consumption and plays an important direct role in food security (note the exception with the African, small, inlandpelagic fish). • Ecosystem services from freshwater environments and inland capture fisheries influence human well-being by alleviating poverty and contributing to food and livelihood security. • At least 43 percent of the world’s inland fish capture harvest comes from 50 low-income food deficit countries (LIFDCs). At least 11 percent of global inland fishery production comes from landlocked countries. Importance for food security and nutritional role • Inland fish provides nutritional quality to countries where there are otherwise poor diets, due to poverty and limited access to other forms of quality food. • Inland fisheries are efficient producer of food, with a far lower resource use footprint when compared with livestock or other protein dense foods. • In low GDP countries with inland fisheries, the per capita supply of fish food produced from inland waters is greater than that of marine capture fisheries or aquaculture. Importance for livelihoods, decent work and resilience • The economic value of inland freshwater fisheries catches (as reported to FAO) is estimated to be approximately USD 26 billion. • The major contributions to this come from Asia (66 percent) and Africa (22 percent). • It is acknowledged that a significant proportion of the inland catch is “hidden” and therefore undocumented. • If this hidden component is included in the valuation, the estimated total use value of inland freshwater fisheries rises to USD 39 billion. The additional non-market use value (NMUV) of recreational fishing is estimated between USD 65-79 billion. Importance for livelihoods, decent work and resilience • Inland capture fisheries employ between 16.8 million and 20.7 million people, with a further 8 million to 38 million employed in the post-harvest sector. • This represents about 2.5 percent to 6 percent of the global agricultural workforce. Women’s engagement in inland fisheries is often invisible although they play a significant role in many fisheries. • Women represent more than 50 percent of the workforce in inland fisheries. Although often narrowly associated with postharvest processing and marketing activity, women also engage in fishing in many countries. Aquatic biodiversity and inland fisheries • Freshwaters are one of the ecosystems most heavily affected by human activity. Major impacts on biodiversity include pollution, habitat loss and degradation, draining wetlands, river fragmentation and poor land-management. • Biodiversity of fish can and does serve as indicators of ecosystem health. • Freshwater biodiversity is threatened and has declined in many areas as a result of these impacts. Aquatic biodiversity and inland fisheries • Aquatic ecosystems (inland and marine) represent the most biodiverse sources of food consumed by humans. This includes vascular plants and algae, and animals such as crustaceans, molluscs, reptiles, amphibians and finfish. • Freshwater ecosystems cover only about 1 percent of the earth’s surface, but provide habitat for over 40 percent (13 000) of the world’s freshwater fish species. Another 2 000 species of fish can also live in brackishwater. • The neotropical regions contain the highest amounts of fish biodiversity and the tropical and subtropical floodplain rivers and wetlands are the ecoregions with the highest levels of Aquatic biodiversity and inland fisheries • Rice fields are an important source of biodiversity and include over 200 species of fish, insects, crustaceans, molluscs, reptiles, amphibians and plants (in addition to rice) that are used by local communities. • Many freshwater species are important to the aquaculture industry as sources of broodstock for spawning and early life history stages (e.g. eggs, larvae) for ongrowing. Non-native aquatic species can contribute significantly to the production and value in inland fisheries and aquaculture.