CN-111-01-An-Introduction-to-the-Human-Body.ppt

Anatomy & Physiology An Introduction to the Human Body Instructor: Peter M. Maintang Introduction The purpose of this discussion is to: 1. Introduce the disciplines of anatomy and physiology. 2. Discuss the organization of the human body. 3. Reveal sha...

Anatomy & Physiology An Introduction to the Human Body Instructor: Peter M. Maintang Introduction The purpose of this discussion is to: 1. Introduce the disciplines of anatomy and physiology. 2. Discuss the organization of the human body. 3. Reveal shared properties of all living things. 4. Discuss the concept of homeostasis. Anatomy vs. Physiology Anatomy is the study of structure whereas physiology is the study of how body structures function. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Levels of Structural Organization & Body Systems Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Systems of the Human Body Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Systems of the Human Body Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Systems of the Human Body Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Systems of the Human Body Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Systems of the Human Body Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Systems of the Human Body Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Clinical Connection: Noninvasive Diagnostic Techniques Palpation, auscultation, and percussion are used to assess certain aspects of body structure and function. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Basic Life Processes  All living things have certain characteristics that distinguish them from nonliving things.  Life processes in humans include metabolism, responsiveness, movement, growth, differentiation, and reproduction. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Clinical Connection: Autopsy  An autopsy is a postmortem examination of the body and dissection of its internal organs to confirm or determine cause of death. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Homeostasis  Homeostasis is a condition of equilibrium, or balance, in the body’s internal environment.  Homeostasis is maintained by regulatory processes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Homeostasis & Body Fluids  The survival of our body cells is dependent on the precise regulation of the chemical composition of their surrounding fluid.  This fluid is known as extracellular fluid. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Homeostasis Interactions Animation:  Communication, Regulation, an d Homeostasis Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Control of Homeostasis Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Control of Homeostasis: Negative Feedback Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Control of Homeostasis: Positive Feedback Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Homeostatic Imbalances When homeostasis is disrupted disease, disorder, and even death may result. symptoms = subjective changes signs = objective changes Epidemiology – deals with why, when, and where diseases occur and how they are transmitted among individuals in a community. Pharmacology – deals with the effects and uses of drugs in the treatment of disease. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Basic Anatomical Terminology  Body positions  Regional names  Directional terms  Planes and sections  Body cavities Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Body Positions  Anatomical position is a standardized method of observing or imaging the body that allows precise and consistent anatomical reference.  Person stands erect, facing the observer, the upper extremities are places at the sides, the palms of the hands are turned forward, and the feet are flat on the floor. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Body Positions Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Regional Names Regional names are names given to specific regions of the body for reference. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Directional Terms Directional terms are used to precisely locate one part of the body relative to another. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Planes & Sections Planes are imaginary flat surfaces that are used to divide the body. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Practicing Planes & Sections Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Body Cavities Body cavities are spaces within the body that help protect, separate, and support internal organs. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Thoracic Cavity Serous Membranes The pericardium and pleura cover the heart and lungs, respectively. The thoracic cavity contains three smaller cavities and the mediastinum. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Thoracic Cavity Serous Membranes Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Abdominal Cavity Serous Membrane  The peritoneum, covers many of the abdominal organs.  The visceral membrane covers the organs.  The parietal layer lines the abdominal wall.  The abdominopelvic cavity extends from the diaphragm to the groin. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Abdominopelvic Regions & Quadrants  The abdominal cavity can be divided into 9 regions to easily describe the location of organs.  The 9-region designation is used for anatomical studies; the quadrant designation is used to locate the site of pain, tumors, or some other abnormality. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Imaging  Medical imaging involves techniques that allow physicians to view images of the human body.  This allows physicians to diagnose anatomical and physiological abnormalities. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Imaging Procedures Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Imaging Procedures Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Imaging Procedures Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Imaging Procedures Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Imaging Procedures Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Imaging Procedures Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. References: Tortora, G. (2017). Tortora’s Principles of Anatomy and Physiology. Global edition. Marieb, E. (2016). Essential of Human anatomy and physiology. 11th Edition. Singapore: Pearson education South Asia. VanPutte, C. (2016). Seeley's Essentials of Anatomy & Physiology. 9th Ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Education. Rizzo, D. (2016). Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology. 4th Edition. Andover: Cengage Learning. Resources for OpenStax. Physiology and pathology. Attributions provided by Creative Commons. https://openstaxcollege.org/textbooks/physiology/adapt Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.