CM 1 The Foundation and Expansion of the United States of America PDF

L1 American Studies A. Tadjer  Course presentation This course is composed of the CM and the TD Moodle code: fcbe33 DO NOT TAKE PICTURES OF THE SLIDES, THEY ARE POSTED ON MOODLE Evaluation: Final exam (on both the CM and the TD) Definitions followed b...

L1 American Studies A. Tadjer  Course presentation This course is composed of the CM and the TD Moodle code: fcbe33 DO NOT TAKE PICTURES OF THE SLIDES, THEY ARE POSTED ON MOODLE Evaluation: Final exam (on both the CM and the TD) Definitions followed by an asterisk (*) will have to be known for the exam Themes: Understanding the place CM#1: The Foundation and Expansion of the United States of America CM#2: The regions of the United States Understanding power Understanding the people Understanding the U.S. in the world The Foundation and Expansion of the United States of America  Motives behind English colonization of the “New World” Profit-making (Spanish discovery of gold and silver) Religious freedom The English colonization of North America began with the settlement of Jamestown (in what became the colony of Virginia) in 1607 The land was granted to the Virginia Company (joint-stock company) by King James I As they didn’t find any, they turned to the cultivation of tobacco joint-stock company: company owned by its The labor on tobacco plantations was shareholders (investors) mostly performed by indentured servants before they were replaced by African indentured servants*: people who paid off slaves in the late 17th century their passage to America by working for 3 to 7 years for a plantation owner  Like Virginia, the other southern colonies became plantation colonies Maryland (1634): tobacco North Carolina (1663): tobacco, rice and indigo South Carolina (1663): rice and indigo Georgia (1732): rice and indigo  Dissatisfaction with the Church of England and persecution led to the establishment of the first two New England colonies Plymouth was established in 1620 by a group of separatists famously known as the Pilgrims It became part of the Massachusetts Bay colony in 1691 In 1630, a group of Puritans settled in what became the Massachusetts Bay colony Although Puritans sought religious freedom, they were not tolerant of other religions or religious practices and beliefs  Other New England colonies: Connecticut (1636) Rhode Island (1636) Founded on the principle of religious tolerance (like Pennsylvania) New Hampshire (1638) The Middle Colonies included New York (initially founded by the Dutch in 1624 as New Netherland, it became an English colony in 1664) New Jersey (part of New Netherland, it became a separate English colony in 1664) Pennsylvania (1681) Delaware (founded by the Swedes in 1638, it became an English colony in 1664)  When the 13 colonies declared their independence from Great Britain in 1776, they became states of the United States of America At the end of the Revolutionary War, Great Britain ceded the Northwest Territory to the United States through the Treaty of Paris (1783) 5 states and the eastern part of Minnesota were carved out of this territory  In 1803, President Thomas Jefferson purchased the Louisiana Territory from the French, which more than doubled the size of the United States 15 states were at least partially formed from the Louisiana territory (between 1812 and 1890)  “Manifest Destiny” John L. Sullivan (1845) The colonization of the West continued with the annexation of Texas in 1845 Territory belonging to Mexico and won by the Texians (Americans established in Texas) at the outset of the Texas Revolution (1834- 1836) Independent republic (Lone Star Republic) until the annexation of Texas by the U.S. government Manifest Destiny*: a phrase used to refer to the 19th century “American belief in the God- given mission of the United States to lead the world in the peaceful transition to democracy”. (The American Yawp)  In 1846, the United States acquired the Oregon Territory from the British Oregon, Washington and Idaho Parts of Montana and Wyoming At the end of the Mexican- American War in 1848, the United States acquired territory from which were carved The present-day states of California, Nevada and Utah Most of Arizona Parts of New Mexico, Colorado and Wyoming  1845: The U.S. admitted Florida: its last state on the eastern seaboard 1867: the U.S. purchased Alaska from the Russians 1898: the U.S. annexed Hawaii Alaska and Hawaii did not become states until 1959 The U.S. also possesses territories in the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean Under the authority of the U.S. federal government but do not have a government of their own