Classifying Matter and Atomic Theory COMPLETE GUIDE PDF

9/24/24, 10:07 PM Classifying Matter and Atomic Theory- COMPLETE GUIDE Flashcards | Quizlet Realistic practice tests tailored to your course. Try Practice Tests Unit 2 Chemistry Quizlets...

9/24/24, 10:07 PM Classifying Matter and Atomic Theory- COMPLETE GUIDE Flashcards | Quizlet Realistic practice tests tailored to your course. Try Practice Tests Unit 2 Chemistry Quizlets Saved Classifying Matter and Atomic Theory- COMPLETE GUIDE Terms in this set (113) Pt Plantinum Te Tellurium Ba Barium Ge Germanium Rh Rhodium Ag Silver Cl Chlorine Ni Nickel Ra Radium Re Rhenium Ta Tantalum Rn Radon Cd Cadmium Nb Niobium Ru Ruthenium Pd Palladium B Boron At Astatine https://quizlet.com/947577058/classifying-matter-and-atomic-theory-complete-guide-flash-cards/ 1/10 9/24/24, 10:07 PM Classifying Matter and Atomic Theory- COMPLETE GUIDE Flashcards | Quizlet Ir Iridium Os Osmium Rb Rubidium Sb Antimony In Indium Cs Cesium Kr Krypton Sr Strontium Y Yttrium Mo Molybdenum P Phosphorus Sc Scandium V Vanadium Be Beryllium Po Polonium Tl (thats an L after the T) Thallium U Uranium W Tungsten Au Gold Hg Mercury Pb Lead Bi Bismuth Fr Francium Li Lithium C Carbon H Hydrogen https://quizlet.com/947577058/classifying-matter-and-atomic-theory-complete-guide-flash-cards/ 2/10 9/24/24, 10:07 PM Classifying Matter and Atomic Theory- COMPLETE GUIDE Flashcards | Quizlet He Helium I iodine Hf Hafnium Ga Gallium As Arsenic Br Bromine Zr Zirconium N Nitrogen O Oxygen F Fluorine Ne Neon Na Sodium Mg Magnesium Al (British Spelling) Aluminium Si Silicon S (Think S is for Stinky S_____) Sulfur Ar Argon K Potassium Ti Titanium Cr Chromium Fe Iron Co Cobalt Cu Copper Zn Zinc Sn Tin Xe Xenon https://quizlet.com/947577058/classifying-matter-and-atomic-theory-complete-guide-flash-cards/ 3/10 9/24/24, 10:07 PM Classifying Matter and Atomic Theory- COMPLETE GUIDE Flashcards | Quizlet Se Selenium Tc Technetium Ca Calcium Mn Maganese Amount of energy needed to pull the highest energy level ionization energy off of the atom. Group 17's name Halogens Group 17's Oxidation # -1 Group 16's Oxidation # -2 Zinc's Oxidation # +2 Group 2's Name Alkai Earth Metals Group 2's Oxidation # +2 Group 1's name Akali Metals Group 1's oxidation # +1 Atoms are neutral (they contain the same number of What is the difference protons, as electrons (and of course, electrons). Whereas, between an atom and an in an effort to acquire a full octet (or duplet, in rare cases of ion? elements with smaller atomic numbers), they either lose or gain electrons. Elements: pure substances which are composed of only one type of atom Elements vs. Compounds Compounds: Substances which are formed by two or more different types of atoms in a chemically fixed ratio https://quizlet.com/947577058/classifying-matter-and-atomic-theory-complete-guide-flash-cards/ 4/10 9/24/24, 10:07 PM Classifying Matter and Atomic Theory- COMPLETE GUIDE Flashcards | Quizlet Physical Properties: can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance. For example; colour, density, hardness, and melting/boiling point. Physical Properties vs. Chemical Properties Chemical Properties: describes the ability of a substance to undergo a specific chemical change. For example; Flammability and corrosion/oxidation λ=c/ν Formula to find the wave lenght Wave Lenght(in meters) = speed of light/ frequency Answer: Larger atomic radius → Smaller amount of energy. Smaller atomic radius → Larger amount of energy. The larger the atomic radius is, the _________ the amount of Explanation: The closer that the electron is to the nucleolus ionzation energy. Why is (the smaller the radius is), the higher the force of attraction, this? and thus the higher the energy required to overcome this attraction and remove the electron. Atomic Radii Size of an atom ν=c/λ Formula to find Frequency frequency (in Hz) =speed of light/ wavelength (in meters) E=hν What is the formula for Energy (in Joules)= Planks constant × Frequency energy? Energy (in Joules)=6.6E⁻³⁴ × Frequency What is the c value mean? C is equal to the speed of light (For example in the formula c=λ×ν). What is it equal to?-- C= 3.0E⁸ meters/second Give your number in scientific notation, with two sigfigs https://quizlet.com/947577058/classifying-matter-and-atomic-theory-complete-guide-flash-cards/ 5/10 9/24/24, 10:07 PM Classifying Matter and Atomic Theory- COMPLETE GUIDE Flashcards | Quizlet Extensive property: a property that depends on the amount of matter in a sample. Ex. Mass/Volume Extensive Property Vs. Intensive Property Intensive property: a property of matter that depends on the type not the amount. Modern atomic theory. Mathematical model that describes 90% probability orbitals. The best we can do is use the Shroedinger's Equation probablity to descibe where elecrons are most likley to be found. Defintion: with oribtals of the same energy, single electrons occupy each orbital before they pair up. Think about it like; if there are 10 lab desks in the Hund's Rule classroom, each desk has two seats and can have two people working on one desk. If the class has 20 studnets. As the first 10 enter the class they will go to their own desk. Once the 11th student comes in, they will go to a desk where there is already one student. Heisenburg Uncertainty Says that it is impossible to know both the location and Principle direction of an electron. (Proves the Bohr Model wrong) What is Nitrogen and -3 Phosphorus oxidation number? (They share the same oxidation number) Cations: →poistively charged ions →akali and akaline are ALWAYS cantions What are the two different →most metals are cations types of ions? How do they differ? Anions: →negatively charged ions →halogens ALWAYS form anions →non metals typically form anions https://quizlet.com/947577058/classifying-matter-and-atomic-theory-complete-guide-flash-cards/ 6/10 9/24/24, 10:07 PM Classifying Matter and Atomic Theory- COMPLETE GUIDE Flashcards | Quizlet It is equal to the # of electrons in outer shell. SO if you find the sum of the # of electrons in the S and P group, you will How do you find the number get the # of valence electrons. If there is not any P group in of valence electrons? the same number (layer) as the highest number of S's, then you will just use the S number only. Octate rule= #s will not be greater than 8. S sublevel: 1 2/2=1 P sublevel: 3 What is the maximum 6/2=3 [S,P,D,F] orbitals in any single D sublevel: 5 energy level in an atom? (ex. 10/2=5 in the s sublevel there are ___ F sublevel: 7 orbtials, and in the P there 14/2=7 are _____, etc.) Note: Divide the largest number of electrons in each group, and then divide by two. Because each orbital can accomdate a max of two orbitals according to Pauli's Exclusion Principle. What atom has the following Answer: Potassium electron configuration? Explation: [1s², 2s²,2p⁶,3s²,3p⁶,4s¹]→→2+2+6+2+6+1=19 [1s², 2s²,2p⁶,3s²,3p⁶,4s¹] Potassium has 19 protons. Answer: Neon The electron configuration Explation: Oxygens atomic number is 8. Meaning its of the oxygen ion is the elements electron configuration is 1s²,2s²,2p⁴. If we know same as which element? ions always have 8 valence electrons, we know that the How do you know? ions electron configuration is 1s²,2s²,2p⁶. The sum equates to 10 (2+2+6), and the atomic number of Neon is 10. Which means Neon is a noble gas. https://quizlet.com/947577058/classifying-matter-and-atomic-theory-complete-guide-flash-cards/ 7/10 9/24/24, 10:07 PM Classifying Matter and Atomic Theory- COMPLETE GUIDE Flashcards | Quizlet Answer: →Group 1/Akali metals →Group 17/Halogens Which two groups are considered most reactive Explanation: and why? (For the groups, The number of electrons in the outermost shell (Valence give the name and the group electrons) of an atom determines its reactivity. Halogens number.) are regularly gaining while Akali are losing an electron to fill the outermost shell. Group One's oxidation number is -1 while Group 17 is +1. Because it only takes one electron to throw them off, they are considered the most reactive. Answer: 8 What is the maximum number of electrons in the Reasoning: 2nd sublevel → s and p. S is to the power of ² 2nd prinicpal level? while p is to the power of ⁶. Therefore the greatest number must be 8 (sum of 2 and 6) Element X gains one -1 electron. What is its oxidation number? 1st principal level: →one sublevel →(one S) 2nd principal level: How many sub-lebels are in →two sublevels each prinicpal energy level? →(s and p) Give the letters associated 3rd principal level: with each. →three sublevels →(s,p, and d) 4th principal level: →four sublevels →(s,p,d, and f) An ion of zinc has how many 28. electrons? Hint: Zinc's atomic number is Zinc has a +2 oxidation number, and its atomic number is 30. 30. The difference of 30 and 2 is 28. https://quizlet.com/947577058/classifying-matter-and-atomic-theory-complete-guide-flash-cards/ 8/10 9/24/24, 10:07 PM Classifying Matter and Atomic Theory- COMPLETE GUIDE Flashcards | Quizlet Answer: An Oxygen Ion. I have 8 protons, 8 neutrons, Explanation: Oxygen atomic number is 8, meaning the and 10 electrons. What am I? proton and neutron number is 8. Since there is an uneven amount of electrons to protons, we know it can not be an Hint: Oxygens atomic atom. Because the numbers equate to 8 valence electrons number is 8. (2s², 2p⁶), we can say it is an Oxygen Ion, with great certanity. The principal quantum the energy level number indicates what property of an electron? Aluminium's Oxidation +3 Number electrons first fill subshells of the lowest available energy. Aufbau's Principle states that... (in simplier words electrons go from low to high) Atomic number: 7 Look at the orbital box diagram. Write the Explanation: In the box, we have a corrosponding atomic full set of orbtials for the two S's. number for that electron But the P box only has three coniguration. If box doesnt arrows. This means the electron show; There are two arrows configuration would be 1s², 2s²,2p³. on the first s group, two The sum of (2+2+3) is 7. If you arrows on the second s know your periodic table, you would group, and then 3 arrows on know this is Nitrogen, which has an the first P group. atomic number of 7. https://quizlet.com/947577058/classifying-matter-and-atomic-theory-complete-guide-flash-cards/ 9/10 9/24/24, 10:07 PM Classifying Matter and Atomic Theory- COMPLETE GUIDE Flashcards | Quizlet How would you make an ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓↑↓↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓↑↑ orbital box diagram for the following electron configuration; 1s²,2s²,2p⁶, 3s²,3p⁴. For your diagram you can copy and paste these arrows because it's on Quizlet don't worry about the actual boxes; instead, just put a space between each subgroup. Arrow up: ↑ Arrow down: ↓ https://quizlet.com/947577058/classifying-matter-and-atomic-theory-complete-guide-flash-cards/ 10/10