Civil War Lead-Up Quiz Study Guide PDF

Study Guide- Civil War Lead-Up Quiz ​ Missouri Compromise 👍 ​ Economics of Slavery 👍 ​ Underground Railroad 👍 ​ Compromise of 1850 👍 ​ Popular Sovereignty 👍 ​ Kansas-Nebraska Act & "Bleeding Kansas" 👍 👍 ​ Dred Scott ​ John Brown 👍...

Study Guide- Civil War Lead-Up Quiz ​ Missouri Compromise 👍 ​ Economics of Slavery 👍 ​ Underground Railroad 👍 ​ Compromise of 1850 👍 ​ Popular Sovereignty 👍 ​ Kansas-Nebraska Act & "Bleeding Kansas" 👍 👍 ​ Dred Scott ​ John Brown 👍 ​ Election of 1860 and Abraham Lincoln Missouri Compromise (1820) ​ Missouri wanted to join as a slave state, at the time there were 22 states, if it joined it would create unequal or unbalanced states giving slave states more power. ​ The solution 1, Missouri entered as a slave state; Maine entered as a free state to maintain balance in Congress. ​ The solution 2, Congress decided to draw an imaginary line to divide the free territory from slave territory. ​ Below the line, Slavery was allowed and above the line Slavery was prohibited. ​ Slavery prohibited north of the 36°30' latitude line in the Louisiana Purchase territory (except Missouri). ​ Highlighted tensions over slavery's expansion. Economics of Slavery ​ Both South and North slaves valued more than everything except Real Estate. ​ Southern economy relied on agriculture, especially cotton, which required a large enslaved labor force. ​ Southern farmers wanted land and the ability to use inexpensive labor (slaves). ​ Northern economy was industrialized and less dependent on slavery. ​ “King Cotton” was an expression used to suggest that cotton was profitable enough to support the entire southern economy. ​ Disparities in economic interests deepened sectional divides. ​ The North had a significantly more developed industrial economy focused on manufacturing.  ​ South relied heavily on an agricultural economy based on plantation farming, largely dependent on slave labor Underground Railroad ​ Ways of escape for thousands of enslaved people from slave states to a free area. ( from South to North). They were provided with food, clothes and safe locations. ​ A network of secret routes and safe houses helping enslaved people escape to free states and Canada. ​ Key figures: Harriet Tubman, who led many to freedom, earning the nickname "Moses." ​ Anti- Slavery movement: ​ Uncle Tom’s Cabin: A novel by Harriet Beecher Stowe that powerfully depicted the horrors of slavery and helped galvanize public opinion against the institution. The book's widespread impact is credited with contributing to the growing anti-slavery movement. ​ Frederick Dougls: A prominent African American abolitionist who escaped slavery and became a leading voice for freedom. He spoke out against slavery through his powerful speeches and writings, advocating for equal rights for African Americans. ​ Symbolized active resistance to slavery. Two ways slaves escaped slave owners: ​ Running away: Slaves often escaped to freedom, sometimes with the help of the Underground Railroad. They would seek refuge in free states or British territories. ​ Slowing down work: Slaves would use subtle methods like faking illness, working slowly, or sabotaging work to resist their masters' demands for maximum productivity. They would also damage tools or equipment. Argument made by slaveholders: ​ Slaves as property: Slaveholders often argued that enslaved people were their property and had no right to freedom. They would use the Bible and other sources to justify their ownership. They also argued that slavery was beneficial for the economy and society, as it provided slaves with care and a way of life. ​ Racial inferiority: Some slaveholders argued that African Americans were biologically inferior to whites, making slavery a natural and necessary institution. Compromise of 1850 ​ California is admitted as a free state. ​ Fugitive Slave Act strengthened, requiring the return of escaped slaves. This act required citizens to help capture runaway slaves, even in free states. It also denied enslaved people the right to a jury trial. ​ Texas-New Mexico border: The compromise established the border between Texas and the United States, making New Mexico a recognized territory.  ​ District of Columbia: The slave trade was abolished in Washington, D.C. ​ Utah and New Mexico: Territorial governments were established for these territories. ​ Popular sovereignty allowed territories (e.g., Utah and New Mexico) to decide on slavery. ​ Slave trade (but not slavery) abolished in Washington, D.C. Popular Sovereignty ​ Policy allowing residents of territories to decide whether to allow slavery. ​ Introduced in the Compromise of 1850 and Kansas-Nebraska Act. ​ Led to violent conflict in Kansas ("Bleeding Kansas"). Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) & "Bleeding Kansas" ​ Repealed the Missouri Compromise by allowing popular sovereignty in Kansas and Nebraska. ​ Pro- and anti-slavery settlers clashed in Kansas, leading to violence and the nickname "Bleeding Kansas." ​ Strengthened divisions between North and South. ​ Stephen Douglas proposed that the territory west of Iowa and Missouri be organized into two separate territories to be named Kansas and Nebraska. ​ Douglas knew that Southerners would not agree to allow settlement in those territories if the land could only become free states. ​ Douglas accepted the South’s request to completely repeal the Missouri Compromise. Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) ​ The Supreme Court ruled that African Americans were not U.S. citizens and had no rights. ​ Declared the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional, allowing slavery in all territories. ​ Intensified abolitionist sentiment in the North. ​ They held that Scott (and people of African descent) was not a citizen of the United States and therefore had no right to sue in court ​ 2. They also ruled that he was not free just because he lived in a free territory—slaves we property ​ 3. Most important: The court declared that the FEDERAL GOVERNMENT could not make laws outlawing slavery in the territories. Thus, the Missouri Compromise and the idea of popular sovereignty in the states were unconstitutional. SLAVERY COULD NOT BE OUTLAWED IN US TERRITORIES. John Brown ​ Radical abolitionist who believed in armed resistance to slavery. ​ Led the Pottawatomie Massacre during "Bleeding Kansas." ​ His raid on Harpers Ferry (1859) aimed to incite a slave rebellion but failed, leading to his execution.  ​ Brown believed that the Founding Fathers did not intend America to perpetuate slavery beyond their own time and place. ​ He believed the Constitution did not protect the extension of slavery into the territories of the West. ​ Election of 1860 and Abraham Lincoln ​ Abraham Lincoln (Republican) won the presidency on an anti-slavery expansion platform. ​ Southern states viewed his election as a threat to slavery and began seceding from the Union. ​ Sparked the beginning of the Civil War.