Child With Cancer Session Part II Handbook PDF

Chap 53 The Child with Cance Mrs. Danielle Damianos, MSN, R Clinical Instructor  PART II: Lymphomas and Solid Tumors  Hodgkin’s lymphoma Lack B and T lymphocyte markers => Can’t produce immunoglobulins Non functioning large macrophages => Reed-Sternberg cells Mostly t...

Chap 53 The Child with Cance Mrs. Danielle Damianos, MSN, R Clinical Instructor  PART II: Lymphomas and Solid Tumors  Hodgkin’s lymphoma Lack B and T lymphocyte markers => Can’t produce immunoglobulins Non functioning large macrophages => Reed-Sternberg cells Mostly teenagers & young adults Painless enlarged cervical node Anorexia, malaise, night sweats, weight loss and fever Spread through lymph system Metastasis => lung, liver and bone marrow  Hodgkin’s lymphoma Confirmed by biopsy CT scan for staging Chemotherapy Stage I and Stage II => 90% cure Stage III and Stage IV => 60-90% cure A relapse is even retreatable  Non- Hodgkin’s lymphoma Malignant disorder of lymphocytes Spread by blood Mostly lymph glands of neck and chest 5 to 15 years i r u s Mediastinal mass n i c v og e Cough from tightness in chestOnc b o ne Abdominal pain from mass o u s t o l og w spread to CNS Au r r o ma Treatment like ALL  Burkitt’s lymphoma Non Hodgkin’s Mostly in children (2-14yrs, peak 7yrs) Related to Epstein-Barr (mononucleosis) Rapid growing Double every 24 hours  High response to chemo Surgery Chemo si s r Ly m o Tu  Neoplasms of the brain Second most common form in children Most common solid tumor form Peak incidence 5 years Usually midline in brain stem or cerebellum Cause compression of ventricles, or paralysis of cranial nerves  Neoplasms of the brain ns and Symptoms intracranial pressure => headache, vision changes, vomitin enlarged head circumference, papillede Morning headache – position changes – straining- occipital p Morning vomiting - no nausea- recovers easily- then projectile Diplopia or strabismus Cranial nerve paralysis, ataxia, seizures, personality change to 6 months until localized symptoms P => herniate into spinal cord  Neoplasms of the brain atment urgery adiation hemotherapy (cross blood brain barrier) njection into ventricle May have long term neurological and pituitary dysfunction  Bone Tumors Osteosarcoma Ewing’s The diaphysis The Epiphysis  Bone Tumors Osteosarcoma Ewing’s Tall for age (adolescent) Young adolescent Long bones and older school age Metastasis due to Short bones vascular system in bones => to Lungs Metastasis occur Pain, swelling and early => Lungs fracture and Bones Severe pain Biopsy  Bone Tumors Osteosarcoma Ewing’s Chemo to shrink tumor Remove tumor Surgery to remove, Radiation amputate Chemotherapy Limb salvage procedure 50% of children surviv least 5 years 70% cure Video 1: Limp Salvage Procedure Older => better surviv https://www.ypo.education/orthopaedics/ general/limb-salvage-surgery-t217/video/  Neuroblastoma From sympathetic NS They are vascular tumors Highly invasive into abdomen, adrenals, spinal ganglia Infants and preschooler Detected by ultrasound or at birth Associated with Alcohol, smoking, marijuana  Neuroblastoma Adrenals Compression – sweating, flushing, hypertension Spinal Compression – Motor disabilities Treatment – removal, chemo, bone marrow transplantation, immunotherapy Positive response in the beginning => recurrence within first year Good prognosis before 1 yr.  Rhabdomyosarcoma Tumor of muscle From tissue forming muscles, connective, and blood vessels 2 to 6 years (2nd peak during puberty) Eye orbit, sinuses, uterus, prostate, bladder, arms and legs.  Rhabdomyosarcoma Surgery & Chemo. 80% cure With incomplete removal, high rate of recurrence  Wilm’s Tumor Upper kidney Occurs with congenital anomalies 6 months to 5 years Felt as abdominal mass Anemia from lack of RBC formation Hypertension excessive renin production CT scan Surgery and chemo or radiotherapy 90% cure  Retinoblastoma Malignant tumor of the retina of the eye Rare 1% to 3% of childhood malignancies 10% inherited autosomal (alteration Chromosome 13) Dominant inheritance 90% chance parent will pass on to child 6 weeks of age  Retinoblastoma Absent red reflex (white eyes) Metastasis along optic nerve, second eye, brain Cryosurgery (freezing the tumor) Laser Nucleation of the eye Eye prosthesis 90% Cure  Grief reaction eglect of well children Guilt Psychosoci al issues Permission to express Family dysfunction emotions both child and parents Video 2: A Day in the life of a pediatric oncology hematology nurse https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=9grGuD7-ZLM