ChemMath Day 1 to Dimensional Analysis.pptm

Group 1 - Table 1 Lab Role Group 5 - Table 5 Lab Role Exantus, Joshua C. SD Ennis, Alixandra L. SD Kilburn, Audrina TM Reyes, Ariana A. TM Alcantara, Stephanie FM Galvez, Maybely Y. FM Sanchez, Victor M. MM Briand, Coope...

Group 1 - Table 1 Lab Role Group 5 - Table 5 Lab Role Exantus, Joshua C. SD Ennis, Alixandra L. SD Kilburn, Audrina TM Reyes, Ariana A. TM Alcantara, Stephanie FM Galvez, Maybely Y. FM Sanchez, Victor M. MM Briand, Cooper J. MM Figueroa, Joseph M. PD Vazquez, Roy PD Group 2 - Table 2 Lab Role Group 6 - Table 6 Lab Role Maldonado, Ivan SD Gibson, Ahnasia SD Larios, Bristyn N. TM Robaina, Xavier G. TM Bell, Ashiyah J. FM Morales, Eduardo FM Vanegas, Jennifer MM Cruz, Kevin MM Lopez-Vasquez, Mary-Flor PD Williams, Armand Z. PD Group 3 - Table 3 Lab Role Group 7 - Table 7 Lab Role Osorio, Juanita C. SD Kendrick, Jalynn M. SD Paz, Jeremy J. TM Serrano, Liani M. TM Pu-Deleon, Ashley Berkey, Kylie R. FM B. MM Yanezvasquez, Dulce D. MM Diaz-Ramirez, Daisy PD Perez, Kimberly S. PD ALL share FM role Group 4 - Table 4 Lab Role Alaniz, Arianna SD Perez, Yerli M. TM Cervantes, Fernando FM Arenas, Summer N. MM Vasquez, Martin Y. PD August 23-26, TOPIC I: Introduction Day 4 Ms. Pasarin 2024 Room # 3212 A. Benchmarks: MA.K12.MTR 1.1-5.1: Measurements and Calculations 1. Assign metric prefixes to numerical expressions. 2. 3. Complete basic math operations using exponents with a calculator. Use significant figures rules and dimensional analysis for conversion. Vocabul Essential Questions: What are things made of, how do they change, and how are ary properties used to describe them? **If you Bell Work- #2: d) Its density is 2.57 1. Which of the following g/cm3. are still are quantitative? e) All of the above. having a) The crystals are bright trouble blue. 2. What is the difference with b) The mass is 346.25 g. between quantitative and EdPuzzl Daily Agenda: c) The reaction produced qualitative? e write 1.Bell Ringer bubbles. your 2.Share Lab Results (FM) 3.Complete CER – rubric name 4.Notes Measurements in on the HOME LEARNING- Chemistry PPT Edpuzzl Read: Chapter 1 Lesson 2 5. ChemMath D1 e Sheet Measurement (Pg 12 -26) Worksheet ChemMath Worksheet Due at the before next class in ESOL Strategies Charts and Graphs Chunking front of Accommodations (SPED) Question and Answer Rephrasing and Accommodations on IEP Reading Strategies Response Boards Schoology Cloze Techniques Completion Drill the Simplifying Simple Repetition Additional Time Give Examples Simplifying Directions Study Skills Cooperative Learning Teacher Read Aloud Graphic Organizers Tactile/Kinesthetic Cueing Highlight Main Point room. Vocabulary in Context Whole group Learning Games Manipulatives Visual Aides Repeat Instructions Outlines Response Point to/Highlight Check for Peer Grouping Understanding Sharing out your Data You will have 3 minutes to talk with your group about your data and prepare to share your results Each Group has 1 minute to present You will then have 10 minutes to complete the CER and Results questions. Introduction to Chemistry Math An introduction to chemistry including significant figures, Dimensional Analysis, Temperature, Density, Accuracy and Precision and % error. What is chemistry? Chemistry is the scientific study of matter, its properties, composition, and interactions at the atomic and molecular levels. It explores the structure of substances, their transformations, and the energy changes accompanying these processes. To truly understand these concepts you must understand measurement and mathematical techniques for solving in chemistry. Significant figures Significant figures - the digits in a numerical value that have meaning in terms of precision and accuracy. They include all certain digits plus one uncertain digit “sig figs” is a shortened way of saying significant figures The rules for determining the number of significant figures It is critical that these rules be applied in order! Rule #1: All nonzero digits are significant Examples: 1389 has 4 sig figs 17.1 has 3 sig figs Rule #2: Leading zeroes are not significant  The rules for determining the number of significant figures Rule #3: Captive zeroes are significant Examples: 4005 has 4 sig figs 0.701 has 3 sig figs (note the leading zero is not significant) Rule #4: Trailing zeroes are significant if and only if they are to the right of the decimal point Examples: 25.00 has 4 sig figs 2500 has 2 sig figs 250. has 3 sig figs (exception – the decimal point infers that the zero is significant)  The rules for determining the number of significant figures Rule #5: Exact numbers can have infinite significant figures when an “item” is attached. This rule is rarely applied in our course. Examples: 25 desks has infinite sig figs 13 students has infinite sig figs (you can’t have a fraction or decimal of a student!) Significant figure try it problems Determine the number of sig figs in each 3.409 0.00771 3000.8 470 98000. 405.0100 Significant figure try it problems ANSWERS Determine the number of sig figs in each 3.409 4 sig figs (Rule #1 and #3) 0.00771 3 sig figs (Rule #1 and #2) 3000.8 5 sig figs (Rule #1 and #3) 470 2 sig figs (Rule #1 and #4) 98000. 5 sig figs (Rule #1 and #4) 405.0100 7 sig figs (Rule #1, #3 and #4)  Correct number of significant figures when adding and subtracting Addition and subtraction rule: The answer must match the same place value as the least exact number. Example #1: 72.71  two decimal places +18.0  one decimal place 90.71  Calculator result 90.7 answer w/ correct sig figs  Correct number of significant figures when adding and subtracting Addition and subtraction rule: The answer must match the same place value as the least exact number. Example #2: 380.  no decimal places + 77.5  one decimal place 457.5  Calculator result 458 answer w/ correct sig figs Try it problems, these should be in your notes. Try It #1: 12.345 + 12.3 calculator result: ___________ reported answer: ___________ Try It #2: 12.90 - 3.2 calculator result: ___________ reported answer: ___________ Try it problems ANSWERS Try It #1: 12.345 + 12.3 calculator result: 24.645 reported answer: 24.6 Try It #2: 12.90 - 3.2 calculator result: 9.7 reported answer: 9.7  Correct number of significant figures when multiplying and dividing Multiplication and division rule: The number of sig figs must match the value with the least number of sig figs. Example #1: 1.2  2 sig figs x 4.56  3 sig figs 5.472  Calculator result 5.5 answer reported to 2 sig figs Note: We will use the multiplication and division rule the most in chemistry  Reporting the correct number of significant figures in calculations Multiplication and division rule: The number of sig figs must match the value with the least number of sig figs. Example #2: 284.2  4 sig figs ÷ 2.2  2 sig figs 129.18  Calculator result 130 answer reported to 2 sig figs Try it problems, these should be in your notes. Try It #1: 11.000 ÷ 3.0 calculator result: ___________ reported answer: ___________ Try It #2: 4.53490 x 1.32 calculator result: ___________ reported answer: ___________ Reporting the correct number of significant figures in calculations Try it problems ANSWERS Try It #1: 11.000 ÷ 3.0 calculator result: 3.666666666 (6 repeating) reported answer: 3.7 Try It #2: 4.53490 x 1.32 calculator result: 5.986068 reported answer: 5.99  Scientific notation - shorthand way of expressing numbers greater than 10 or less than 1 Scientifi For a number to be in scientific notation the number must be c altered to be between 1 and 9. notation For Example: 3.4 x 102 is in scientific notation Note: 0.34 x 103 or 34 x 101 is not in scientific notation Examples of converting numbers from standard notation to scientific notation If the standard number is greater than 10, the exponent is positive. For example: 256,000,000  2.56 x 108 If the standard number is less than 1, the exponent is negative. For example: 0.00028  2.8 x 10-4 Try it problems, these should be in your notes. Place the following numbers in scientific notation 1.) 4389 2.) 0.00219 Place the following numbers in scientific notation in standard notation 1.) 3.4 x 104 2.) 2.89 x 10-5 Scientific notation Try it Problems ANSWERS Place the following numbers in scientific notation 4389 4.389 x 103 0.00219 2.19 x 10-3 Place the following numbers in scientific notation in standard notation 3.4 x 104 34000 2.89 x 10-5 0.0000289 Systems of measurement The Imperial system is used in the United States, Liberia, and Myanmar. Relies on units like inches, pounds, and gallons for measurements of length, weight, and volume. Systems of The Metric system is measurem widely adopted internationally. ent Uses units such as meters, kilograms, and liters Based on powers of ten Simpler for conversions and maintains consistency. favored in science Units are interrelated Aligned with decimal-based scientific measurements Promotes accuracy and precision in experimental work. The Metric System is built on seven base units: Mass * kilogram kg Length * meter m Time * second s Temperature * Kelvin K Amount of mole mol Substance * Electric Current Ampere A Luminous candela cd Intensity * Used in  The metric system advantage - can convey large numbers of a quantity based on the power of 10 For example: 50 kilometers is an easy way of expressing 50,000 meters Note: 50km is about 31 miles The metric system Can also convey small numbers of a quantity based on the power of 10 For example: 5 ng is an easy way of expressing 5 x 10-9 g The Most Common Prefixes Used in Chemistry kilo k deci d centi c milli m micro 𝝁 nano n pico p Dimensional Analysis is a mathematical technique that allows us to use units as conversion factors to solve problems involving measurements. We will use dimensional analysis to convert quantities in and out of the metric system How many quarters are in $4.75? 4.75 dollars 4 quarte = 19 1 x 1 rs dolla quarters r The basic Units are lined up to convert setup of from one quantity to another by dimensiona canceling out to solve for the desired unit. l analysis Steps to solve using dimensional analysis 1) Identify starting information & ending units. 2) Line up conversion factors so units cancel, fill in numerical values. 3) Multiply all top numbers and push equals & divide by each bottom number and push equals after each one. 4) Check units & answer. Dimensional analysis example problem and try it problem. One step conversions in the metric system. Example Problem: Convert 75 liters (L) to milliliters (mL) Try it problem: Convert 3,500 meters (m) into kilometers (km)  Dimensional analysis example problem and try it problem. One step conversions in the metric system. ANSWERS Example Problem: Convert 75 liters (L) to milliliters (mL) = 75000 mL Try it problem: Convert 3,500 meters (m) into kilometers (km) = 3.5 km Note: The conversion factors do not change the number of significant figures. Both problems have 2 sig figs at the start and both answers will be reported to 2 sig figs.  Dimensional analysis example problem and try it problem. Two step conversions in the metric system. When converting from one “non-base” metric unit to another “non- base” unit, the easiest way to solve the problem is to go to a “base unit” of grams, meters, or Liters as a pit stop / intermediate step. Example Problem: Convert 38 microliters (µL) to milliliters (mL) Try it problem: Convert 7450 milligrams (mg) to kilograms (kg).  Dimensional analysis example problem and try it problem. Two step conversions in the metric system. ANSWERS Example Problem: Convert 38 microliters (µL) to milliliters (mL) Try it problem: Convert 7450 milligrams (mg) to kilograms (kg).  Dimensional analysis example problem and try it problem. Conversions involving the metric system and imperial system One Step problems Example Problem: Convert 2.85 (L) to gallons (gal). Try it problem:. Convert 0.915 kilograms (kg) to pounds (lbs.).  Dimensional analysis example problem and try it problem. Conversions involving the metric system and imperial system One Step problems ANSWERS Example Problem: Convert 2.85 (L) to gallons (gal). Try it problem:. Convert 0.915 kilograms (kg) to pounds (lbs.).  Dimensional analysis example problem and try it problem. Conversions involving the metric system and imperial system Two (or more) Step problems Example Problem: Convert 15000 milligrams (mg) to pounds (lbs.). Try it problem: Convert 72.19 kilograms (kg) to grams (g), then to ounces (oz)  Dimensional analysis example problem and try it problem. Conversions involving the metric system and imperial system Two (or more) Step problems ANSWERS Example Problem: Convert 15000 milligrams (mg) to pounds (lbs.). Try it problem: Convert 72.19 kilograms (kg) to grams (g), then to ounces (oz)  Dimensional analysis example problem and try it problem. Conversions involving double unit conversions For these types of conversions, the unit on the top of the fraction and the bottom must be converted. The starting and ending unit is sometimes written as “per”. For example, miles “per” hour Example Problem: Convert 70. miles per hour (mph) to kilometers per minute (km/min) Try it problem: Convert 315 meters per second (m/s) to miles per hour (mph).  Dimensional analysis example problem and try it problem. Conversions involving double unit conversions ANSWERS Example Problem: Convert 70. miles per hour (mph) to kilometers per minute (km/min) Try it problem: Convert 315 meters per second (m/s) to miles per hour (mph). Dimensional analysis example problem and try it problem. Conversions involving conversion factors in the question Example Problem For these types of problems two pieces of information will be given in the prompt. The key is to not use the information that is “per” another unit at the start of the problem. Example Problem: A car travels at a speed of 35 miles per hour. How many meters does it travel in 6.5 hours Dimensional analysis example problem and try it problem. Conversions involving conversion factors in the question Example Problem ANSWER For these types of problems two pieces of information will be given in the prompt. The key to not use the information that is “per” another unit at the start of the problem. Example Problem: A car travels at a speed of 35 miles per hour. How many meters does it travel in 6.5 hours? Dimensional analysis example problem and try it problem. Conversions involving conversion factors in the question Try It Problem For these types of problems two pieces of information will be given in the prompt. The key to not use the information that is “per” another unit at the start of the problem. Try It Problem: Ethanol has a density of 0.79 grams per milliliter. What is the mass in kilograms of 600. milliliters of ethanol? Dimensional analysis example problem and try it problem. Conversions involving conversion factors in the question Try It Problem ANSWER For these types of problems two pieces of information will be given in the prompt. The key to not use the information that is “per” another unit at the start of the problem. Try It Problem: Ethanol has a density of 0.79 grams per milliliter. What is the mass in kilograms of 600. milliliters of the ethanol?