Chemistry Study Sheet Unit 4 PDF

Chat with Document Download Quiz & Flashcards

Document Details

PleasantFauvism1275

Uploaded by PleasantFauvism1275

Riverdale Collegiate Institute

Dermer

Tags

chemistry solutions concentrations molarity

Related

Summary

This chemistry study sheet covers Unit 4, focusing on solutions, concentrations (mass/volume, mass/mass, volume/volume), molarity, dilutions, and precipitation reactions. It provides formulas and examples. The document is geared towards secondary school students.

Full Transcript

Study Sheet for Chemistry: Unit 4 Section 1: Solutions Solvent: The component in the greatest amount (e.g., water in most aqueous solutions). Solute: The component in the smallest amount, dissolved in the solvent. To determine solubility: β—‹ Compare the ratio of solute...

Study Sheet for Chemistry: Unit 4 Section 1: Solutions Solvent: The component in the greatest amount (e.g., water in most aqueous solutions). Solute: The component in the smallest amount, dissolved in the solvent. To determine solubility: β—‹ Compare the ratio of solute to solvent in different solutions at the same temperature. Concentration (% m/v): π‘€π‘Žπ‘ π‘  π‘œπ‘“ π‘ π‘œπ‘™π‘’π‘‘π‘’ (𝑔) = πΆπ‘œπ‘›π‘π‘’π‘›π‘‘π‘Ÿπ‘Žπ‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘›Γ—π‘‰π‘œπ‘™π‘’π‘šπ‘’ π‘œπ‘“ π‘ π‘œπ‘™π‘’π‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘› (π‘šπΏ)Γ·100 Section 2: Concentrations Percent Concentrations: β—‹ Mass/Volume (% m/v): π‘€π‘Žπ‘ π‘  π‘œπ‘“ π‘ π‘œπ‘™π‘’π‘‘π‘’ (𝑔) πΆπ‘œπ‘›π‘π‘’π‘›π‘‘π‘Ÿπ‘Žπ‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘› = π‘‰π‘œπ‘™π‘’π‘šπ‘’ π‘œπ‘“ π‘ π‘œπ‘™π‘’π‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘› (π‘šπΏ) ​×100 β—‹ Mass/Mass (% m/m): π‘€π‘Žπ‘ π‘  π‘œπ‘“ π‘ π‘œπ‘™π‘’π‘‘π‘’ (𝑔) πΆπ‘œπ‘›π‘π‘’π‘›π‘‘π‘Ÿπ‘Žπ‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘› = π‘‡π‘œπ‘‘π‘Žπ‘™ π‘šπ‘Žπ‘ π‘  π‘œπ‘“ π‘ π‘œπ‘™π‘’π‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘› (𝑔) ​×100 β—‹ Volume/Volume (% v/v): π‘‰π‘œπ‘™π‘’π‘šπ‘’ π‘œπ‘“ π‘ π‘œπ‘™π‘’π‘‘π‘’ (π‘šπΏ) πΆπ‘œπ‘›π‘π‘’π‘›π‘‘π‘Ÿπ‘Žπ‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘› = π‘‡π‘œπ‘‘π‘Žπ‘™ π‘£π‘œπ‘™π‘’π‘šπ‘’ π‘œπ‘“ π‘ π‘œπ‘™π‘’π‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘› (π‘šπΏ) ​×100 β—‹ Use dilution formulas to adjust concentration levels: C1V1 = C2V2 Section 3: Molarity and Dilutions Molarity (M): π‘€π‘œπ‘™π‘’π‘  π‘œπ‘“ π‘ π‘œπ‘™π‘’π‘‘π‘’ 𝑀= πΏπ‘–π‘‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘  π‘œπ‘“ π‘ π‘œπ‘™π‘’π‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘› ​ For dilution problems: β—‹ Combine stock and water volumes to find final concentration using the dilution formula: M1V1 = M2V2 Ionic Solutions: β—‹ Calculate ion concentration by multiplying molarity by the number of ions dissociated per formula unit. Section 4: Precipitation Reactions Net Ionic Equations: β—‹ Simplify to show only reacting ions forming a precipitate. β—‹ Example: Ca2+(aq) + 2Cl- (aq) β†’ CaCl2 (s) β—‹ Use stoichiometry to calculate precipitate mass: π‘€π‘Žπ‘ π‘  = π‘€π‘œπ‘™π‘’π‘  π‘œπ‘“ π‘™π‘–π‘šπ‘–π‘‘π‘–π‘›π‘” π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘Žπ‘”π‘’π‘›π‘‘ Γ— π‘€π‘œπ‘™π‘Žπ‘Ÿ π‘šπ‘Žπ‘ π‘  π‘œπ‘“ π‘π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘π‘–π‘π‘–π‘‘π‘Žπ‘‘π‘’ β—‹ Solubility Rules: β—‹ Nitrates (NO3βˆ’), alkali metals, and ammonium salts are soluble. β—‹ Sulfates (SO42βˆ’) and halides (Cl βˆ’, Br βˆ’, I βˆ’) are soluble, except with Pb, Ba, or Hg. Section 5: Acids and Bases Arrhenius Acid/Base: β—‹ Acid: Increases [H +] ions in solution. β—‹ Base: Increases [OH +] ions in solution. pH Indicators: β—‹ Phenol red: Yellow in acidic, red in basic. β—‹ Phenolphthalein: Colorless in acidic, pink in basic. Titration: β—‹ Use M1V1 = M2V2 to find unknown concentrations. β—‹ Example: HCl + NaOH β†’ NaCl + H2O

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser