Chapter 33 From Revolution To Evolution PDF

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Printed by: [email protected]. Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted. Cl-tAPTER 33 FROM REVO LUTION TO EVOL. -TION MI.GUE.l ALEMAN, 1 U6- 52 In January 1946, the: official party fur th fust: tirn dornro a dvili.rn, Mjguel Aleman, as its p id lltial n ida , Alan.in' dmini trndon repres nted chan in p t:m ) ti nary eadershlp. The new generation of co;;mopolitan civilian officials did not come fro a mili- tary background but rath fr m th du middle cl , To se. chnoaats (pro essional with spedaliz.,ed kills and advanucl education), many of whom had.mended the same preparatmy ;;chool and the atioaal UniveISity, Led the rampaign to make Mexico a modem industrial" cl tat d n Mexican m cl O f th po twar rs. The new p l1 mt Teduced the military's shl!!l'e of the budget to less d1an 10 percent of th toral for the l.im time m th l\ cntlcth centu and die en ' ace pted th decision. in part because ofthe "litary'snewrolei:nintelligence c. erth years themilitary share of the budgrt was gradually reduced from 0 paam in 191.7 to 7 pernent in 1952. Mo ucass I chan its Latin Am ican neighbo 1 co curbe_d th problems of ram pant militarism although the army remained a pm'l'l!Ull.l ally of the govcmmen t. With e.althy dollar areserve turned over to him by hi.s prede1J or, Aleman launched an ir.np es.si. numb ofpublicW'O.rksproj desi ned both topro:vid ·obs fora adll growing labor force and to meet a scrjes, of aucial developmental needs. Most important th carutructlon of dams to con odin,g. in asc ;ib I nd aa ~- and ruppl ample po er for the modernization i , pulse. The orclos Dam on me Colorado River n~ Mexicali worked agriadtural wa Ml in the northwest as some even hundred thousand ari acres wer red im d and Oft\! rt d into a rich truck- arming zon tn the nonh in moperation with the US government, work commenced on the falcon Dam in the Iowa: Rio Gran ,' Valley. Comple ed in 195 , th y ar after A.Jeman I offi. - th FalcOn projea yiclded substantial agriatltural benefits as well Tue major project in the south was the har- m:ssing of the Papaloapan River in the Silil. a of l\id>la, Veracruz, and Oaxata, Not only were tens of th sands ofacres d d to th qri tural b s o th nation, but ri of hydro- electric stations contributed to thettipling of Mexico's decnicalomput capacity by 1952. ,473 Printed by: [email protected]. Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted.  4 74 D l!LOrME TA. D DI. E "f U !'{%) 01' E-l'A R TY Y Tl!M t.l r Large-seal publi woe ntert.!d on impmvin the ommuni o n nel\ ark. In addition w modernizing , plet the P. lli.U J le Ut..ponance rnmmer L r hi Pu no M ko nd. Ii the.I. i ·n o ec e a re no 1-n un roads increased from about 2,500 ntiles in 1946 Lo OVI 1. ·co wa pfi db omi. ltun 1 n t on1 in bm in M ,. d 1 nuln Ji r.,_ Un Printed by: [email protected]. Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted.  Pri!m Rtt 1/u:ri 10 E1.'r.lliloon 47 5 Potos , took.1d mag th d1 p. nd bund mu ource of el the econ n don. Low ta:\l d hi lex.i n i it 10 , ntln'U in oleos Mexicano ) expanded its d drill i11~ m;id il p ibl dl ressive cons truaion projea of all, as tbe:. j I. d bo C (1 ,th buit n ad thantbro lm e11 iv r i,i J momum n p Ull lered when entering the campus in the 19 0 , n , sd( 1.h d \ gan I· can head of state to visi ·. exican president n M 9 7 h I ing ,. realh t th a ghting U u ops lOO Printed by: [email protected]. Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted.  4 76 D l!LOrME TA. D DI. E " f U !'{%) 01' E-l'A R TY Y Tl!M 8 ong.ress 1.h oted retum 11 1 U' phie of r sequ ll::.r J in ll1 mid.dl.e o the nin - l nth nmmry. The outward ma.. ill had pra li al dfects as ·ell. The Unit·d bl um th· Id w r, nd lo, f on th Expon- lmport Bank im pace. Trade rclatioctS berame m r tn 1han £Ver ov mm n mmofed l~m LI~~ ~Th porous lh llnll ll nin leem.h ,cemury and Th m t ilm a, d al.t m.uijuana, her Lh 19 from govemo: police, a problem T m h allh n o!>lcr.ns h d be Te\". 1\.-1 " ' -l ' su od i. marvel 10~ b fo~ :u the bt: ' ' at l omenL or 10 r·.ry ny, ce h.er..'. alari w r p;ilny ost. lmpos51 (1t1alified r dent Jlnr, S Trum.i 11 ' i ~ Pyr.m irl of lhe II.II during hi l.l.ip iD Maim Cit. Printed by: [email protected]. Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted.  Pri!m Rtt 1/u:ri 10 E1.'r.lliloon 477 pro S-Si d n remainoo lo\. f th mill.ion 10 kh.ildren in th bracki er than 2.25 miUio n atten ded cl.as~.ir basis. D pite th n ,Jni u lion. in h, d an du llun , th 19 O censu percent of rural children finished the sixth grad _ mi ni tr uon and man nl'w mill, and 1 1t a reputau n m th ~gaged in dalliances with a · t. Th d' uf. r lh rn n- uate enalit} had.s.abo. of for and the rn'l"a uba nc'I i politi ru I. e ·ed e... rcenL o 1 1 OU !!, in nh of fine, pure-bl d ilk l lW ll Roman org1 Dllri:n Wo I" p gat\d,l This led co the. by ,Lh PIU The , reed , th ind e.cono ormc meq 1 es. e a was not crusllcd, bm it 'n l! dO\ n ti wag dE"pressed. 'Nh~ I Id kc ry can 1 did THE PRUII D CY OF U12 C:OATINES, 19 2-58 or, many bdievoo il crucial lo IT kindle n 1d ·n ·l I rd I I i. l th panL orru [i Lh Alem.in administration:. th six -00 -year~old Ad lfo Ruiz ortines, whose I QuotL.J in cephtt, ll i iblo, Mm m 1/111 J ' I!!~ At Pltly. l'Olm,:l, ~ mipllllD (Wilmington, DE. 1999J l 3 Printed by: [email protected]. Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted.  78 D l!LQ rM E T A. D DI. E "f U !'{%) 01' E-l'A R TY Y Tl!M person I b nd d rot on 10 li cr im uring his ~ morshi. o racruz. and tenure as s r tary o interior under Aleman he had garnered a reputatio p rty ·en , nd int :grii. With o d hi k. din pone. lenrfquez Cuzman, by am ne. Id call much akin t but un pectarular pr I de:nl did not di pp int tho ruption_ rI announced in his inaugur.tl. t.rkt b ered aU publi ffi I Is l m k publ um'lg cl h a ll'lumber o nocorious graf ardly en. ' rm h p cd throug e n th. 195. Ion fa i rampa1gI1 ~o o Th m 1hd try conth\u me.nt supp n w Ii or , dcva.luatl ch doJI ) I o · t.aJ enc.oura ount.ry unbesit.at- nd LI h m·.md Gambl in 'L lh ir seemed 10. ,. hi Ru " Co pal a - l I e.o. 19 Uc h al - d"d roxi il. fed s ru.n coverage or e rst time. The 0 ' I. Un.ioaiz rropt un10n b. ,.I rates emphasized ch.1.11ges in d aily prac d prove nu , 1 on an working-clas.s living, Th to tdi t wi m di r encou its ot w in. o not o rcom asi p~ bl m ol lo had th ofrcinfomn il hi rarch.y and patemali m. Printed by: [email protected]. Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted.  Pri!m Rtt 1/u:ri 10 E1.'r.lliloon 479 Tiu u bout h" t m Ruiz · rtln' und hi.fflM!:lf ughL up in , s.lwa n er which h ti.ad. ,. n M opu growing at a ra1e that began 10 I rm n I nl Ji UI poli f!I, When I · 2 J to power the of munuy, as o 6 million. d u ll'd I m n la 1 io mitan1 l ml ·.uii.z lion. n d n.I cent from l 930 to h l'h ju amazing 4..5 m later_ l ~~~ ru" ·n dusuy, Ii m indust need for gl rus i- nd I.an th 11.Demp fts I had r The burd n :mos n th m. JS 111 0 n ut cooptation. offi n u media to impose. ri nl n. p i l m that d , ishmem or n amsi campesinos.md wodcers, ri tJ p b... I ~~ \ mm nt in ti pea bad ontinued to constitute. an ard ut base of sup- port Id ' ' n mlly f · m modemiz...11" rh I RI ' had. d in m i memo i or rural lh£ im.a Card rev lmiona populi t who had their inti Printed by: [email protected]. Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted.  4 80 D l!LOrME TA. D DI. E "f U !'{%) 01' E-l'A R TY Y Tl!M g m.en USt:.--d neg LiaLion, m m.prom and far to quell cam lions in an ti! mp110 uphold order in ,111 of glaring economic mequaliti rh 1ar.m1lm l,l le r.l ' hip I J; rm l 11 ino organizaliol'l!i and f. 11 n !,, 0 ioju tice:s met with repr ·on, th dissidrnl.S rebelled and were e,,entua.Uy crushed. /\s me rru in tituli neing decided by peno11liil forces llm rarely or never represent the genuine interests of large human groups.1he eronomic aad poli1ical pow,er of the preside, 1pf the Republic isalmoSJ all-l'fflbr.,dng ~net,. it Is lmpo,i_,ibl for on man 10 know the special needs of each city or town and whl93 person or persons are most suitable 10 «'$Olw I hem.' R!f2 Conines's last message 10 the CQnivess was atypical of Mexkan polillcians of the !Wl\lllieth cen tury. The social imperfec;u)>ns of 1he sys1em uoubled him more I.ban !he deficiencies of one-party rule or corruption. The Mexican masses, the outgoing presideni conceded, bad n01 benefited f r ~ e revolutionary process as much as he bad antid- pa1ed. Illness, ignorance. and poveny had 1101 been overcome. The desued balance be-- 1wee.n economic development and soc1al justice bad tipped in favor of the former. The pace of the social movement had slowed and, since 1940, had almost grou nd to a halL Perhaps a mode.rate shift 10 1he te(t could mu1e government crilics a nd reins1ill some faith in revolutionary ideals. 2 Da11id CA:)$(0 Vil.kg;b, Ol.tnge in LAlin Amt'ltGl: Tht Maitnn and Cuban RmtlutJ'c,m (Uucoln. NE. 1961 ). 30-33