Discovering Computers 2012 - Chapter 10 PDF

Discovering Computers 2012 Your Interactive Guide to the Digital World Objectives Overview Define the term, Define the term, database, and data integrity, and Discu...

Discovering Computers 2012 Your Interactive Guide to the Digital World Objectives Overview Define the term, Define the term, database, and data integrity, and Discuss the terms explain how a describe the character, field, database interacts qualities of record, and file with data and valuable information information Describe file Differentiate maintenance between a file techniques and processing validation approach and the techniques database approach See Page 513 2 for Detailed Objectives Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 10 Objectives Overview Describe Discuss the characteristics of functions common relational, object- to most database oriented, and management multidimensional systems databases Identify database design guidelines Explain how to and discuss the access Web responsibilities of databases database analysts and administrators See Page 513 3 for Detailed Objectives Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 10 Databases, Data, and Information Database Data Information Collection Collection Processed of data of data organized in unprocesse Document a manner d items s that allows Text Audio access, Numbers Images retrieval, Images Video and use of Audio that data Video Page 514 4 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 10 Databases, Data, and Information Pages 514 – 515 5 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 10 Figure 10-1 Databases, Data, and Information Database software, often called a database management system (DBMS), allows users to: Create a Add, modify, and computerized delete data database Create forms and Sort and retrieve reports from the data data Page 515 6 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 10 Databases, Data, and Information Valuable information should have the following characteristics: Organize Accurate Verifiable Timely d Accessibl Cost- Useful e effective Pages 516 - 517 7 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 10 The Hierarchy of Data Data is organized in layers – Files, records, fields, characters Page 517 8 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 10 Figure 10-2 The Hierarchy of Data A character is one byte – Numbers, letters, space, punctuation marks, or other symbols A field is a combination of one or more related characters – Field name Page 518 – Field size Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 10 9 Figure 10-3 The Hierarchy of Data Common data types include: AutoNumb Text Numeric Currency er Date Memo Yes/No Hyperlink Attachmen Object t Page 518 10 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 10 The Hierarchy of Data A record is a group of related fields – A primary key uniquely identifies each record A data file is a collection of related records Page 519 11 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 10 Figure 10-4 Maintaining Data File maintenance refers to the procedures that keep data current Modifyi Adding ng records records Deletin g records Page 520 12 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 10 Maintaining Data Users add new records to a file when they obtain new data Page 520 13 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 10 Figure 10-5 Maintaining Data Users modify a record to correct inaccurate data or update old data Page 521 14 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 10 Figure 10-6 Maintaining Data When a record no longer is needed, a user deletes it from a file Page 522 15 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 10 Figure 10-7 Maintaining Data Validation compares data with a set of rules or values to find out if the data is correct Alphabetic/ Consistency Range check Numeric check check Completeness Check digit Other checks check Pages 522 - 524 16 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 10 File Processing Versus Databases File processing Database approach system Each department has Programs and users its own set of files share data Used for many years Reduce data Have data redundancy redundancy Improve data integrity Isolate data Share data Allows easier access Reduces development time Can be more Pages 524 - 526 vulnerable Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 10 17 File Processing Versus Databases Page 525 18 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 10 Figure 10-10 Database Management Systems Page 527 19 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 10 Figure 10-11 Database Management Systems A DBMS provides several tools that allow users and programs to retrieve and maintain Querydata in the database language Query by example Form Report generator Page 528 20 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 10 Database Management Systems A query language consists of simple, English-like statements that allow users to specify the data to display, print, or store Query by example (QBE) provides a GUI to assist users with retrieving data Page 528 21 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 10 Database Management Systems Page 529 22 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 10 Figure 10-13 Database Management Systems A form is a window on the screen that provides areas for entering or modifying data in a database Page 530 23 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 10 Figure 10-15 Database Management Systems A report generator allows users to design a report on the screen, retrieve data into the report design, and then display or print the report Page 531 24 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 10 Figure 10-16 Database Management Systems A DMBS provides a variety of techniques to restore the database to a usable form in case it is damaged or destroyed Backup Log Continuo Recover us y utility backup Pages 531 - 532 25 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 10 Database Management Systems Page 532 26 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 10 Figure 10-17 Relational, Object-Oriented, and Multidimensional Databases A data model consists of rules and standards that define how the database organizes data Page 533 27 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 10 Figure 10-18 Relational, Object-Oriented, and Multidimensional Databases A relational database stores data in tables that consist of rows and columns – Each row has a primary key – Each column has a unique name A relationship is a link within the data Page 533 28 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 10 Figure 10-20 Relational, Object-Oriented, and Multidimensional Databases Structured Query Language (SQL) is a query language that allows users to manage, update, and retrieve data Page 534 29 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 10 Figure 10-21 Relational, Object-Oriented, and Multidimensional Databases An object-oriented database (OODB) stores data in objects Examples of applications appropriate for an object-oriented database include: Multimedia Groupware database database Computer- aided Hypertext design database database Page 534 30 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 10 Relational, Object-Oriented, and Multidimensional Databases Page 535 31 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 10 Figure 10-22 Relational, Object-Oriented, and Multidimensional Databases A multidimensional database can store data in more than two dimensions of data – Sometimes known as a hypercube – Can consolidate data much faster than a relational database A data warehouse is a huge database that stores and manages the data required to analyze historical and current transactions Pages 535 - 536 32 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 10 Web Databases Databases on the Web allow you to: Shop for Buy or sell Search for a products or stocks job services Register for Check Make airline college semester reservations classes grades Page 536 33 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 10 Web Databases Page 536 34 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 10 Figure 10-23 Database Administration It is important to have a carefully designed database Page 537 35 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 10 Figure 10-24 Database Administration Database analysts and administrators are responsible for managing and coordinating all database activities Database Database Analyst (DA) Administrator (DBA) Decides on proper field Creates and maintains placement, defines data the data dictionary, relationship, and manages security, identifies users’ access monitors performance, privileges and checks backup and recovery procedures Page 538 36 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 10 Database Administration Employees should learn how to use the data in the database effectively – Interact with database – Identify new data for the database – Maintain the database Page 538 37 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 10 Figure 10-25 Summary How data and Methods for Assessing the information are maintaining quality of valuable high-quality valuable assets to an data information organization Advantages of Roles of the organizing Various types database data in a of databases analysts and database administrators Page 539 38 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 10 Discovering Computers 2012 Your Interactive Guide to the Digital World Chapter 10 Complete