Operating Systems and Utility Programs PDF

Document Details

LustrousEnjambment1955

Uploaded by LustrousEnjambment1955

Riphah International University - Lahore Campus

2012

Tags

operating systems computer science software technology

Summary

Chapter 8 from the 2012 edition of Discovering Computers, a textbook, provides an overview of operating systems and utility programs. It details various types of operating systems and outlines their key functions.

Full Transcript

Discovering Computers 2012 Your Interactive Guide to the Digital World Objectives Overview Define system Summarize the software and Describe the...

Discovering Computers 2012 Your Interactive Guide to the Digital World Objectives Overview Define system Summarize the software and Describe the startup process identify the two functions of an on a personal types of system operating system computer software Summarize the Summarize the Briefly describe features of features of various server several several stand- operating embedded alone operating systems operating systems systems Explain the purpose of several utility programs See Page 397 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 2 for Detailed Objectives System Software System software consists of the programs that control or maintain the operations of the computer and its devices Operati Utility ng Progra systems ms Page 398 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 3 Operating Systems An operating system (OS) is a set of programs containing instructions that work together to coordinate all the activities among computer Start and hardware Provide a resources Manage Manage shut down a user programs memory computer interface Establish an Monitor Coordinate Configure Internet performanc tasks devices connection e Provide Automatical Control a Administer utilities ly update network security Pages 398 - 399 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 4 Operating Systems An operating system (OS) is system software that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides common Start and Provideservices a for computer Manage Manage shut down a user programs. computer interface programs memory Establish an Monitor Coordinate Configure Internet performanc tasks devices connection e Provide Automatical Control a Administer utilities ly update network security Pages 398 - 399 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 5 Operating Systems Pages 398 – 399 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 6 Figure 8-1 Operating System Functions The process of starting or restarting a computer is called booting Warm Cold boot boot Turning on Refers to a restarting computer the that has computer been without powered fully off powering completel it off. Page 400y Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 7 Figure 8-2 Operating System Functions Page 401 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 8 Figure 8-3 Operating System Functions A boot drive is a physical hard drive in your computer where the files necessary to start the computer are located. You can boot from a boot disk A recovery disk contains a few system files that will start the computer Page 402 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 9 Operating System Functions An operating system includes various shut down options Sleep mode saves any Hibernate saves any open documents and open documents and programs to RAM, programs to a hard turns off all unneeded disk before removing functions, and then power from the places the computer computer in a low-power state Page 402 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 10 Operating System Functions A user interface controls how you enter data and instructions and how information is displayed on the screen With a graphical user interface (GUI), you interact with menus and visual images Pages 402 – 403 11 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 Figure 8-4 Operating System Functions With a command-line interface, a user uses the keyboard to enter data and instructions Page 403 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 12 Figure 8-5 Operating System Functions How an operating system handles programs directly affects your productivity Single user Single Foreground and tasking and and multiuser multitasking background Preemptive Multiprocessi multitasking ng Pages 404 - 405 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 13 Operating System Functions Page 404 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 14 Figure 8-6 Operating System Functions Memory management optimizes the use of RAM. Paging, swapping, segmentation and compaction are modern computers' four main memory management techniques. Virtual memory is a portion of a storage medium functioning as additional RAM Page 406 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 15 Figure 8-8 Operating System Functions The operating system determines the order in which tasks are processed Page 407 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 16 Figure 8-9 Operating System Functions A driver is a small Plug and Play program that tells automatically the operating configures new system how to devices as you communicate with install them a specific device Page 408 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 17 Operating System Functions Operating systems typically provide a means to establish Internet connections Page 408 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 18 Figure 8-10 Operating System Functions A performance monitor is a program that assesses and reports information about various computer resources and devices Pages 408 – 409 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 19 Figure 8-11 Operating System Functions Operating systems often provide users with the capability of: Managing Searching Viewing Securing a files for files images computer Uninstalling Cleaning up Defragment Diagnosing programs disks ing disks problems Backing up Setting up files and screen disks savers Page 409 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 20 Operating System Functions Automatic update automatically provides updates to the program Page 409 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 21 Figure 8-12 Operating System Functions Some operating A network systems are administrator uses designed to work the server with a server on a operating system network to: A server – Add and remove operating system users, computers, and other devices organizes and – Install software and coordinates how administer network multiple users security access and share resources onDiscovering Page 410 a Computers 2012: Chapter 8 22 Operating System Functions Each user has a user account – A user name, or user ID, identifies a specific user – A password is a private combination of characters associated with the user name Page 410 23 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 Figure 8-13 Types of Operating Systems Page 412 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 24 Figure 8-14 Stand-Alone Operating Systems A stand-alone operating system is a complete operating system that works on a desktop computer, notebook computer, or mobile computing device Window Mac OS s7 X UNIX Linux Page 412 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 25 Stand-Alone Operating Systems Windows 7 is Microsoft’s fastest, most efficient operating system to date and is available in multiple editions: Windows 7 Windows 7 Home Starter Premium Windows 7 Windows 7 Professiona Ultimate l Pages 413 - 414 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 26 Stand-Alone Operating Systems Windows 7 provides programs such as: Windows Windows Firewall DVD Maker Windows Desktop Media Gadget Player Gallery Page 414 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 27 Stand-Alone Operating Systems Page 414 28 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 Figures 8-16 – 8-17 Stand-Alone Operating Systems Page 415 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 29 Figure 8-18 Stand-Alone Operating Systems The Macintosh operating system has set the standard for operating system ease of use Latest version is Mac OS X Page 415 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 30 Figure 8-19 Stand-Alone Operating Systems UNIX is a multitasking operating system developed in the early 1970s Linux is an open- source, popular, multitasking UNIX- type operating system Pages 416 – 417 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 31 Figures 8-20 – 8-21 Server Operating Systems Windows Server UNIX Linux 2008 Solaris NetWare Pages 417 - 418 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 32 Server Operating Systems Windows Server 2008 is an upgrade to Windows Server 2003 – Part of the Windows Server 2008 family – Multiple editions Most editions include Hyper-V, a virtualization technology – Virtualization is the practice of sharing or pooling computing resources Pages 417 - 418 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 33 Embedded Operating Systems An embedded operating system resides on a ROM chip on a mobile device or consumer electronic device Windows Windows iPhone Embedde Palm OS Phone 7 OS d CE Google Embedded Symbian BlackBerry Android Linux OS Pages 418 - 420 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 34 Embedded Operating Systems Pages 419 – 420 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 35 Figures 8-22 – 8-26 Utility Programs A utility program is a type of system software that allows a user to perform maintenance-type tasks Page 421 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 36 Figure 8-27 Utility Programs A file manager is a utility that performs functions related to file management – Displaying a list of files – Organizing files in folders – Copying, renaming, deleting, moving, Page 422 and sorting files 37 Figure 8-28 and foldersDiscovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 Utility Programs A search utility is a program that attempts to locate a file on your computer based on criteria you specify Page 422 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 38 Figure 8-29 Utility Programs An image viewer allows users to display, copy, and print the contents of a graphics file An uninstaller removes a program, as well as any associated entries in the system files Page 423 39 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 Figure 8-30 Utility Programs A disk cleanup utility searches for and removes unnecessary files – Downloaded program files – Temporary Internet files – Deleted files – Unused program files Page 423 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 40 Figure 8-31 Utility Programs A disk defragmenter reorganizes the files and unused space on a computer’s hard disk so that the operating system accesses data more quickly and programs run faster – Defragmenting Pages 423 – 424 41 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 Figure 8-32 Utility Programs A backup utility allows users to copy files to another storage medium A restore utility reverses the process and returns backed up files to their original form Page 424 42 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 Figure 8-33 Utility Programs A screen saver A personal causes a display firewall detects device’s screen to and protects a show a moving personal computer image or blank from unauthorized screen if no activity intrusions occurs for a specified time Page 425 43 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 Figures 8-34 – 8-35 Utility Programs A computer virus is a small software program that spreads from one computer to another and interferes with computer operation. An A worm A Trojan antivirus copies itself horse hides program repeatedly within or protects a in memory looks like a computer or over a legitimate against network program viruses Pages 425 - 426 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 44 Utility Programs Pages 425 – 426 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 45 Figures 8-36 – 8-37 Utility Programs Spyware is a program placed on a computer Adware displays an without the user’s online advertisement in a knowledge that secretly banner or pop-up window collects information about the user A spyware remover An adware remover is a detects and deletes program that detects spyware and other and deletes adware similar programs Page 426 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 46 Utility Programs Filters are programs that remove or block certain items from being displayed Web Anti- filtering spam software programs Phishing Pop-up filters blockers Pages 426 - 427 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 47 Utility Programs A file compression utility shrinks the size of a file(s) – Compressing files frees up room on the storage media – Two types of compression Lossy Lossless Compressed files sometimes are called zipped files – Can be uncompressed Page 427 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 48 Utility Programs A media player allows you to view images and animation, listen to audio, and watch video files on your computer Page 427 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 49 Figure 8-38 Utility Programs Disc burning software writes text, graphics, audio, and video files on a recordable or rewritable optical disc Page 428 50 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 Figure 8-39 Utility Programs A personal computer maintenance utility identifies and fixes operating system problems, detects and repairs disk problems, and includes the capability of improving a Page 428 Figure 8-40 computer’s Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 51 Summary Functions common Definition of an to most operating operating system systems Variety of stand- alone operating systems, server Several utility operating systems, programs and embedded operating systems Page 429 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 52 Discovering Computers 2012 Your Interactive Guide to the Digital World Chapter 8 Complete

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Browser