Chapter 7-Volcanoes and Other Igneous Activity.docx

- - - - - - - - - - - -  - - - - - - Picture of "quiet" eruption of Kilauea - - - 1. 2. 3. - - - 1. 2. - - - - 3. - - - - - - - - ◼ ***[Highly viscous, silica-rich magmas]*** may...

- - - - - - - - - - - -  - - - - - - Picture of "quiet" eruption of Kilauea - - - 1. 2. 3. - - - 1. 2. - - - - 3. - - - - - - - - ◼ ***[Highly viscous, silica-rich magmas]*** may produce explosive clouds of hot ash and transition into plumes termed ***[eruption] [columns]*** - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. 2. - - from a gentle slope to a steep slope - - - - - - - - - - - - - -  - - - - - - - - - - - - Anatomy of a Volcano - - - - - - - 1. 2. 3. - - - - - - ------------------------------------------------------ -- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Generalized illustration of a composite cone volcano exceed 1km in diameter....these are termed ***[calderas]*** Eruptions on the sides (flanks) of volcanoes that extrude lava that produce small features that ------------------------------------------------------ -- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - - - - - - - - ◼ ***[Mauna Loa]*** - - - - - - - ◼ ***[Kilauea]*** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ◼ Paricutin - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Mexico - - - - - - - - - -  - - - - - - - - - - - ◼ The Destruction of St. Pierre - - - - - - - - 1. 2. - - - - - - - - 1. 2. 3. ***1. [Crater Lake-Type Calderas]*** - - - - ***2. [Hawaiian-Type Calderas]*** - - ***3. [Yellowstone-Type Calderas]*** - - - - - - - - - - - - Map of the extent of the ashfalls for the last 3 calderaforming eruptions of Yellowstone - - - +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Above: Illustration of the extent | | | of flood basalts in the Columbia | | | Plateau | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - **Arizona Palisades Sill**  - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ***1. [The Role of Heat]*** - - - - - - - - - 2\. The Role of Pressure - - - - - - -  ***3. [The Role of Volatiles]*** - - - - Illustration of the generation of magma due to the ◼ Melting points can be lowered introduction of water by as much as 100° C by the addition of 0.1% water! - ***1. [Ring of Fire]*** -- located around the Pacific Ocean - - - 2\. Volcanoes of the deep-ocean basin - - - 3\. Irregularly distributed on the interiors of continents - - - 1. 2. 3. 1\. Convergent Plate Boundaries - - - - - - - - - - - **& the Marianas arcs such as the Cascade Range** 2. Divergent Plate Boundaries - - - - - - - - - - - - -