A&P Chapter 7 Questions: Skin Structure and Function

A&P chapter 7 1. The stratum germinativum and the stratum corneum are layers of the a. epidermis. b. hypodermis. c. subcutaneous tissue. d. dermis. ANS: A 2. Which of the following is associated with tanning? a. Sudoriferous glands b. Apocrine glands c. Arrector pili muscles d. Melanocytes ANS: D...

A&P chapter 7 1. The stratum germinativum and the stratum corneum are layers of the a. epidermis. b. hypodermis. c. subcutaneous tissue. d. dermis. ANS: A 2. Which of the following is associated with tanning? a. Sudoriferous glands b. Apocrine glands c. Arrector pili muscles d. Melanocytes ANS: D 3. Who or what is covered with vernix caseosa? a. A pregnant woman b. A toddler c. A fetus d. The pregnant uterus ANS: C 4. Which word is most descriptive of sudoriferous? a. Yellow b. Sweat c. Hot d. Tan ANS: B 5. If the blood vessels of the skin dilate, the person appears a. jaundiced. b. flushed. c. cyanotic. d. pale and washed out. ANS: B 6. Ceruminous glands secrete a. vernix caseosa. b. sweat. c. wax in the outer ear. d. melanin. ANS: C 7. Freckles and moles are caused by an accumulation of a. bilirubin. b. vernix caseosa. c. melanin. d. keratin. ANS: C 8. Which of the following is a consequence of a congenital absence of eccrine glands? a. Jaundice b. Vitiligo c. Acne vulgaris d. Inability to regulate body temperature ANS: D 9. Radiation, conduction, convection, and evaporation are terms that are concerned with a. heat loss. b. skin color. c. sweat glands. d. exocrine secretions. ANS: A 10. Hives are called a. impetigo. b. urticaria. c. psoriasis. d. vitiligo. ANS: B 11. The color of skin that is supplied by oxygen-poor blood is described as a. flushed. b. jaundiced. c. cyanotic. d. pink. ANS: C 12. Which of the following lies on the subcutaneous layer? a. Stratum corneum b. Epidermis c. Dermis d. Stratum germinativum ANS: C 13. Which of the following substances makes the skin water resistant? a. Melanin b.iron pigments c. Keratin d. Carotene ANS: C 14. What is the result of the contraction of the arrector pili muscles? a. Nail growth b. Goosebumps c. Sweating d. Tanning ANS: B 15. Which type of gland secretes vernix caseosa in the fetus? a. Sudoriferous b. Apocrine c. Eccrine d. Sebaceous ANS: D 16. Which gland is most likely to develop a blackhead or pimple? a. Sebaceous b. Apocrine c. Eccrine d. Sudoriferous ANS: A 17. Which glands are most responsible for body odor? a. Apocrine b. Arrector pili c. Eccrine d. Sebaceous ANS: A 18. Both the mammary glands and ceruminous glands a. are sebaceous glands. b. are modified sweat glands. c. are concerned with temperature regulation. d. secrete earwax. ANS: B 19. Which of the following is associated with the conservation of heat? a. The person appears flushed. b. The person sweats. c. Melanin is secreted. d. Blood vessels constrict. ANS: D 20. A person sweats and becomes flushed while exercising to a. decrease heat production. b. keep the heat in the core or center of the body. c. lose heat. d. prevent hypothermia. ANS: C 21. What is the effect of shivering? a. Increases heat production b. Increases heat loss c. Causes the blood vessels of the skin to dilate d. Decreases sweating ANS: A 22. Which of the following has the poorest prognosis (expected outcome)? a. Freckles b. Vitiligo c. Melanoma d. Albinism ANS: C 23. The layer that insulates the body from extreme temperature changes in the externalenvironment is the a. epidermis. b. subcutaneous layer. c. stratum germinativum. d. dermis. ANS: B 24. Which of the following structures is avascular? a. Epidermis b. Subcutaneous layer c. Dermis d. Underlying muscle ANS: A 25. The name of the yellow pigment found in skin is a. keratin. b. collagen. c. carotene. d. vitamin D. ANS: C 26. This substance is produced by the skin and is necessary for the absorption of calcium from a. Keratin b. Vitamin D c. Carotene d.collogen Answer B 27. Anticancer drugs often cause hair loss, a condition called a. alopecia. b. hirsutism. c. vitiligo. d. keratinization. ANS: A 28. Sweat glands usually associated with hair follicles and found in the axillary and genital areasare called a. ceruminous glands. b. eccrine glands. c. sebaceous glands. d. apocrine glands. ANS: D 29. Which action is most likely to lower body temperature? a. Shivering b. Vasoconstriction c. Cyanosis d. Vasodilation ANS: D 30. What is the name of the thickening of the epidermis that develops in response to constantpressure or irritation? a. Nevus b. Vitiligo c. Callus d. Blister ANS: C 31. The stratum germinativum is a. dead. b. mitotically active. c. found in the derma layer. d. located in the subcutaneous layer. ANS: B 32. Which of the following occurs as a result of the secretion of fetal sebaceous glands? a. Amniotic fluid surrounds the fetus. b. The fetus is covered by vernix caseosa. c. The fetus raises its body temperature. d. Melanin is released and the fetus attains its natural skin color. 33. The hypodermis a. contains the stratum germinativum and stratum corneum. b. gives rise to the hair follicle. c. is also called the subcutaneous layer. d. is the cutaneous membrane. ANS: C 34. The sebaceous, apocrine, and eccrine glands are _ a. sweat b. endocrine c. sebum-secreting d. exocrine ANS: D 35. Nonshivering thermogenesis is accomplished by a. involuntary contraction of skeletal muscles. b. constriction of the dermal blood vessels. c. metabolism associated with brown fat. glands. d. involuntary contraction of the arrector pili muscles. ANS: C 36. Which of the following is descriptive of the epidermal layer? a. It is nourished by blood vessels in the dermal layer. b. It sits on the subcutaneous layer. c. It sits inferior to the stratum germinativum. d. It contains the cutaneous blood vessels, free nerve endings, tactile receptors, andarrector pili muscles. ANS: A 37. Which of the following is least descriptive of the dermal layer? a. It is nourished by blood vessels in the epidermal layer. b. It sits on the subcutaneous layer. c. It supports the epidermis. d. It contains the cutaneous blood vessels, free nerve endings, tactile receptors, andarrector pili muscles. ANS: A 38. What is the structure in this description: The cells are continuously dividing, pushing oldercells toward the surface of the cutaneous membrane? a. Sudoriferous glandular epithelium b. Dermis c. Arrector pili d. Stratum germinativum ANS: D 39. The stratum corneum is a. the outermost layer of the epidermis. b. an epidermal layer. c. nourished by blood vessels within the dermis. d. all of the above. ANS: D 40. The subcutaneous layer a. is composed of the stratum germinativum and stratum corneum. b. contains adipose tissue. c. cushions, binds, and insulates. d. Two of the above are true. ANS: D 41. Melanocytes a. secrete a tanning pigment in response to exposure to sunlight. b. secrete bilirubin and cause jaundice. c. are located only in the external ear and secrete cerumen. d. secrete carotene, giving the skin a yellow tint. ANS: A 42. Cyanosis a. refers to a bluish coloring of the skin caused by hypoxemia. b. refers to a yellow coloring of the skin caused by elevated blood levels of bilirubin. c. is caused by abnormal and spotty deposition of melanin. d. is a hardening of the skin due to keratin. ANS: A 43. Which of the following is true of sebaceous glands? a. They are exocrine glands. b. They are primarily responsible for temperature regulation. c. They secrete melanin in response to ultraviolet radiation. d. They secrete vitamin D in response to ultraviolet radiation. ANS: A 44. Eccrine glands a. are sweat glands. b. secrete sebum. c. are active only after puberty. d. arise within the hypodermis. ANS: A 45. Apocrine glands a. become active at puberty. b. are exocrine glands. c. are found primarily in the axillary and genital areas. d. All of the above are true. ANS: D 46. Vernix caseosa is a. secreted by eccrine glands. b. a cream cheese-like substance covering the skin of the fetus. c. found in a pimple. d. primarily concerned with temperature regulation. ANS: B 47. The hypothalamus a. is the body’s thermostat. b. can be affected by pyrogens. c. is involved in thermoregulation. d. All of the above are true. ANS: D 48. To lose heat, flushing is generally accompanied by a. activation of the eccrine glands. b. secretion of sebum. c. contraction of the arrector pili muscles. d. constriction of the cutaneous blood vessels. ANS: A 49. Shivering a. can restore temperature to normal but can never elevate temperature above 99 b. involves the involuntary contraction of only the arrector pili muscles. c. produces heat. d. activates the sebaceous glands. ANS: C 50. Brown fat is found in the fetus and neonate and is concerned with a. regulation of thirst. b. urine production by the fetal kidney. c. nonshivering thermogenesis. d. regulation of fetal and neonatal blood glucose. ANS: D 51. Rectal temperature is a. a measure of shell temperature. b. lower than oral and axillary temperatures. c. higher in the early morning than in late afternoon. d. a measurement of core temperature. ANS: D 52. Keratin is a. found only in the hypodermis. b. carried to the stratum corneum by the dermal blood vessels. c. a protein that hardens and makes an epidermal cell water resistant. d. pigment that makes the skin dark when exposed to the sun. ANS: C 53. Which of the following is least true of the epidermis? a. Is the thin outer layer of the skin b. Sits on the subcutaneous layer c. Is avascular d. Contains the stratum germinativum and the stratum corneum ANS: B 54. Which of the following describes exfoliation and desquamation? a. The sloughing off by the stratum corneum of dead cells b. The elimination of heat as part of the thermoregulatory mechanism c. The conservation of heat as part of the thermoregulatory mechanism d. Tanning as a protective mechanism from ultraviolet radiation ANS: A 55. Dander and dandruff are a. composed of dead skin cells. b. clumps of infected sebum. c. called striae. d. worn out tactile receptors. ANS: A 56. Which of the following is a true statement about hirsutism? a. It is also called alopecia. b. It may occur in response to abnormal secretion of hormones such as steroids. c. It is an abnormal color change of the skin. d. It refers to an inability to regulate body temperature. ANS: B 57. The hair follicle is a. the part of the hair that is above the surface of the skin. b. composed of epithelial cells. c. composed of dead and keratinized cells. d. that which we brush, blow dry, curl, and iron. ANS: B 58. With aging the hair becomes gray and then white as a. melanocytes become less active. b. eccrine glands become less functional. c. keratin secretion slows. d. the arrector pili muscles lose their tone. ANS-A Sudoriferous glands a. are sweat glands. b. participate in temperature regulation. c. include the eccrine and apocrine glands. d. All of the above are true. ANS: D The normal body temperature a. is 96.8 b. is highest at 7 AM and gradually decreases over the 24 hours. c. is maintained through thermoregulatory mechanisms. d. is40 ANS: C ANS: C C.. The use of a cooling blanket lowers body temperature through a. radiation. b. convection. c. conduction. d. evaporation. ANS: C A person feels warmer on a humid day because a. the decrease in evaporation of water from the skin surface decreases the loss ofheat. b. the body produces more heat on a humid day. c. a person breathes slower on a humid day and exhales less heated air. d. All of the above are true. ANS: A Which of the following is least true of hyperthermia? a. Body temperature is elevated. b. The elevated temperature is due to the inability of the body to get rid of excessheat. c. Hyperthermia is most often due to infection. d. Hyperthermia does not respond to the antipyretic effect of aspirin. ANS: C Which of the following is least true of a fever? a. Involves the upward resetting of the hypothalamus b. Often responds to the antipyretic effect of aspirin c. Is generally caused by an inability of the body to get rid of excess heat, as in heatstroke d. Is “broken” in response to vasodilation and sweating ANS-C