Chapter 7 quiz .docx

A cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life – Describing the characteristics of a cells is describing the properties of life. Activity of an organism depends on both the individual and the collective activities of its cells. Biochemical properties of cells are dictated by the relative...

A cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life – Describing the characteristics of a cells is describing the properties of life. Activity of an organism depends on both the individual and the collective activities of its cells. Biochemical properties of cells are dictated by the relative number of their specific subcellular structures. Continuity of life has a cellular basis. Most human cells range from 10 to 15 micrometers in diameter. What limits how large a cell can get? The cell's lifespan The nutrients available in the environment  The relationship between the cell's volume and length The relationship between the cell's length and surface area The relationship between the cell's volume and surface area Microscopy is often used to Study Cell Structure Most important thing about microscopy is not magnification, but resolution (i.e. ability to reveal detail). Which of the following is not one of the three basic components of a cell? Cytoplasm Nucleus Plasma membrane Interstitial fluid None of these are basic components of a cell The skeletal system Consists of bones, cartilage, and ligaments tightly joined together Cartilage is the forerunner of most bones in the embryo’s skeleton and bone development in childhood; Also covers the joint surfaces in mature skeletons; Ligaments hold bones together at the joints Tendons attach muscles to bones. Which of the following tissues could be found on or within a bone, such as the humerus? Adipose tissue Nervous tissue Cartilage Osseous tissue All of these Functions of the Skeleton Support of body, teeth, and viscera or organs (ex. Intestines) - Supports soft tissue - Provides attachment points for tendons of skeletal muscle Protection and enclose internal organs, such as brain, spinal cord, heart, lungs, pelvic viscera, and bone marrow Movements including those involving the limbs, breathing, and other movements where muscles act on bones Balance electrolytes through storage of Ca2+ and PO43- (aka Pi) and their release into the tissue fluids Acid-base balance through buffering blood against excessive pH changes by absorbing or releasing alkaline phosphate and carbonate salts Blood formation in the red bone marrow where blood and immune cells are produced. - Hematopoietic tissue: Tissue in which new blood cells are formed Which of the following functions of the skeletal system would be considered a "metabolic function"? Protection Support Mineral storage Movement Types of bones Long Bones have greater length than width and consist of a shaft and a variable number of ends. Short Bones are somewhat cube-shaped and nearly equal in length and width. Flat Bones are generally thin, afford considerable protection. Irregular Bones have complex shapes and cannot be grouped into any of the previous categories. Compact (or Cortical) bone is the outer shell of dense white osseous tissue Encloses marrow (or medullary) cavity that contains bone marrow. Spongy (or Cancellous) bone is in the central space at the ends of the long bone and just inside compact bone in the bone’s diaphysis or shaft. The principal component of bone that contributes to its hardness is __________. Hydroxyapatite Collagen Osteoid Organic Which represents the correct sequence of development of bone cells? osteogenic cells → osteocytes → osteoblasts → osteoclasts osteoblasts → osteoclasts → osteogenic cells → osteocytes osteoclasts → osteoblasts → osteocytes → osteogenic cells osteogenic cells → osteoblasts → osteocytes osteogenic cells → osteoblasts → osteocytes → osteoclasts Which of the following bone cell types is primarily responsible for initiating ossification of bone? Osteoblasts Osteoclasts Osteocytes Chondroblasts Adjacent osteocytes communicate via gap junctions found within ________. Lacunae Volkmann's canals Haversian canals Canaliculi An adult male is donating red bone marrow to determine if he is a match to a leukemia patient. Most likely, the doctor will collect the bone marrow from his ____________. Femoral diaphysis Humeral diaphysis Sternum Skull All bones formed via intramembranous ossification are ________ bones. long short flat irregular Which of the following bones are not formed by the picture shown below? vertebra humerus femur phalanges clavicle The process of intramembranous ossification generates bone within a pre-existing template composed of mesenchymal tissue. In contrast, endochondral ossification generates bone within a pre-existing template composed of _____. Hyaline cartilage Periosteum Articular cartilage Adipose tissue None of these choices Which characteristic of cartilage enhances its job as the precursor to endochondral bone? Cartilage can decay easily. Cartilage can accommodate mitosis. Cartilage is a weak tissue. Cartilage is retained as part of the skeletal system. What would long bone growth look like in an individual whose cartilage in the epiphyseal plate stopped dividing? The long bones would grow excessively. The long bones would cease growth in length. The long bones would cease growth in width. The long bones would appear normal Which of the following is a function of calcium in the body? Nerve cells require extracellular Ca2+ for proper functioning Ca2+ is a cofactor needed for many enzymes to function properly Ca2+ is required for the process of blood clotting Ca2+ is needed by muscle cells for contraction All of these are important roles of calcium in the body Which of the following best describes the process of bone resorption in bone remodeling? Acids and enzymes released by osteoclasts degrade collagen and dissolve away minerals, which diffuse through the interstitial fluid into nearby blood capillaries Sex hormones stimulate osteoblast activity during growth spurts Osteoblasts secrete the extracellular matrix of bone Osteocytes die and no longer maintain the nutrients needed to preserve the extracellular matrix The kidneys increase the rate at which calcium is excreted in urine In a patient whose parathyroid glands have been removed, you would expect that person's blood calcium levels to _______. Decrease Increase Stay the same Increase twofold