Chapter_6.pptx

Chapter 6 Nutrition and Digestive Systems 6-1 Introduction • This chapter will define and discuss the terms nutrition and nutrient • You will learn the difference between the ruminant and nonruminant digestive systems • This chapter will also discuss the importance of specific nutrients in animal...

Chapter 6 Nutrition and Digestive Systems 6-1 Introduction • This chapter will define and discuss the terms nutrition and nutrient • You will learn the difference between the ruminant and nonruminant digestive systems • This chapter will also discuss the importance of specific nutrients in animal diets 6-2 Nutrition OVERVIEW • Proper and balanced • Food and water ration • • • • Grow Maintain its body Reproduce Supply or produce the things we expect from it 6-3 Nutrition WATER • In every cell • Biochemical reactions • • • Respiration Digestion Assimilation • Transporting other nutrients Cont. 6-4 Nutrition WATER • • • • • Most important nutrient group Can go several days without food Is quickly absorbed Must be clean and fresh 55 to 65 percent of an animal’s body 6-5 Nutrition PROTEINS • Complex nutrients • • • • Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen • Found in feed materials • Amino acids 6-6 Nutrition CARBOHYDRATES • • • • • • Support bodily functions Produce heat Sugars Starches Crude fiber Nitrogen-free extracts 6-7 Nutrition FATS • Same chemical elements as carbohydrates • 2.25 times as much energy • Essential in the diet • • • Energy Absorption Fatty acids 6-8 Nutrition VITAMINS Organic substances Required in very small amounts Biochemical reactions Classified on the basis of their solubility • Only limited amounts are stored • • • • Cont. 6-9 Nutrition VITAMINS • Vitamin A • • • • Prevent poor vision Respiratory ailments Digestive problems Reproductive difficulties 6-10 Nutrition VITAMINS • Vitamin K • • • • Maintenance of normal blood coagulation Green forages Seeds Good hay 6-11 Nutrition VITAMINS • Vitamin B1 or thiamine • • • Decreased appetite Muscular weakness Characteristic paralysis 6-12 Nutrition MINERALS • Inorganic elements • Essential to life’s processes • Macrominerals • Required in large amounts • Microminerals • Needed in trace amounts 6-13 Nutrition MINERALS (MACROMINERALS) • • • • • • • Calcium Phosphorus Potassium Chlorine Sodium Sulfur Magnesium 6-14 Nutrition MINERALS (MICROMINERALS) • • • • • Iron Copper Iodine Cobalt Manganese Cont. 6-15 Nutrition MINERALS (MICROMINERALS) • Zinc • Molybdenum • Selenium 6-16 Animal Digestion OVERVIEW • Breaking down food • • Nutrient forms Absorbed into bloodstream • Digestive systems • • Ruminant animals Nonruminant animals 6-17 Animal Digestion RUMINANTS • Four compartments to their stomach • • • • Rumen Reticulum Omasum Abomasum 6-18 Animal Digestion NONRUMINANTS • Chewing • Digestive enzymes in saliva • Through the esophagus • Horses • Rabbits • Coprophagy 6-19 Animal Digestion DIGESTION IN BIRDS • • • • • • Single-stomached Do not have teeth Proventriculus Ventriculus or gizzard Small intestine, then large intestine Cloaca 6-20 Summary • Nutrition refers to an animal receiving a proper and balanced food and water ration for optimum health • The term nutrient refers to a single component of food that supports animal life • There are six basic nutrient groups: water, proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, and minerals Cont. 6-21 Summary • Digestion in animals is the process of breaking down food material into various nutrient forms that can be absorbed into the animal’s bloodstream • Digestive systems in animals are basically of two types: ruminant and nonruminant 6-22