Chapter 6,FO.pdf

Discovering Computers 2016 Tools, Apps, Devices, and the Impact of Technology Chapter 6 Computing Components Objectives Overview Identify characteristics of Describe the various Describe mu...

Discovering Computers 2016 Tools, Apps, Devices, and the Impact of Technology Chapter 6 Computing Components Objectives Overview Identify characteristics of Describe the various Describe multi-core various personal computer computer and mobile processors, the components processors on the market device cases and the of a processor, and the four today, and describe the contents they protect steps in a machine cycle ways processors are cooled Explain how program and Define a bit, and describe Explain the advantages and application instructions how a series of bits services of cloud computing transfer in and out of represents data memory © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied See Page 276 or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, 2 for Detailed Objectives in whole or in part. Objectives Overview Describe the Differentiate purpose of Explain the among the various adapter cards and function of a bus types of memory USB adapters Explain the Describe how to purpose of a care for computers power supply and and mobile batteries devices © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied See Page 276 or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, 3 for Detailed Objectives in whole or in part. Inside the Case The case contains and protects the electronics of the computer or mobile device from damage © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied Pages 276 - 277 or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, 4 Figure 6-1 in whole or in part. Inside the Case © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied Page 278 or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, 5 Figure 6-2 in whole or in part. Inside the Case The motherboard is the main circuit board of the computer – A computer chip contains integrated circuits © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied Pages 278 - 279 or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, 6 Figure 6-3 in whole or in part. Processors The processor, also called the central processing unit (CPU), interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate a computer A multi-core processor is a single chip with two or more separate processor cores Processors contain a control unit and an arithmetic logic unit (ALU) © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied Pages 280 - 281 or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, 7 in whole or in part. Processors © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied Page 281 or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, 8 Figure 6-4 in whole or in part. Processors The control unit is the component of the processor that directs and coordinates most of the operations in the computer The arithmetic logic unit (ALU) performs arithmetic, comparison, and other operations © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied Page 281 or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, 9 in whole or in part. Processors For every instruction, a processor repeats a set of four basic operations, which comprise a machine cycle © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied Pages 281 - 282 or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, 10 Figure 6-5 in whole or in part. Processors The processor contains registers, that temporarily hold data and instructions The system clock controls the timing of all computer operations The pace of the system clock is called the clock speed, and is usually measured in gigahertz (GHz) © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied Pages 282 - 283 or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, 11 in whole or in part. Processors The leading manufacturers of personal computer processor chips are Intel and AMD © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied Page 283 12 or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, Processors A processor chip generates heat that could cause the chip to malfunction or fail Require additional cooling – Heat sinks – Liquid cooling technology – Cooling pads © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied Page 284 or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, 13 Figures 6-6 – 6-7 in whole or in part. Cloud Computing Home and business users choose cloud computing for a variety of reasons Accessibility Cost savings Space Scalability savings © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied Page 287 or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, 14 in whole or in part. Data Representation Analog signals are continuous and vary in strength and quality Digital signals are in one of two states: on or off Most computers are digital The binary system uses two unique digits (0 and 1) Bits and bytes © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied Page 288 or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, 15 in whole or in part. Data Representation The circuitry in a computer or Eight bits grouped together as a mobile device represents the on or unit are called a byte. A byte the off states electronically by the presence or absence of an electronic represents a single character in charge the computer or mobile device Pages 288- 289 © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied 16 or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, Figures 6-8 – 6-9 Data Representation © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied Page 289 or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, 17 Figure 6-10 in whole or in part. Memory Memory consists of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed by the processor, data needed by those instructions, and the results of processing the data Stores three basic categories of items: Data being The operating processed and the system and other Applications resulting programs information © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied Page 290 or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, 18 in whole or in part. Memory Each location in memory has an address Memory size commonly is measured in gigabytes (GB) or terabytes (TB) © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied Page 290 or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, 19 Figure 6-11 in whole or in part. Memory Computers and mobile devices contain two types of memory: Volatile memory Nonvolatile memory Loses its contents when Does not lose contents power is turned off when power is removed Examples include ROM, Example includes RAM flash memory, and CMOS © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied Page 290 or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, 20 in whole or in part. Memory © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied Page 291 or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, 21 Figure 6-12 in whole or in part. Memory Two common types of RAM exist: Dynamic RAM Static RAM (SRAM) (DRAM) © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied Page 292 or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, 22 Table 6-1 in whole or in part. Memory RAM chips usually reside on a memory module and are inserted into memory slots © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied Page 293 or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, 23 Figure 6-13 in whole or in part. Memory Memory cache speeds the processes of the computer because it stores frequently used instructions and data © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied Page 294 or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, 24 Figure 6-14 in whole or in part. Memory Read-only memory (ROM) refers to memory chips storing permanent data and instructions Firmware © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied Page 294 or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, 25 in whole or in part. Memory Flash memory can be erased electronically and rewritten – CMOS technology uses battery power to retain information when when the power to the computer is off © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied Pages 295- 296 or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, 26 in whole or in part. Memory Access time is the amount of time it takes the processor to read from memory – Measured in nanoseconds © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied Page 296 or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, 27 Table 6-2 and Figure 6-15 in whole or in part. Adapters An adapter card enhances functions of a component of a desktop or server system unit and/or provides connections to peripherals – Sound card and video card An expansion slot is a socket on a desktop or server motherboard that can hold an adapter card Pages 297 - 298 © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied 28 or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, Table 6-3 Adapters With Plug and Play, the computer automatically can recognize peripheral devices as you install them © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied Pages 297 - 298 or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, 29 Figure 6-16 in whole or in part. Adapters A USB adapter enhances functions of a mobile computer and/or provides connections to peripheral devices © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied Pages 298 - 299 or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, 30 Figure 6-17 in whole or in part. Buses A bus allows the various devices both inside and attached to the system unit to communicate with one another – Data bus – Address bus Word size is the number of bits the processor can interpret and execute at a given time Pages 299 - 300 © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied 31 or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, Figure 6-18 Buses A computer might have these three types of buses: System Backside bus bus Expansion bus © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied Page 300 or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, 32 in whole or in part. Power Supply and Batteries The power supply or laptop AC adapter converts the wall outlet AC power into DC power © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied Page 301 or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, 33 Figure 6-19 in whole or in part. Power Supply and Battery Mobile computers and devices can run using either a power supply or batteries Batteries typically are rechargeable lithium-ion batteries © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied Pages 301 – 302 or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, 34 Figure 6-20 in whole or in part. Summary Types of processors, Various components Advantages and steps in a machine inside computers services of cloud cycle, and processor and mobile devices computing cooling methods How memory stores Adapters, buses, Ways to care for data and described power supplies and computers and various types of batteries mobile devices memory © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied Page 305 or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, 35 in whole or in part. Discovering Computers 2016 Tools, Apps, Devices, and the Impact of Technology Chapter 6 Computing Components Chapter 6 Complete