Chapter 6 Respiratory Equipment.pptx

Respiratory Equipment Objectives • Identify different medical equipment used in respiratory care and thier usage. Medical Gas Cylinders • Medical gases are stored either in portable highpressure cylinders or in large bulk reservoirs. Bulk reservoirs require a separate distribution system to del...

Respiratory Equipment Objectives • Identify different medical equipment used in respiratory care and thier usage. Medical Gas Cylinders • Medical gases are stored either in portable highpressure cylinders or in large bulk reservoirs. Bulk reservoirs require a separate distribution system to deliver the gas to the patient. Medical Gas Cylinders Oxygen Devices Oxygen Delivery Systems Nasal cannula • Nasal cannula: A (low-flow) nasal cannula is the most commonly used oxygen delivery device. • Advantages: disposable Oxygen Delivery Systems Simple Oxygen mask • Simple mask: Masks are the most commonly used reservoir systems. • Advantages: disposable Oxygen Delivery Systems Partial rebreathing mask • Advantages: disposable; moderate to high FiO2 Oxygen Delivery Systems Non-rebreathing mask • Advantages: disposable; moderate to high FiO2 Oxygen Delivery Systems Air-entrainment systems • Air-entrainment (venturi) mask. The use of an O2 mask with controlled FiO2 Bubble Humidifiers Oxygen Delivery Systems High-flow Nasal cannula • Advantages : Wide range of FiO2 and relative/absolute humidity; use on adults, children, HYPERBARIC OXYGEN THERAPY • HBO therapy is the therapeutic use of O2 at pressures greater than 1 atm. • Primary treatment of: • Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Airway Management Endotracheal Tube • Endotracheal Tube is placed through the mouth or nose into the trachea, and the cuff forms a seal against the tracheal wall. • ETTs allow ventilation with high levels of positive pressure, • Provide direct access to the lower airway for secretion removal and drug delivery • Prevent aspiration of foreign material into the lung • Permit bronchoscopic examination of the peripheral airways. Endotracheal Tube Airways • Oropharyngeal Airway: • Devices have been developed to displace or bypass the tongue and create a passage for air • Two most common oropharyngeal airway designs: the Guedel airway and the Berman airway Berman airway Guedel airway Oropharyngeal Airways A Guedel airway: consists of a hollow, central channel for air passage. The Berman airway: is similar in shape to the Guedel airway but has a different cross-sectional profile, and it does not have a protected central channel. Oropharyngeal airways: Selecting a size: They are inserted into the mouth over the tongue from the corner of the patient’s mouth to the angle of the jaw following the natural curve of the airway. • Use of oropharyngeal airways should be restricted to unconscious patients to avoid gagging and regurgitation. • Use of oropharyngeal airway OPA: • These airways maintain a patent airway when the tongue would otherwise obstruct the oropharynx. • The airway also can be used as a bite block for patients with oral tubes Nasopharyngeal airways •The nasopharyngeal airway is a simple airway adjunct •Use of NPA: Better tolerated than are oral airways by alert patients who retain some protective airway reflexes. •Can be used to facilitate ventilation and removal of secretions •Selecting a size: The appropriate length can be estimated by measuring the distance from the patient’s earlobe to the tip of the nose. •Nasal bleeding can complicate insertion of the nasopharyngeal airway. Laryngeal Mask Airway • The LMA consists of a short tube and a small mask that is inserted deep into the oropharynx Uses and Application of LMA • Establishes airway in proven difficult intubations • Provides less hemodynamic response during surgical procedures • Provides less airway reaction TRACHEOSTOMY TUBES • TTs are generally made from polyvinyl chloride or silicone, although some are still made from metal. • Similar to an ETT, a Tracheostomy tubes consists of a round, plastic tube— with or without a cuff, pilot balloon Tracheotomy is the procedure of establishing access to the trachea via a neck incision. The opening created by this procedure is called a tracheostomy. There have two types Laryngoscopes • Placement of an ETT requires specialized equipment (e.g., laryngoscopes) • laryngoscopes allows direct visualization of the larynx and control of the supraglottic structures • consisted of a handle containing a battery and a detachable blade with a light bulb • straight blade (Miller blade) • curved blade (Macintosh blade). Glidescope MANUAL RESUSCITATORS • Manual resuscitators (or resuscitator bags) are portable, handheld devices that provide a means of delivering positive-pressure ventilation to a patient’s airway. These devices incorporate a self-inflating bag, an air intake valve, a nonrebreathing valve mechanism, an oxygen inlet nipple, and an oxygen reservoir, which may be an attached tube or bag BRONCHOSCOPY • Flexible bronchoscopy : • The FB uses fiber optic bundles to light up the endobronchial tree • Diagnostic value RIGID BRONCHOSCOPY • Rigid bronchoscopy : • A hollow, straight tube of stainless steel with proximal side ports which are used to connect to anesthesia circuits and light source. • Allows for large foreign body extraction. BRONCHOSCOPY Suction catheters • Suctioning is the application of negative pressure (vacuum) to the airways through a collecting tube (flexible catheter or suction tip). • Suctioning can be performed by way of either the upper airway (oropharynx) or the lower airway (trachea and bronchi). • Secretions or fluids also can be removed from the oropharynx by using a rigid tonsillar or Yankauer suction tip. • Access to the lower airway is by introduction of a flexible suction catheter. Sputum Sampling Sputum samples are often collected to identify organisms infecting the airway. To obtain the sample, the suctioning procedures should be followed. Small volume nebulizer Used to deliver aerosol therapy (medications) . Large volume nebulizer Used to deliver oxygen therapy. Thank You