Foundations of Globalization Chapter 5 PDF

 Key Idea for Related Issue II How decisions made and actions taken in the past are legacies of historical globalization How struggles between people with differing points of view and perspectives continue to affect the world today How governments, groups, and individuals are attempting to...

 Key Idea for Related Issue II How decisions made and actions taken in the past are legacies of historical globalization How struggles between people with differing points of view and perspectives continue to affect the world today How governments, groups, and individuals are attempting to respond to the effects of historical globalization How you can develop a deeper understanding of the relationship between historical globalization and your own life How you can respond to the effects of historical globalization Two Key Terms: Contemporary Society (modern, today, present) 10 years Legacies Historical Globalization - need to define this more clearly TWE = To what extent = Take a position  Chapter 5 Foundations of Globalization To what extent did early globalization affect peoples of the world? Connect These Words SILK ROAD FEUDALISM BLACK DEATH MERCANTILISM IMPERIALISM HIERARCHY MIDDLE CLASS CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS PRINCE HENRY THE NAVIGATOR 1347 DISEASES DEPOPULATION COLONY SLAVERY Awesome words  Numbers What are all the ways we use numbers in modern society? - Describe the amount - Economy of something - Statistics? - Tiktok likes Coding (binary code - Time 01) - Data - Rating/Ranking Money - Money - Prices - Percentages - Data - Statistics - Taxes - Shoe size - Money - Age - Time - Years - Cooking ingredients Indo-Arabic Number System At one time, there were different number systems for counting, measuring, and calculating the value of goods around the world It wasn’t until globalization and increased trade that a more universal numbering system became established Why might having multiple number systems be a problem for countries trying to trade with one another?  Why and How did Globalization Begin? 01 02 03 Silk Road Historical Modern Globalization Globalization Globalization 325 BCE - 1400 CE 1492 - WWII (1945) WWII (1945) - Present Arab Traders Christopher Columbus “Contemporary Genghis Khan (Mongols) Age of Exploration Globalization” Maurya (India) aka European Imperialism Rise of United States China - Europe Globalized markets Rise of China and India Focused on Economic Globalization  Why and How did Globalization Begin? 04 05 Trade Spread of Ideas Motivating Factor that This happens incidentally increases global trade when groups of traders meet and discuss the news Desire for countries and of the day. The numbers individuals to generate example from the previous wealth from trade slide is an example of this shared knowledge First Round Goods and ideas were exchanged through ancient trade routes. Arab civilizations transferred knowledge of Indian science, mathematics, and literature to Europe Travel down the Silk Road Asia to Europe (Italian City-States) New goods (spice, silks, salt, porcelain) Also the exchange of ideas Problems? land pirates (robbers) camels can only carry limited cargo 1. Economic Impact - those that buy & produce 2. Ideas - primary function of the silk road to impact others (Buddhism) 3. Spread of disease - many times - nearly 1/2 of Europeans dying in a short period of time Impact on Globalization of the Silk Road Become more affordable Goods Some items seen as luxuries become more affordable to various European classes Knowledge, Religion Medicine and Science Ideas Impact on the Renaissance Second Round 1400s: Rise of Imperialism resulted in globalization from European countries. This was due to advancement in sailing technology, allowing people to travel much further than ever before Improvements over Round 1 Caravel - this ship could carry more cargo and was considered faster and safer than land travel even with pirates / storms on the seas Spurred on European Imperialism Changes in Europe (after 1347) 1. Gutenberg invents the printing press(1436) ; ideas spread rapidly 2. Rise of the Middle Class - wealth shifts from nobility to merchants and tradespeople 3. Rural to Urban Shift of population 4. Trade becomes the driving force of the economy, not agriculture ($$$ not land as power) 5. New ideas from across Eurasia are embraced 6. New technologies are created based on foreign technologies Larger sails, medicines, gunpowder, etc.  The Grand (Columbian) Exchange When Columbus returned to the Americas, he arrived with trade goods ○ This included fruit trees, seeds, and livestock This trade sparked a trade revolution, leading to the widespread transfer of plants, animals, culture, human populations, technology, and disease began between Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Americas This kind of trade changed societies around the world... Global Competition for Trade Post-Columbus (after 1492) Many European countries competed to establish colonial empires in the Americas and throughout other continents These ideas of colonization form the rise of European Imperialism ○ Extending a country’s power/influence by acquiring new territories and establishing control over other countries and their people Why might European monarchs want to expand their empire? British Empire French Empire Spanish Empire Portugese Empire Dutch Empire Dividing up the World European powers, namely British, French, Spanish, Portuguese, and Dutch, established large colonies by the late 1700s Europeans believed their own culture and customs to be superior to the culture/customs in the territories they colonized (EUROCENTRISM) Monarchs declared the people in their colonized land as their own subjects and forced them to follow their home country’s laws and customs Countries encouraged their people to emigrate to these new colonies ○ Why would monarchs want people to emigrate to these new colonies? Mercantilism Countries that claimed colonies would establish strict control over the colonies’ trade rules Raw materials would be extracted from these colonies and shipped back to the home country to create artisan goods ➔ Colonies were viewed as sources of cheap raw materials This restriction on trade is known as mercantilism The Decline of Mercantilism In the 18th century, citizens started to resist the policies of mercantilism ○ One important example of this resistance is the American War of Independence Why would people in the colonies resist mercantilism? The Rise of Capitalism Three Natural Laws of Economics: 1. Law of Self Interest People work for their own Adam Smith, a Scottish economist good writes a book called The Wealth of 1. Law of Competition Nations Competition forces people to make better products Credited as the creator of modern 1. Law of Supply and Demand Capitalism Enough goods would be produced at the lowest Capitalism stresses free trade possible price to meet without government control demands of the market. The “invisible hand” of supply The Industrial Revolution Began in the 1700’s; the invention of steam power in Britain was the most notable innovation during this period ○ Why might steam power be so notable? Consumers were demanding more goods and business owners were devising new ways to mass produce products quickly, and in a cost-efficient manner ○ Example: Assembly lines Technology was used to develop machines to manufacture products more rapidly and relied less on human labour The Industrial Revolution Prior to this period, goods were made by hand in homes or by tradespeople (cottage industry) ○ This shifted to large machines employing workers to run them This new way of working, in factories, led to economic, social, and cultural change in Europe The raw materials needed to feed the machine of industrialism was provided through mercantilism and imperial practice The Age of Industry - Thursday While we are watching the video I want you to be taking notes - similar to what we did with the documentary “Bitter Chocolate” Source Analysis Third Round Post WWII: Rapid growth in the world market, increases in communication speeds, rise of China and India as economic powers Modern or Contemporary globalization This round of globalization is where we remain today as the world’s economy increasingly becomes interconnected Go into detail in Related Issue III - Economic Globalization The Transatlantic Slave Trade Slavery has existed for thousands of years Often the legacy of war between groups / tribes Ancient Rome / Greece - part of their social structure The growing demand for labour in European colonies led to a new approaches to slavery Chattel Slavery - a chattel is a possession. Slaves, and their descendents, were property Africans and Indigenous Peoples were captured and enslaved specifically because of their race Consequences of Imperialism The Transatlantic Slave Trade 1400s: Portuguese began bringing slaves back to Europe as ‘products’ for sale as servants 1500s: Britain, France, Spain, and Holland joined the slave trade to provide labour to profitable plantations in the New World America began to take slaves to work on cotton and tobacco plantations in the South Abolitionist Movements Abolitionist Movements Slaves were treated inhumanely and brutally, but few outside of plantations were aware of what was truly going on In the late 1700s, books like former slave Olaudah Equiano’s autobiography started to reveal the realities of slave life to the public The abolitionist movement began to grow and many countries began to outlaw slavery The Emancipation Act of 1833 outlawed slavery throughout the British Empire 1861-1865 - American Civil War 1863 - The Emancipation Proclamation signed in the United States Legacies of Slavery in the United States Juneteenth Enslaved People in Canada 1671 - 1834 Enslaved peoples were brought to Canada by Europeans ⅔ African people, ⅓ Indigenous peoples 1833 Slavery is abolished in the British Commonwealth United States was already separate from Britain at this time Indentured Servitude ➔ Poor settlers would sign contracts for very little pay ➔ Normally the contracts were for 7 years ➔ Child labour was also used for low cost labour in the colonies  A picture is worth a thousand words