Chapter 5-6 Test Study Guide 2024 PDF

**[Chapter 5- Patterns of Inheritance]** **5.1 Understanding Inheritance** - Definitions of trait, true-breeding, cross, parental or P generation, first filial or F~1~ generation, second filial or F~2~ generation, monohybrid cross, dominant trait/allele, recessive trait/allele, genot...

**[Chapter 5- Patterns of Inheritance]** **5.1 Understanding Inheritance** - Definitions of trait, true-breeding, cross, parental or P generation, first filial or F~1~ generation, second filial or F~2~ generation, monohybrid cross, dominant trait/allele, recessive trait/allele, genotype, homozygous, heterozygous, and phenotype - Reasons why Mendel chose the garden pea plant for his crossbreeding experiments - Be able to describe Mendel's experiments and explain the results of his monohybrid crosses - Law of Segregation **5.2 Studying Genetic Crosses** - Definitions of Punnett square, test cross, dihybrid cross, and chromosome theory of inheritance - Understand how to use test crosses to determine if an individual is homozygous or heterozygous for a dominant trait - Be able to describe Mendel's experiments and explain the results of his dihybrid crosses - Law of Independent Assortment - Using a Punnett square, be able to predict the probability of producing offspring with a given genotype or phenotype. Also be to determine the genotypic ratio or phenotypic ratio for the offspring of any given cross **[(\*\*\* Be able to do this for sections 5.3, 6.1 and 6.2 also)]** **5.3 Following Patterns of Inheritance in Humans** - Definition of pedigree, autosomal inheritance, autosomal dominant disorder, autosomal recessive disorder, genetic tests, and gene therapy - Know the meaning of all symbols in a pedigree and the three different uses for pedigrees - Be able to figure out genotypes from phenotypes on a pedigree **[(\*\*\* Be able to do this for sections 6.1 and 6.2 also)]** - Be able to determine the pattern of inheritance for a particular trait by examining a pedigree **[(\*\*\* Be able to do this for sections 6.1 and 6.2 also)]** - Huntington's disease and cystic fibrosis -- symptoms and pattern of inheritance - Types of genetic tests (e.g. karyotype, FISH, gene testing, biochemical testing) -- know what they analyze and examples of diseases they can detect - General procedure for gene therapy and obstacles to its success **[Chapter 6 -- Complex Patterns of Inheritance]** **6.1 Beyond Mendel's Observations of Inheritance** - Definitions and examples of incomplete dominance, codominance, multiple alleles, polygenic inheritance, and heterozygous advantage - Understand that environmental conditions often affect expression of traits - Be able to explain how ABO blood types are an example of codominance and dominance - Be able to explain and predict whether a blood transfusion between individuals of given blood types would be compatible **\ ** **6.2 Inheritance of Linked Genes** - Definition of linked genes, linkage group, chromosome mapping, sex-linked trait, X-linked genes, Y-linked genes, X-linked dominant, X-linked recessive, and Barr body - Be able to explain how crossing over can cause linked genes to be "unlinked" and how the frequency of crossing over can be used for chromosome mapping **6.3 The Future of Genetic Research** - Definition of human genome, bioinformatics, genomics, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), haplotype, HapMap Project, microarray, and genetic profile - Goals of the Human Genome Project (HGP) and some of their major discoveries - How microarrays can be used - The benefits and risks of creating genetic profiles **Test date**: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ **Bring the following**: pencil, eraser, pen (optional), calculator