Philippine Constitution PDF

▪ 1935 Constitution, which featured as political system virtually identical to the ▪ This was raffled and proclaimed by President Marcos on January American one, became ▪ Often called t...

▪ 1935 Constitution, which featured as political system virtually identical to the ▪ This was raffled and proclaimed by President Marcos on January American one, became ▪ Often called the “Freedom operative. The system called for a 17, 1973 amidst widespread Constitution”. This constitution President to be elected tat large protest and controversy. With was intended as a transitional for a 4- year term (subject to one the proclamation of a new constitution to ensure democracy re- election). Constitution, the presidential and the freedom of the people. ▪ 1935 Constitution seemed to form of government was serve the nation very well. It gave changes to a modified the Philippine twenty –six years parliamentary form. of stable constitutional government. ▪ Emilio Aguinaldo established his headquarters in Biak- na – Bato in Bulacan, province. The news immediately spread throughout the country and the revolutionaries were once more in high spirits. ▪ General Llanera, who was in Nueva Ecija, declared his support for Aguinaldo. ▪ The constitution of Biak- na- Bato was the provincial Constitution of the Philippine Republic during the Philippine revolution. ▪ The Political Constitution of 1899, informally known as the Malolos Constitution, was the constitution of the First Philippine Republic. It was written by Felipe Calderon y Roca and Felipe Buencamino. ▪ Convened in Barasoain Church in Malolos ( Malolos City, Bulacan) ▪ Upon the defeat of the defeat of the Spanish to the Americans in the Battle of Manila Bay on May 1, 1898, the United States navy transported Aguinaldo back to the Philippines. The newly reformed Philippine revolutionary forces reverted to the control of Aguinaldo and the Philippine Declaration of Independence was issued on June 12, 1898. ▪ On September 17, 1898, the Malolos Congress was elected which selected to a commission to draw up a draft which was composed of wealthy and educated men. ▪ The document was approved by the Congress on November 29, 1898 and promulgated by Aguinaldo on January 21, 1899. ▪ It states basic civil rights, separated the church from the state, and called for the creation of Assembly of Representatives which would act as the legislative body. ▪ Constitution has 39 articles divided into 14 titles. It is patterned after the Spanish Constitution of 1812, with influences from the charters of Belgium, Mexico, Brazil, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Guatemala, and the French Constitution of 1793. ▪ According to the main author of the Constitution, Felipe Calderon, the countries were studies because they share the similar social, political, ethnological and governance conditions with the Philippines. ▪ Projects influenced the Malolos Constitution: ▪ Kartilya ▪ Charter of laws and morals of the Katipunan written by Emilio Jacinto ▪ Biak- na- Bato Constitution ▪ Mabini’s Constitutional Program  It is an administration body that governed the Philippines from 1935 to 1946. A transitional administration to prepare the country towards its full achievement of independence. It was amended in 1940 to have a bicameral congress composed of Senate and a House of Representatives, as well as the creation of an independent electoral commission and limited the term of office of the President and Vice president to four years with one re election. Manuel L. Quezon was elected as President of the Commonwealth when elections were held in September 1935. With Marcos as dictator, the direction of the convention turned with accounts that the president himself dictated some provisions of the constitution, manipulating the document to be able to hold on to power for as long as he can. 1976 Citizen Assemblies decided to allow the continuation of Martial Law and approved the following amendments: ▪ Interim Batasang Pambansa to substitute for Interim National Assembly ▪ The president to become the Prime Minister ▪ Martial law was lifted for emergency Basis 1980 Retirement age of the members of Judiciary was extended to 70 years.