Chapter 4 Clothes and Fibres PDF

# Chapter 4: Clothes and Fibres ## UNIT 2: Materials ### Warm Up *Look at the picture below. Tick (v) mark the things which are made of cloth.* ### Learning Objectives * Sources of fibres * Natural fibres * Synthetic fibres * Clothes and climate As you can see from the picture, we use cloths in...

# Chapter 4: Clothes and Fibres ## UNIT 2: Materials ### Warm Up *Look at the picture below. Tick (v) mark the things which are made of cloth.* ### Learning Objectives * Sources of fibres * Natural fibres * Synthetic fibres * Clothes and climate As you can see from the picture, we use cloths in many different ways. We need clothes for wearing. We need cloths to furnish our homes. We need cloths to make bags and covers. We need cloths for many other things. Cloths are an important part of our day-to-day life. ### Cloths are made from long, thin strands or threads called fibres. These fibres are put together by various processes to make broad spreads of cloths called fabrics. ## Sources of Fibres We get fibres from natural as well as artificial sources. Fibres that we get from plants and animals are called natural fibres. We also produce fibres from different chemicals in factories. These are called synthetic or artificial fibres. ## Natural Fibres ### Plant Fibres * **Cotton:** The cotton plant bears light and fluffy cotton bolls which burst open. These cotton bolls have thin fibres in them. * **Linen:** Linen fibre is produced from the stalk of the flax plant. The stems of flax plants are allowed to rot. Then they are beaten to separate the long fibres. These fibres are woven into linen cloth. The fibres are twisted or spun into strong threads called yarn. Spinning is done with a spinning wheel or with spinning machines. * A wooden spinning wheel * A modern spinning machine The yarn is later woven together on a machine called a loom to make cloth. * A traditional hand loom * A modern power loom Sometimes the cloth is dyed with colours or printed after that. * Clothes being dyed * Cloth being printed with wooden blocks Cotton and linen are mostly used in making clothes **Jute:** Jute fibre is produced from the stem and outer skin of the jute plant. Hessian, the thick rough cloth made from jute, is mostly used in making sacks, bags, curtains, carpets, rugs and ropes. ### Welcome #### Jute products #### Coir products **Coir:** Coir is produced from the outer shell of a coconut. Coir is used to make doormats, mattresses, brushes, sacks and ropes. ## Animal Fibres **Wool:** Animals that have a thick coat of hair on their skin give us wool. The coat is called fleece. We get wool mostly from sheep. We also get some wool from goats and camels. The fleece is cut off or sheared. It has fibres. Woollen fibres are made into woollen threads and then woven into woollen cloth. Woollen cloth is used to make warm clothes like coats, jackets and blankets. Wool that has been moistened, pressed together and allowed to shrink into a thick flat sheet is known as felt. Felt is often used in industry and musical instruments to reduce the effect of vibrations. Woollen yarn is also used to knit different clothes like sweaters, gloves and socks. Woollen clothes keep us warm. So, they are used in winter. They do not crush easily. * A sheep being sheared **Silk:** Silk fibres are made by an insect called the silk moth. Silk moths lay eggs. The eggs hatch into caterpillars or silkworms. Young silkworms eat mulberry leaves and grow. The silkworms spin a silky thread and wrap it around their bodies. This silky covering is called a cocoon. The cocoons are put in hot water and then skilled workers carefully unwind this thread. The thread is woven into a silk cloth. The soft touch and shiny look of silk makes it an important fibre to make expensive clothes, furnishings and carpets. * A sweater being knitted * Cocoon * Silkworms on mulberry leaves ## Synthetic Fibres Fibres produced by chemical processes in factories are called synthetic fibres. Rayon, nylon, polyester, acrylic and terylene are some synthetic fibres. Fabrics made up of synthetic fibres are used for similar purposes as natural clothes ## Do You Know? *21st Century Information Literacy Skills* * Synthetic fibre spoola * Rayon was the first synthetic fibre developed. ## Differences Between Natural and Synthetic Fabrics * Synthetic fabrics are stronger and more durable than natural fibres. * Natural fibres like cotton and linen do not catch fire easily. But synthetic clothes catch fire easily. They should not be worn while bursting crackers or cooking. They may even melt if touched by hot iron. * Cotton and linen clothes take time to dry. They also shrink a little and wrinkle easily. Synthetic fabrics dry quickly, do not shrink and need very little ironing. * Natural fabrics do not react with skin. But synthetic fabrics can cause rashes. ## Clothes and Climate The types of clothes worn by people depend greatly on the climate and season of that area. When it is cold, people wear heavy woollen garments to protect themselves from cold. They also wear shoes, socks and gloves. We wear woollen clothes in winter When it is warm, people wear clothes made of cotton and linen. These clothes are light and absorb sweat. They have pores which allow our body heat to escape and makes us feel cool and comfortable. In rainy season, people use waterproof materials like rubber, plastic, etc. to protect themselves from rain. # Fibre is a long, thin strand or thread of material. Cloth is made by weaving or knitting threads together. Fibres that we get from plants and animals are called natural fibres. Human made fibres are known as synthetic fibres. Fibres are twisted or spun into yarn and later woven together to make cloth. Wool is obtained from fleece of some animals. Silk fibres are collected from the cocoons of silkworms. Clothes worn by people depend on the climate. **Furnish:** to have furniture/curtains and other decorations in a room or building **Fibre:** a long, thin strand or thread of material **Loom:** weaving machine **Dyed:** coloured **Fleece:** coat of an animal **Shear:** to cut off or trim the fleece **Knit:** to make a fabric by joining together pieces of heavy threads by hand with long needles or by machines **Cocoon:** silky covering spun by the silkworm **Wrinkle:** a fold in cloth # Exercises ## A. Fill in the blanks with the correct option. 1. Cloths are made from long, thin strands or threads of material called fibres * fabrics/fibres 2. Fibres are zkun into threads. * knit/spur 3. Warm clothes are made from wollen fibres * woollen/linen 4. coin is obtained from coconut fibres. * Jute/Colr 5. Herrinn cloth is used for making sacks. * Hessian/Silk ## B. Tick (v) the correct answer. 1. The fibre of these clothes are obtained from animals. * a. Cotton trousers * b. Polyester shirts 2. This cloth is obtained from flax. * a. Cotton * b. Linen * c. Polyester 3. The correct order when making a cloth is * a. fibre, yarn, cloth * b. yarn, fibre, cloth * c. yarn, cloth, fibre. 4. Cocoon: Silk cloth; Jute: * a. Linen * b. Hessian * c. Felt 5. It is a synthetic fibre. * has. Coir * ?b. Acrylic * c. Wool ## C. Match the following. 1. Fleece * a. Weaving machine 2. Cocoon * b. Coat of sheep 3. Loom * c. Flax 4. Linen * d. Silkworm 5. Rubber * e. Waterproof ?c. Woollen sweaters ## D. Answer these questions. 1. How do we get coloured, printed cotton cloth? 2. How do we get wool? 3. How is silk cloth made? 4. How do we get fibres from flax plant? 5. What are the differences between natural fibres and synthetic fibres? ## Let's Think ### Proficiency #### Adaptive reasoning 1. Find out and write down the differences between the type of clothes a farmer and a factory worker wears. 2. What type of cloth is used for making an umbrella? What do you think should be the properties of that cloth? ## Subject Enhancement **21 Let's Do Century Leadership and responsibility** ### Skills Divide the class into two groups. The first group may act as manufacturers of natural fibres and the second group may act as manufacturers of synthetic fibres. Let each group put together a presentation to convince others that their fibres are superior and should be preferred over the fibres of the other group. ## Field Trip Along with your parents or a teacher: ### Discovery-based learning 1. visit a textile mill and see how cloth is made. 2. visit a sericulture farm to see how silk thread is obtained. ## Project Idea ## 21st Century Social and Cultural Skills ### Skills Each state in India has a distinct costume. In your scrapbook, paste photographs of costumes of different regions of India. ### Life Skills Education Empathy What do you do with your old clothes? You should donate them to an orphanage and encourage your family and friends to do the same. ## Teacher's Notes Get the Warm Up section done so that the students realize the importance of cloth. Try to show them natural fibres, like silk and cotton fibres. Through a PowerPoint presentation explain how we get cloth. Show the students different types of clothes.