Chapter 3 Process Design PDF

Chapter 3: process design Question 1 what is process design ? -Design : It is a plan ,blueprint or outline created to reflect the look & function of goods such as cars ,television before its made or services such as education ,healthcare , transportation. -process : It refers to activity that add...

Chapter 3: process design Question 1 what is process design ? -Design : It is a plan ,blueprint or outline created to reflect the look & function of goods such as cars ,television before its made or services such as education ,healthcare , transportation. -process : It refers to activity that adds value. -Process design : a set of processes that will transform the input into output and It refers to shaping the physical form & purpose of the activities that produce goods and services. We have to know that process design have some objectives include. Why we change the output or design ? -Meeting the needs of customers through prices and quality. -`Talking into consideration the environmental issues. -Also we have to know what business process mean: is a set of related business activity that combine to deliver something of value Question 2: what are the difference between services and goods process design ? For goods and services the process design is equally important. Goods and services are required to meet customer needs But In services, they’ve added dimension, which is we design both the service itself and the concept of service. Question 3: What are the objectives of process design? 1-Meeting the needs of customers through accomplishing a proper level of quality, cost, speed of delivery, flexibility, dependently and after sale services. 2-taking into consideration the environmental issues including sources of consumed energy and amount of materials used. Question 4: discuss the main element designed in product. 3 main element designed in product 1-concept : benefit expected 1 2-package : goods or services 3-process: the way organization introduce its product Question 5: mention the steps of process design 1-concept generation : it maybe internal like customer or competitors or external like marketing or research 2-screening: marketing screening or operation or financial 3-relevant design 4-evaluation & improvement 5-final design Question 5 : what are the different types of processes ? We have tow types of process ? 1-intermitten : project and batch 2-repetative : line and continuous 1-Intermitten operations: -Are used to produce a variety of products with different processing requirement in lower volume. Ex: health care facility or tool shop -different product have different processing needs and we have no route stander for all product. -workers need to be flexible to perform tasks as needed for different product. -use labor incentive rather than capital incentive 1-project: 2 -A project process is used to make a one-off product to a customer specifications. -A feature of a project process is the location of product is fixed. 2-bacth: -Batch process cover a relatively wide range of volume and variety of combination. -Products are grouped into batches whose batch size from 2 to 100 products. 2-repatitve operations: -Are used to produce one or few standardized product in a high volume Ex: assembly line and car wash -resources are organized in a line flow to efficiently accommodate production of product -in this environment its possible to arrange resources in a line because there is only one type of product -use capital incentive rather than labor incentive 1-line: -A mass or line process produces products of high volume & low variety. -The process of production will be the same for all products. 2-contionous -A continuous process operates continuously to produce a very high volume of a stander products The product produced by a continuous operation are usually as a continuous flow. Note : we must know the diff between intermittent & repetitive: Its related to tow dimension 1-amount of product volume 2-degree of product standardized Note : we must know the diff between intermittent & repetitive: Its related to tow dimension 3 1-amount of product volume 2-degree of product standardized Question 6: mention the important consedration when process designed Inherent safety: All processes which might constitute a danger to either staff or customers should not be accessible to the unauthorized. Length of flow: The flow of materials, information or customers should be appropriate for the operation. 4 Clarity of flow: All flow of materials and customers should be well signposted, clear and evident to staff and customers alike. Staff conditions: Staff should be located away from noisy or unpleasant parts of the operation. Management coordination: Supervision and communication should be assisted by the location of staff and communication devices. Accessibility: All machines and facilities should be accessible for proper cleaning and maintenance. Use of space: All layouts should use space appropriately. Long-term flexibility: Layouts need to be changed periodically. Question7 : mention the steps of process design 1-concept generation : it maybe internal like customer or competitors or external like marketing or research 2-screening: marketing screening or operation or financial 3-relevant design 4-evaluation & improvement 5-final design Question 8 : common drivers of process design 1-the need to increase efficiency 2-the need to evaluate business practice as part of an organizational development project 3-the need to evaluate potential new business ventures 4-the need to manage the company knowledge resources 5-the need to manage human resources Question 9 : process design objectives 5 Operation Typical process design objective performance objective Quality -Provide appropriate resources and ability to achieving the specification of product or services -Error free processing Speed -Minimum throughput time -Output rate appropriate for demand Dependability -Provide dependable process resources -Reliable process output timing and volume Flexibility Provide resources with an appropriate range of capabilities cost -Appropriate capacity to meet demand -Eliminate process waste In terms of 1-excess capacity 2-excess process capability 3-in process delays 4-in process errors 5-inappropriate process inputs 6