Connective Tissue | Chapter 3 | PDF

CONNECTIVE TISSUE  CONNECTIVE TISSUE ‫نسيج الضام‬ is formed of 3 components A. Cells. B. Fibres. C. Extracellular matrix Character ‫خصائص‬...

CONNECTIVE TISSUE  CONNECTIVE TISSUE ‫نسيج الضام‬ is formed of 3 components A. Cells. B. Fibres. C. Extracellular matrix Character ‫خصائص‬ 1- Formed of widely separated cells 2. Rich in blood vessels, nerves ‫مليان اوعيه دمويه‬ 3- origin→ from mesoderm (from cell called mesodermal of mesenchymal cells). 1- Cells 1-UMCs ‫ماما‬ 2-Pericyte‫حول‬ 3-Fibroblast 4-Reticular‫شبكه‬ 5-Pigment ‫صبغه‬ (undifferentiated mesenchymal cells) Fibroblast ‫شاب‬ Fibrocytes‫عجوز‬ Origin UMCs UMCs+ Pericytes UMCs+ Pericytes UMCs+ Pericytes Monocytes Site Around blood Most common type in connective tissue capillaries Shape LM Branched Branched e long many branches Few branches Small Branched cells Branched process Stellate in shape Spindle in shape → stellate Oval N Oval N Pale oval Dark oval Round ‫دائرى‬ Round Basophilic Basophilic Dark basophilic Pale basophilic Basophilic Basophilic + granular EM ‫ثالثى المرح‬ rER +Golgi + Mitochondria Free ribosomes + Free ribosomes + Melanin granules centrioles centrioles ( melanosomes) Function Differentiate to Vasoconstriction 1-Form ‫تكون‬ After injury 1-Form reticular fibres 1-Store melanin 1-C.T. cells ‫ضيق الوعاء الدموى‬ -Fibres - Matrix Differentiate to ‫تكون شبكه‬ 2-Give colour 2- Blood cells ‫دم‬ + ‫زى للى قبلها‬ 2-Production of fibroblast 2-Phagocytosis ‫تاكل‬ 3-Protection from 3-Smooth m. ‫عضله‬ growth factors 3-Antigen presenting ultra violet rays 4- endothelial cells 3-Divide in wound cell ‫ تقدم‬to lymphocyte  6-Adipocytes 7-Mast cell 8-Plasma cell 9-Macrophage White adipose Brown adipose (unilocular) (multilocular) Origin UMCs accumulate fat→ lipoblast→ adipocytes UMCs B- lymphocyte monocytes LM Cell: Cell: Oval Oval Irregular ➔ Large Oval (50-150 um) ➔ Small Oval ➔ Store fat as single large ➔ Store fat as droplet small droplets Nucleus→ Peripheral+flat Nucleus→ central+ Round N Cort wheel or clock face N Kidney shaped N Round (Due to alternating heterochromatin and euchromatin) Eccentric N Cytoplasm→ basophilic Cytoplasm→ basophilic Basophilic Basophilic+ -ve golgi image Basophilic Signet ring appearance ‫ خاتم بفص‬No xxxxxx EM sER +Golgi + Mitochondria rER +Golgi + Mitochondria Lysosomes Function 1-Fat storage ‫تخزن دهون‬ Breakdown of fat -Secrete ‫تفرز‬ Antibodies ‫اجسام مضاده‬ 1-Phagocytosis 2-Support ‫تدعم‬ →Release of heat ‫ تطلع‬Heparin→anticoagulant 2-Antigen 3-Heat insulation ‫عازل للحراره‬ ‫حراره‬ Histamine→ allergy presenting cells 4-Energy production ‫تنتج‬ Eosinophil chemotactic ‫طاقه‬ factor ‫كام ملحوظه ع الماشي‬ 1- Multilocular adipocytes have many mitochondria more than unilocular. 2- Multilocular adipocytes →brown in color due to mitochondria ( Cytochrome pigment) 3- All cells are fixed (long lived+ stable) Except 1- plasma cells 2- Mast cells 3- Leukocytes 4- free macrophages → are free cells ( non stable& short lived) 4- Pigment cell not phagocytic cell but only store melanin formed from melanocytes. 5- Mast cells → metachromatically stained ‫ متعدده االلوان‬by toludine blue 6- Mast cells like cell in blood called basophiles  Types of CT proper 1-Loose (Areolar ) 2- Adipose White adipose Brown adipose Structure All types cells Large number of fat cells All types of fibres. collagen and elastic fibres. Matrix is most abundant with cavities (aerolae) Sites Under epithelium Under skin. In Foetus and new born: Around blood vessels. Around kidney and blood - Interscapular region. - Axilla. Fills spaces between other tissues. vessels. In adults: Only around thoracic aorta Functions Support ‫نفس كالم قبل‬ 3-Reticular 4-Mucoid 5-White fibrous 6-Yellow elastic Structure Reticular cells Fibroblast+ mucus Fibroblasts +collagen fibres+ few matrix Fibroblasts Reticular fibres Elastic fibres yellow in fresh state stained brown with orcein Site the stroma of lymph Umbilical Types: Aorta and large vessels. node+ spleen cord. Regular Irregular Bronchi and bronchioles. parallel irregularly Collagen bundles - Cornea - Sclera Functions Support protect flexible support.