Class 12 Psychology Chapter 3: Human Strengths & Life Challenges PDF

Important Question Series | Boards 2023 HUMAN STRENGTHS & MEETING LIFE CHALLENGES Class 12 | Psychology | Chapter - 3 By Priyanshi Singh Q1. Define stress. ( 2Marks ) Ans. Stress can be defined as the pattern of responses an organism makes to the stimulus...

Important Question Series | Boards 2023 HUMAN STRENGTHS & MEETING LIFE CHALLENGES Class 12 | Psychology | Chapter - 3 By Priyanshi Singh Q1. Define stress. ( 2Marks ) Ans. Stress can be defined as the pattern of responses an organism makes to the stimulus event that disturbs the equilibrium and it exceeds a person’s ability to cope;- (i) It is neither a stimulus nr a response, it is a transactional process between the individual and his environmental demands. (ii) Hans selye defines as the ‘the known specific response of the body to any demand’. It means regardless of the cause of threat, the individual will respond with the same physiological pattern of reactions. Q2. How is stress a basic ingredient of life? ( 2 Marks ) Ans. Stress is a basic ingredient of life;- i. Our biological system is equipped with some stress alarms that are essential for survival and allow one to function effectively in many situations. ii. Without undergoing stress, there can be no constructive and creative activity. iii. For examples, certain amount stress is necessary to perform better in exams/ assignment etc. Q3. What is stress resistant personality? ( 3 Marks ) Ans. Studies by Kobasa have shown that people with high levels of stress but low levels of illness are labelled as stress- resistant personality. They share three characteristics which are referred to as the personality traits of hardiness. It consists if ;- COMMITMENT- Commitment in terms of a sense of personal commitment to what one is doing. - Stress- resistant personalities have commitment to work, family, hobbies and social life. CONTROL- An individual should have a sense of control over his life. stress- resistant personalities have control in terms of a sense of purpose and direction in life CHALLENGE- An individual should always be ready to face challenges in life. stress- resistant personalities view changes in life as normal and positive rather than as a threat Q4. How resilience and health are related to each other? ( 3 Marks ) Ans. Resilience has been described as the capacity to ‘bounce back’ in stressful situations. It is manifested in the form of self worth, self confidence, independence and self- resilience. Resilient children can face adversity and lead psychologically healthy and meaningful life. Resilience is defined in the perspective of three resources- a) I have ( social strength – trust people around me) b) I am (inner strength i.e high self esteem) c) I can (inner- personal and problem- solving skills) ~ to develop resilience, children and adolescents need to have more than one of these strengths. Q6. How positive health and well-being can be achieved through positive attitude? ( 4 Marks ) Ans. Positive health and well- being can be realized by- i. Perceiving the reality fairly accurately ii. Tolerating and understanding different point of view iii.Having a sense of purpose in life iv. Having a sense of responsibility, accepting blame for failures and taking credit for success. v. Being open to new ideas, activities or ways of doing things. vi. Having a good sense humor, to be able to laugh at oneself and absurdities of life helps to see things in their proper perspective. Q7. Explain the various types of stressors. ( 4 Marks ) Ans. Physical and environment stress- physical stresses are demands that change the state of our body. For example, disabilities, malnutrition, injury etc. environmental stresses are aspects of our surroundings that are often unavoidable such as air pollution, noise, crowding, heat etc. they can also be catastrophic events or disasters such as tsunami Psychological stress- this is stress that we generate ourselves in our minds. These are personal and unique to the person experiencing them and are internal sources of stress. Like pressure, conflict and frustration. Social stress- it is induced from external factors and results from interaction with other people. Social events like death or illness in the family, strained relationships, rapid social change, poverty, discrimination and lack of social support are stress. - However the intensity and magnitude of the impact of these are a subject to individual diferences Q8. ‘ Stressors result in a variety of Stress Reactions’. ( 6 Marks ) Ans. 1. Stressors result in a variety of stress reactions, which may be physiological, behavioural, emotional and cognitive. 2. Physiological level arousal plays a key role in stress- related behaviours. The hypothalamus initiates action along two pathways. The first pathway involves the autonomic nervous system. The adrenal gland releases large amount of epinephrine and norepinephrine into the blood stream. This leads to psychological changes seen in the flight-fight response. The second pathway involves the pituitary gland, which secretes the corticosteroid (cortisol) which provides energy. 3. The emotional reactions to experience of stress include negative emotions such as fear, anxiety, embarrassment, anger, depression or eve denial. Continue… Ans. 4. The behavioural responses are virtually limitless, depending on the nature of the stressful event. Confrontative action against the stressor (fight) and withdrawal from the threatening event (flight) are two general categories of behavioural responses. 5. Cognitive responses include beliefs about the harm or threat an event poses and beliefs about its causes or controllability. These include responses such as inability to concentrate, and intrusive, repetitive or morbid thoughts.