Postpartum Infections: Symptoms, Treatment & Complications (Chapter 21)

**Key Complications** Complication Description ------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Uterine Infection Also known as endometritis, it can lead to severe complications if not treated pr...

**Key Complications** Complication Description ------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Uterine Infection Also known as endometritis, it can lead to severe complications if not treated promptly. Wound Infection Infections at the site of cesarean incisions, episiotomies, or lacerations. Mastitis Infection of breast tissue, often due to blocked ducts or poor breastfeeding techniques. Urinary Tract Infection Common postpartum infection due to bladder trauma or catheterization, can lead to pyelonephritis. **Symptoms** - **Puerperal Infections**: Flu-like symptoms, fever, malaise, anorexia, and nausea. - **Endometritis**: Uterine tenderness, dark profuse lochia, fever, tachycardia, pelvic pain. - **Mastitis**: Painful, tender localized hard mass in the breast, fever, chills, fatigue. - **Urinary Tract Infection**: Urgency, frequency, dysuria, fever, chills, and suprapubic pain. **Interventions** - **Nursing Care for Infections**: - Obtain frequent vital signs and assess pain. - Administer IV antibiotics as prescribed. - Educate clients on hand hygiene and proper perineal care. - Encourage fluid intake to promote healing and flush bacteria. **Key Drugs** - **Clindamycin**: Antibiotic used for treating endometritis. - **Cephalosporins**: Class of antibiotics effective against various postpartum infections. - **Gentamicin**: Antibiotic used in combination for severe infections. **Facts to Memorize** - Fever of 38° C (100.4° F) or higher is indicative of postpartum infection. - Endometritis usually begins on the third to fourth postpartum day. - Staphylococcus aureus is the typical causative agent of mastitis. - A diet high in protein promotes tissue healing. **Reference Information** - Common postpartum infections include endometritis, mastitis, and urinary tract infections (UTIs). - Risk factors for postpartum infections include cesarean birth, prolonged labor, and bladder catheterization. **Cause and Effect** Cause Effect ------------------------------ --------------------------------------------- Retained placental fragments Increases risk of endometritis Cesarean birth Higher risk for wound infections Poor breastfeeding technique Can lead to mastitis due to nipple trauma Bladder catheterization Increases risk for urinary tract infections **Problem-Solving Steps** **Managing Postpartum Infections** 1. **Identify Symptoms**: Monitor for fever, pain, and abnormal discharge. 2. **Assess Risk Factors**: Consider history of cesarean birth, prolonged labor, or catheterization. 3. **Perform Diagnostic Tests**: Collect cultures and perform blood tests as needed. 4. **Administer Treatment**: Start IV antibiotics for infections like endometritis and mastitis. 5. **Educate the Patient**: Teach about hygiene practices and signs of worsening conditions. 6. **Follow-Up**: Schedule follow-up appointments to monitor recovery.