Chapter 20 Promoting Asepsis & Preventing Infection PDF

Chapter 20 Promoting Asepsis & Preventing Infection Infectious agents and Reservoirs  6 Links Infectious Agents Reservoir Infection Portal of Exit  Portal of Exit Direct Contact Indirect Contact Airborne  6 Links Mode of Transmis...

Chapter 20 Promoting Asepsis & Preventing Infection Infectious agents and Reservoirs  6 Links Infectious Agents Reservoir Infection Portal of Exit  Portal of Exit Direct Contact Indirect Contact Airborne  6 Links Mode of Transmission Portal of Entry Infection Susceptible Host ○ Virulence-Severity or harmfulness of a disease or poison Portals of Entry  Stages of Infection Incubation: from time of infection until manifestation of symptoms; can infect others Prodromal: appearance of vague symptoms; not all diseases have this stage Illness: signs and symptoms present Decline: number of pathogens decline Convalescence: tissue repair, return to health  Classification of Infections By location By Duration Local: Occurs in a limited region Acute: rapid onset of short in the body (e.g., urinary tract duration (e.g., common cold) infection) Chronic: slow development, long Systemic: Spread via blood or duration (e.g., osteomyelitis) lymph Latent: infection present with no Affects many regions (e.g., discernible symptoms (e.g., septicemia) HIV/AIDS) Which describes the power and ability of an organism to cause disease? A. Infection B. Susceptibility C. Virulence D. Sensitivity  HRI’s Results from healthcare Multi Billion dollar costs A Leading cause of death Preventable ○ Exogenous ○ Endogenous  Lines of Defense Against Infection Primary Defenses Anatomical features Secondary Defenses Biochemical process Tertiary Defenses Humoral/Cell-Mediated immunity  Factors that Increase Infection Risk Developmental stage Breaks in the skin Illness/injury, chronic disease Smoking, substance abuse Multiple sex partners Medications that inhibit/decrease immune response Nursing/medical procedures  Factors that Support Host Defenses Adequate nutrition: To manufacture cells of the immune system Balanced hygiene: Sufficient to decrease skin bacterial count Not overzealous; causes skin cracking Rest/exercise Reducing stress Immunization  Preventing Infection Medical Asepsis Clean Environment Disinfect Clutter Supplies Items from home Wash your hands!!! ○ 15 seconds nonsurgical ○ 2-6 minutes surgical  Which of the following actions violates a principle that is key to proper handwashing at the bedside? A. Washing your hands for 1 min B. Shaking your hands dry over the sink C. Using warm, not very hot water D. Using the soap provided by the agency  Transmission-Based Precautions Contact precautions Pathogen is spread by direct contact ○ Sources of infection: draining wounds, secretions, supplies Precautions include ○ Possible private room ○ Clean gown and glove use ○ Disposal of contaminated items in room ○ Double-bag linen and mark  Transmission-Based Precautions Airborne Droplet  Protective Isolation Protects the client Cannot care from organisms Used in special for infected situations with patients immune- RNICU, OB, compromised client Burn Units population  Surgical Asepsis Sterile ○ Technique ○ Field ○ Supplies ○ Environment  Immunoglobulin Classes IgM: 1st antibody to appear IgG: Most common IgE: Allergic response IgA: Immune protection through secretions IgD: Traps pathogen While setting up a sterile field the nurse drops a gauze on it and part of it falls outside the sterile field. What should the nurse do? A. Get a new gauze B. Start over C. Replace gloves and gauze D. No action is needed The patient is just beginning to feel symptoms after being exposed to an upper respiratory infection. Which antibody would be most likely to be found in a test of immunoglobulin levels? A. IgA B. IgE C. IgG D. IgM  The nurse assists a surgeon with central venous catheter insertion. Which action is necessary to help maintain sterile technique? A. Closing the patient’s door to limit room traffic while preparing the sterile field B. Using clean procedure gloves to handle sterile equipment C. Placing the nonsterile syringes containing flush solution on the sterile field D. Remaining 6 inches away from the sterile field during the procedure