Work Socialization and the Meaning of Work PDF

CHAPTER 2. Work socialization and the meaning of work  “ References Woods, S.A. & West, M.A. (2010). The Psychology of Work and Organizations. Cengage Learning EMEA Chapter 4. Attitudes and behaviour in organizations Arnold, J &...

CHAPTER 2. Work socialization and the meaning of work  “ References Woods, S.A. & West, M.A. (2010). The Psychology of Work and Organizations. Cengage Learning EMEA Chapter 4. Attitudes and behaviour in organizations Arnold, J & Randall, R. (2016). Work Psychology: Understanding Human Behaviour in the Workplace. Pearson. Chapter 6. Attitudes at work Howes, S. S., & Muchinsky, P. M. (2022). Psychology Applied to Work. Hypergraphic Press Chapter 11. Affect, attitudes, and behavior at work 2 1. Attitudes and Behavior 3  What do you think about the Are you satisfied at work? Attitudes and managerial capability of your line supervisor? Behavior How do you feel about your organization and its mission? Attitudes People’s behaviour and performance at work 4 5 2. What is an attitude? 6  Evaluative statements or beliefs about something or What is an someone attitude? Target Positive / Negative COMPONENTS: 1. Cognitive 2. Affective 3. Behavioural What is the most important? 7 3. Linking Attitudes and Behavior 8  Have you ever had to do something that Cognitive was against your attitudes? dissonance theory DISSONANCE-DISCOMFORT (Festinger, Implications: 1957) 1. Behaviour is likely to be consistent with attitudes in order to avoid dissonance 2. Alteration of attitudes as a consequence of behaviour 9 The theory of planned behaviour (Ajzenand & Fishbein, 1977) 10 THE CASE OF THE YOUNG NEWLYWED 11 Work- related Attitudes JOB SATISFACTION a person’s general feelings about their job, the extent to which they feel positive or negative about it 12 Organizational Antecedents and effects of organizational commitment commitment The extent to which an individual feels they have a positive relationship with their organization 13  WITHDRAWAL OR COUNTERPRODUCTIVE Consequences BEHAVIOUR: of commitment absence, lateness and turnover and satisfaction Job ORGANIZATIONAL CONSEQUENCES Performance Organizations with more satisfied members... More customer Higher profit More productive satisfaction Lower turnover Fewer accidents 14  EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT Other Work the extent to which people are enthusiastic about and actively Attitudes involved with their job and organizations More customer satisfaction Higher profit how invested a person feels in their job in an organization More productive JOB INVOLVEMENT (to care more about and believe in the value of their work) Lower turnover Fewer accidents JUSTICE AND FAIRNESS 15 4. Attitude Change: Persuasion and Influence 16  ❖ Crano and Prislin(2006): Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) and Heuristic/Systematic Model (HSM) Attitude ❖ Attitude strength Change: ❖ Fear Persuasion and influence 17 5. Wider influences on behavior at work 18 Emotion and Behaviour Affective Events Theory (AET; Ashkanasy and Daus, 2002) 19 Perception and Behaviour ATTRIBUTION THEORIES: causes Personal construct of behaviour theory (Kelly, 1955) 20 Decision making 21 Is it reasonable to say that no human decision is ever really completely rational? BOUNDED RATIONALITY THEORY (Simon, 1972) Limitations: Introduction of risk and uncertainty: loss aversion Incomplete information about alternatives Complexity 22 THE SHOPPING STORY 23  SOCIAL Social FACILITATION Influences on Drive Behavior your performance is better when others are present or observing Theory the presence of others can serve to Explanations: promote behaviour as well as to inhibit 1.Evaluation apprehension (Cottrell, 1972) 2. Distraction-conflict theory (Baron, 1986) SOCIAL LOAFING 24 Personal identity: idiosyncratic traits and individual differences that give you a sense of who you are. Social identity: way in which you perceive yourself as a result of being a member of a particular social group. Depersonalization If others perceive your group negatively...? 25  CONFORMITY OBEDIENCE TO AUTHORITY Milgram experiment Asch experiment Would regular people in the Level of the distortion of general population obey authority judgement: if instructed to cause harm to 1.Distortion of perception others? 2.Distortion of response What are the implications for When was conformity reduced? organizations? Cross-cultural perspective