Chapter 2 - Software Components PDF

SOFTWARE  SOFTWARE Computer software consist of series of related instructions, organized for a common purpose, that tells the computer what tasks to perform and how to perform them. There are two main types of computer software: system software and application software. TYPES OF SOFTWARE...

SOFTWARE  SOFTWARE Computer software consist of series of related instructions, organized for a common purpose, that tells the computer what tasks to perform and how to perform them. There are two main types of computer software: system software and application software. TYPES OF SOFTWARE 1.System Software 2. Application Software 3. Development Software 4. Embedded Software 5. Middleware 6. Database Software 7. Enterprise Software 8. Security Software 9. Artificial Intelligent Software 10. Games and Entertainment 1. SYSTEM SOFTWARE  System Software is a computer program that is designed to run a computer's hardware and application programs. TYPES OF SYSTEM SOFTWARE AND THEIR FUNCTION Operating system: Is Device a collection of driver: Enables programs that Firmware: Enables device controls all of the device control and communication with interactions among identification. the OS and the various system hardware components. Translator: Translates Utility: Ensures high-level optimum languages to low- functionality of level machine devices and codes. applications. 2. APPLICATION SOFTWARE  Application Software is a software that allows a user to perform useful function functions. Types of application software ◦ Productivity Software: Tools for creating documents, spreadsheets, presentations, etc. (e.g., Microsoft Office, Google Workspace) ◦ Web Browsers: Software for accessing the internet (e.g., Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox).Media Players: Play audio and video files (e.g., VLC Media Player, Windows Media Player) ◦ Graphic Design Software: Create and edit images and graphics (e.g., Adobe Photoshop, CorelDRAW) ◦ Communication Software: Facilitate communication between users (e.g., Zoom, Slack). ◦ Custom software: Customised software is software that is specially developed for some specific organization or user with unique needs. PRODUCTIVITY SOFTWARE ◦ General-purpose application software is software used to apply special effects such as 3D shadows and organize text perform a broad variety of tasks and is useful to nearly all in newspaper-style columns. computer users, such as word processing, graphics editing and spreadsheet applications. ◦ WORD PROCESSING SOFTWARE ◦ Word processing software allows users to create and manipulate documents containing text and sometimes graphics. ◦ People use word processing software to create documents such as letters, memos, reports and etc. ◦ Word processing software has many features to create professional and visually appealing documents. For example, can change the font, size, and color of characters; PRODUCTIVITY SOFTWARE ◦ SPREADSHEET SOFTWARE customized functions to perform special purpose calculations. ◦ Spreadsheet software is an application that allows users to organize data in columns and rows and perform calculations on the data. ◦ These columns and rows collectively are called a worksheet. ◦ Each worksheet usually can have thousands of columns and rows. One or more letter identify each column and a number identifies rows. ◦ A cell is the intersection of a column and a row. A cell contain a value such a s number, formula, text. ◦ Users can use built-in function to perform financial, mathematical, logical calculations or write their own PRODUCTIVITY SOFTWARE ◦ DATABASE SOFTWARE ◦ Database software is an application that allows users to create, access, and manage a database. ◦ Using database software, enable users to add, change, and delete data in a database; sort and retrieve data from the database, create forms and reports using data in the database. PRODUCTIVITY SOFTWARE ◦ PRESENTATION SOFTWARE ◦ Presentation software is an application that allows users to create visual aids for presentations to communicate ideas, messages, and other information to a group of people. ◦ The presentation can be viewed as slides, sometimes called a slide show. ◦ This presentation software provides of predefined presentation formats that suggests for complementary colors for background, text and a variety of layouts for each slides. ◦ Users can also set the slide timing so that presentation can automatically displays the next slide. Users can also apply special effects for objects and slide transition. PRODUCTIVITY SOFTWARE ◦ Desktop publishing software can be used to design and produce documents that integrate text and graphics, such as brochures and flyers. ◦ General-purpose applications are sometimes bundled together in a package called a suite. An office suite, for example, includes applications an office worker is likely to use. CUSTOM SOFTWARE ◦ Customised software (also known as bespoke software or tailor-made software) is software that is specially developed for some specific organization or user with unique needs. ◦ Sometimes, a company cannot locate retail software that fully meets its unique requirement. In this case, the company may hire software developers to create specialized custom software. ◦ With custom software, the idea is to create something new and unique that meets specific needs with a specific organization, and is not intended to be adapted for use by any other organization. ◦ Example: Book Borrowing System, Subject Registration System. 3. Development Software Integrated Development Environments (IDEs): Provide comprehensive facilities for software development (e.g., Visual Studio, IntelliJ IDEA). Version Control Systems: Manage changes to source code (e.g., Git, Subversion) Compilers and Interpreters: Convert source code into executable code (e.g., GCC, Python Interpreter).  4. Middleware Acts as a bridge between different Common types of middleware include: software applications or components Database middleware: This is the most (e.g., message-oriented middleware, common middleware that enables access database middleware). and interaction with different database Middleware is a layer of software that gateways.. enables interaction and transmission Application server middleware: of information between assorted Examples include Express.js, Django applications and services. framework, Apache Tomcat, and Microsoft IIS. Message-oriented middleware: It allows software applications across multiple operating systems and networking protocols to receive and send messages to each other 5. Embedded Software  Software designed to operate hardware devices (e.g., firmware in routers, software in smart appliances). 6. Database Software 7. Enterprise Software ◦ Manages databases and provides Customer Relationship Management data storage, retrieval, and (CRM): Manage interactions with manipulation (e.g., MySQL, Oracle, customers (e.g., Salesforce, HubSpot). Microsoft SQL Server). Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP): Integrate core business processes (e.g., SAP, Oracle ERP) Supply Chain Management (SCM): Manage the flow of goods and services (e.g., SAP SCM, Oracle SCM). 8. Security Software Antivirus Software: Protect against malware and other security threats (e.g., Norton, McAfee) Firewall Software: Monitor and control incoming and outgoing network traffic (e.g., ZoneAlarm, pfSense). 9. Artificial Intelligence Software Machine Learning Frameworks: Develop and deploy machine learning models (e.g., TensorFlow, PyTorch) Natural Language Processing (NLP) Software: Analyze and generate human language (e.g., spaCy, NLTK). 10. Game & Entertainment Software Software designed for entertainment purposes (e.g., video games, virtual reality applications). Example: PC and console game (FIFA23); game; mobile game (mobile legend and pokemonGO) OS as an interaction medium between software and hardware It is a software that acts as an interface between the user and the computer hardware and controls the execution of all kinds of programs. For example, when user want to print a document, user will click a button in an application to print that document. A piece of code for printing the document (depending on how it is written and access hardware) is sent by the application to the operating system. That command is passed from the operating system to the printer driver which communicates directly to the printer. The printer prints the document.