Chapter 2 - Project Management & IT Context PDF

PROJECT MANAGEMENT & IT CONTEXT​ Chapter 2 ​ MIS 4397 AND MIS 7397 IT PROJECT MANAGEMENT PANKAJ JAGTAP Adjunct Professor NEXT REVIEW OF CHAPTER 1 1 Project definition, attributes, and triple constraints 2 Stakeholder management​ 3 Knowledge areas​...

PROJECT MANAGEMENT & IT CONTEXT​ Chapter 2 ​ MIS 4397 AND MIS 7397 IT PROJECT MANAGEMENT PANKAJ JAGTAP Adjunct Professor NEXT REVIEW OF CHAPTER 1 1 Project definition, attributes, and triple constraints 2 Stakeholder management​ 3 Knowledge areas​ 4 Tools and techniques 5 Program and Portfolio Management​ 6 Role of the Project Manager​ 7 Project Management Profession – History, PMI, Ethics​​ © 2024 Pankaj Jagtap. All rights reserved. AGENDA 1 Organization Structure and PM Effectiveness​ 2 Organization Culture and PM Effectiveness 3 Recent Trends in IT Project Management ​ © 2024 Pankaj Jagtap. All rights reserved. IMPACT OF ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE Definition Purpose Types of Structures An organization structure is a The organization structure defines Common organization structures system that outlines the hierarchy, how tasks are assigned, include functional, divisional, roles, and responsibilities within a coordinated, and supervised to matrix, and flat/team-based. company or organization. achieve organizational goals. Factors Influencing Structure Benefits The type of organization structure is influenced by An effective organization structure can improve factors such as size, industry, technology, and culture. efficiency, communication, and decision-making within the organization. © 2024 Pankaj Jagtap. All rights reserved. © 2024 Pankaj Jagtap. All rights reserved. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES 3 basic organizational structures Functional: Functional managers report to the CEO​ Project: Program managers report to the CEO​ Matrix: Middle ground between functional and project structures; personnel often report to two or more bosses; structure can be weak, balanced, or strong matrix © 2024 Pankaj Jagtap. All rights reserved. ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE & PROJECT CHARACTERISTICS Organizational Organizational Organizational Organizational Organizational Project Structure Type: Structure Type: Structure Type: Structure Type: Structure Type: Characteristics Functional Weak Matrix​ Balanced Matrix​ Strong Matrix​ Project​ Project manager’s Little or non​ Limited Low to moderate Moderate to high High to almost total authority​ % of organization’s personnel assigned full-time to project Virtually non​ 0 to 25 percent 15 to 16 percent 50 to 95 percent 85 to 100 percent work​ Who controls the project budget​ Functional manager​ Functional manager Mixed Project manager Project manager Project Part-time​ Part-time Full-time Full-time Full-time manager’s role​ Common title for Project coordinator/ Project coordinator/ Project manager/ Project manager/ Project manager/ project manager’s role​ project leader​ project leader project officer program manager program manager Project management administrative staff​ Part-time​ Part-time Part-time Full time Full-time © 2024 Pankaj Jagtap. All rights reserved. IMPACT OF ORGANIZATION CULTURE © 2024 Pankaj Jagtap. All rights reserved. ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE Organizational culture is a set of shared assumptions, values, and behaviors that characterize the functioning of an organization​ Many experts believe the underlying causes of many companies’ problems are not the structure or staff, but the culture​ HIGHRADIUS CORE VALUES © 2024 Pankaj Jagtap. All rights reserved. TOP 10 CHARACTERISTICS OF ORGANIATIONAL CULTURE 1 Member identity – 5 Control – Level of 8 Conflict tolerance – Loyalty to the company control vs. freedom to Freedom to air conflict vs. role/team​ make decisions and criticism ​ 2 Group emphasis – Better 6 Risk tolerance – 9 Means-ends orientation for project work vs. Encouragement to take – balance approach to individual performance risks and solve problems outcome and process ​ 3 People focus – 7 Reward criteria – 10 Open-systems focus – Consideration for effect Performance based Response to change in of outcomes on people ​ rewards ​ external environment​ 4 Unit integration – Encouraged to work across departments ​ © 2024 Pankaj Jagtap. All rights reserved. CASE STUDY: ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE Scenario: Eric recently joined a new organization as a Project Manager. Shortly after his orientation, he was assigned to lead a strategically important project. As he began to observe the work environment, Eric noticed that the business sponsor had an autocratic leadership style, favoring command and control with little regard for the impact on end users. Moreover, Eric discovered that the end users were primarily focused on their individual tasks, showing little interest in what was best for the company as a whole. The lack of an incentive pay structure further contributed to a demotivated workforce, where employees were hesitant to take risks or voice their opinions, especially in situations involving conflict. Discussion Question: Given these challenges, how should Eric approach managing this project to ensure its success? © 2024 Pankaj Jagtap. All rights reserved. RECENT TRENDS IN IT PROJECT MANAGEMENT © 2024 Pankaj Jagtap. All rights reserved. RECENT TRENDS AFFECTING INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY PROJECT MANAGEMENT Globalization: Outsourcing: Virtual teams: Agile project management Project team working across Outsourcing is when an A virtual team is a group of continents, in different time organization acquires goods individuals who work across zones, languages, cultures etc. ​ and/or sources from an outside time and space using source. Offshoring is communication technologies​ sometimes used to describe outsourcing from another country​ © 2024 Pankaj Jagtap. All rights reserved. GLOBALIZATION - CHALLENGES & OPPORTUNITIES Tools Communication Collaboration tools that help Challenges to communicate across teams work better​ timezones, languages, cultural differences, and holidays ​ eed to be cognizant of communication N Globalization style and preferences​ Common work practices Trust Need a common set of methodology that Recognizing and respecting differences and includes templates and tools so everything value added is important​ is working based on same ‘playbook’. ​ More in-person interaction helps with building trust ​ © 2024 Pankaj Jagtap. All rights reserved.  OUTSOURCING Outsourcing is the practice of contracting out specific tasks, services, or processes to external organizations, typically to reduce costs, access specialized skills, or improve efficiency. This can involve outsourcing a wide range of activities, from IT services and software development to customer support and manufacturing. Project managers should become more familiar with many global and procurement issues as outsourcing of IT work will continue as companies continue to focus on their core strengths and differentiators​ © 2024 Pankaj Jagtap. All rights reserved. CLASS EXERCISE - DEBATE OUTSOURCING Objective: Students will engage in a structured debate to critically examine the advantages and disadvantages of outsourcing IT services. This activity will enhance understanding of the strategic considerations, risks, and benefits associated with outsourcing in IT project management. Debate Structure: Form Two Groups: Group A (Pro-Outsourcing): Argue in favor of outsourcing IT services. Group B (Against Outsourcing): Argue against outsourcing IT services. Opening Statements (2 minutes per group): Group A presents their case for outsourcing. Group B presents their case against outsourcing. Rebuttal Round (2 minutes per group): Group A responds to Group B’s arguments. Group B responds to Group A’s arguments. © 2024 Pankaj Jagtap. All rights reserved. VIRTUAL TEAMS Advantages Disadvantages Lowering costs because many virtual workers do Isolating team members – Lack of sense of a not require office space or support beyond their team! ​ home offices​ Lack of coaching and mentoring to remote Providing more expertise and flexibility or workers​ increasing competitiveness and responsiveness Increasing the potential for communications by having team members from across the globe problems​ working any time of day or night​ Reducing the ability for team members to Improving the work/life balance for team network and transfer information informally​ members by eliminating fixed office hours and Increasing the dependence on technology to the need to travel to work​ accomplish work​ © 2024 Pankaj Jagtap. All rights reserved.