Chinese Modern Life PDF

Modern Social Life of Chinese People The basic necessities of life about the Chinese people  Chinese Family Concept Interpersonal Relationship and Transportation Development 中国人的家庭生活，人际交往与交通发展 目录 Modern Communication Mode and Contents L...

Modern Social Life of Chinese People The basic necessities of life about the Chinese people  Chinese Family Concept Interpersonal Relationship and Transportation Development 中国人的家庭生活，人际交往与交通发展 目录 Modern Communication Mode and Contents Living form and Clothing Characteristics 现代通讯与居住形式以及服饰特点 Education and Employment in China 中国的教育与就业  PART 01 Chinese Family Concept Interpersonal Relationship and Transportation Development 中国人的家庭生活，人际交往与交通发展  sì shì tónɡ tánɡ Chinese Family Concept 四世同堂 grandfather 中国人的家庭生活 great-grandfather jiā father kid FAMFAMILY STRUCTURE AND SIZE 02 In ancient China: pursuing of a large family population, advocating "four generations live under one roof." 01 Chinese people attach great importance to After 1949: The size of Chinese family and blood relationship. 03 families has generally become smaller, and the number of nuclear families consisting of. three or two people has gradually increased.  Chinese Family Concept 中国人的家庭生活 The meanings contained in Chinese names: xìnɡ mínɡ CHINESE NAMES 姓 名 Surnames: a symbol of blood relations The composition/order of Chinese names: First names: express good wishes of the parents Surnames ＋ First names fù ɡuì “富”: make a fortune “贵”: be successful The types of Chinese surnames: fú qiánɡ “福”: joy and happiness “强”: health and strength xián cái the one-character/one-syllable surname “贤”: virtious and honorable “才”: competent person lǐ wánɡ zhānɡ liú sūn yánɡ 李 王 张 刘 孙 杨 the two-character/two-syllable surname ɡōnɡ sūn xuān yuán línɡ hú 公孙 轩辕 令狐  Chinese Family Concept 中国人的家庭生活 WOMEN AND FAMILY Under the influence of the historically male-dominated Chinese society, especially due to the idea of "male breadwinner and female housemaker", Woman still take on significantly more responsibilities in housework and According to Chinese law, husband looking after young children. and wife share equal rights and obligations in the family and their In terms of housework sharing: women＞ men housework is generally shared by the couple. In terms of decision-making: men ＞ women  From 1979 to 1982, the family planning policy was completely implemented. Densely populated cities implement stricter family planning policies, and families with multiple Due to the influence of perennial births will face fines. Rural wars, after the founding of New households are relatively China, the government relaxed. Since then, the era of encouraged multiple children in a only children has arrived. family and married women to Although only children have strive to become "heroic mothers". the care and material conditions of the whole family, they also face the burden of supporting their four parents after marriage. The population is growing rapidly, and the government encourages densely populated areas to From 2000 to 2013, promote birth control. families with "double only" children were allowed to have two children. The government has established a "family planning group" to Fully implement the encourage families to have only "two child" policy in two children 2016  Chinese Family Concept 中国人的家庭生活 1 2 3 Universal two-child policy Three-child policy The family planning policy time: on May31, 2021 time: on January 1st, 2016 purpose: in an effort to purpose: in order to time: at the end of the 1970s further optimize the birth improve the population purpose: in order to solve strategy further policy severe environmental and main content: China social problems. main content: allows all implemented the policy couples to have two children, main content: each couple officially bringing an end to that a couple can have were only encouraged to have three children and the policy of family planning. one child. supporting measures.  Chinese Family Concept Marriage certificate of China 中国人的家庭生活 lí hūn jié hūn 离婚 结婚 In ancient China, a couple didn't need to The current legal age for marriage in China is 22 register their marriage with government MARRIAGE for men and 20 for women. However, a survey of officials. A permission from their parents ten major cities in China showed that the average and a traditional wedding ceremony with age of marriage for Chinese was 28 years old in three bows (bow to the Heaven and Earth, 2023. to their parents and to each other) would Tendency: Most Chinese, especially urban make them husband and wife. THE MARRIAGE SYSTEM residents, are getting married older and older. IN ANCIENT CHINA In 2023, China's divorce rate reached 3.4 ‰, According to data from the National Bureau of DIVORCE Statistics, the number of divorces in China has reached 15 million in 2023. Divorce certificate of China z DISCUSS  dǎ zhāo hu Interpersonal Relationship ·Greeting 中国人的人际交往 To familiar people: 打招呼 "你吃了吗?" Or " 吃饭了吗？" To an unfamiliar person or on a formal occasion: l Nominal Age and Real Age. "你好" （Nice to meet you.）or "您好."（Nice to meet you）. Nominal Age: one year old at birth, then increase one year every Spring Festival. ·Asking About Age Nomina Age: There different ways to ask a person's age, depending on add on 2 years if it is before your lunar brithday how old they are. add on 1 year if it is after your lunar birthday. To small children: “你几岁了 ?” To teenagers: "你多大了? 你多少岁了？” To those in their twenties:"你二十几了? 你几几年的？” To those who are about forty years old:“你三十几了?” If the people is obviously over forty:“你四十几了?” In general, older people, whether men are women, don't mind being asked about their age Don't ask a woman's age easily in China!  Interpersonal Relationship Visiting somebody in the hospital: often has to bring something, mostly fruits, nutrients and flowers. When 中国人的人际交往 sending flowers, pay attention to whether the patient is allergic to flowers. l Giving Gifts To celebrate the birthday of the elderly You have to give gifts to attend a wedding in usually send longevity peaches and noodles. Because in China. China these two things symbolize longevity, "peach" means In the early years, the bride and groom were often longevity, derived from the legend of eating flat peach can live given daily necessities, such as tea sets, bed forever, and “noodles" means longevity because noodles sheets, blankets, and souvenirs. Many people now often mean "long time". use the form of red envelopes instead of sending physical objects. In addition, it should be noted that noodles are generally given to family To be a guest at a friend's house, members as birthday gifts or close friends. you usually have to give a gift. I used to bring fruit or snacks. Now I go to a friend's house to be a guest. I also send some flowers, chocolates, crafts or wine. If the host has children at home, I can also send children's toys.  Interpersonal Relationship 中国人的人际交往 Some taboos when giving gifts ： Avoid giving a clock: Because "giving a clock" is the same as "giving an end", which makes people think of death and the end of life. Avoid giving shoes: shoes are generally not given because the purpose of "shoes" is to walk, and giving others shoes means giving them away and leaving you. Avoid giving umbrellas: Because the pronunciation of "umbrella" in China is similar to that of "scattering", if you give an umbrella to others, it means that your relationship will be scattered sooner or later. This situation is naturally not good.  Interpersonal Relationship 中国人的人际交往 HONG BAO hónɡ bāo 2 红包 Now the gifting of hongbao means in general the gifting of money. It's usually a custom BUSINESS CARDS 1 for a joyful celebration, such as an elderly person's birthday party, a wedding, or even at times, a funeral. With Modern business cards are the development of the usually made of paper. Internet and diversification of payment modes, it is now The ancient Chinese popular to gift someone with business card was called hongbao by means of mobile “ye" or “mingtie". It was phones. made of bamboo sheets, high-grade paper or damask silk. It was usually sent to the higher level by the lower level, and was also used between officialdom or celebrities. z DISCUSS  Transportation Development 中国交通发展 TRANSPORTATION 1 2 More and more passengers China's transportation who travel a long distance industry is evolving rapidly. Three-child policy prefer to travel by air. More and more families Whether in the city or in time: on May31, 2021 now own a car, depending the countryside, there are on it as an essential means purpose: in order to further always many people riding of transportation. Of course, optimize the birth policy bicycles or motorcycles for public transportation is still short trips. main content: China used by a majority of people. implemented the policy that a couple can have three children and supporting measures.  Transportation Development 中国交通发展 URBAN As the income of residents increases, cars PUBLIC begin to enter households quickly. TRANSPOR TATION Changes in the number of private cars In order to reduce pollution and traffic congestion, owned by Chinese residents: high priority is given to developing public In 1985, 285thousand vehicles AUTOMOBILES INTO THE transportation in every city. Besides buses, some LIFE OF ORDINARY In 2023, 348 million vehicles FAMILIES cities also have subways. The increase of car ownership has brought Trains are still one of the most commonly used long- about serious traffic jams in cities and even distance vehicles in China. Therefore, the annual aggravated environmental pollution. TRAIN Spring Festival and National Day holidays are the most difficult time to get train tickets, because these two periods are the peak period for people to travel long distances. In addition to trains, high-speed railways, referred to as "gaotie", are also one of the commonly used means of transportation. It is worth mentioning that as of the end ɡāo tiě of 2019, China's high-speed railway operating mileage 高铁 ranks the top in the world.  Transportation Development 中国交通发展 THE QINGHAI-TIBET THE QINGHAI-TIBET RAILWAY RAILWAY The Qinghai-Tibet railway boasts The whole railway was opened the highest altitude and longest to traffic in 2006.In 2014,its stretch of track across a plateau in extension section-the Lhasa- the world. With a length of 1,956 Shigatse railway was put into kilometers, it starts in Xining City, operation as well. More than Oinghai Province in the east and 960 kilometers of the rails are ends in Lhasa, Tibet in the west. laid over an area whose altitude is more than 4,000 meters. The highest point is in the area of Tanggula Mountains at an altitude of 5,072 meters.  Transportation Development MOTOCYCLE Motorcycle is also a common means of transportation, 中国交通发展 especially in some small cities, it has the advantages of low price, fast speed, easy to use and store. AIRCRAFT Go to distant places to visit relatives, travel, and business trips The three biggest airlines in China are Air China, China Southem and China Eastern. ɡònɡ xiǎnɡ dān chē SHIP Ships are not used as a means of travel, but they BICYCLE: 共享单车 Bicycles entered China at the end of the 19th century. At present, the still play an important role when crossing the sea output and consumption of bicycles in China rank first in the world. and crossing the river. Moreover, when people Whether in the city or in the country, bicycles are commonly used travel, ships are an important tool for sightseeing, means of transportation, but also gradually become a tool for people to such as the Three Gorges Tour of the Yangtze exercise. River and the Pearl River Night Tour. Nowadays, more and more cities have emerged as "bike sharing ". While promoting green travel, people are encouraged to do more outdoor sports and keep fit. Transportation Development 中国交通发展 01 Between 1405 and 1433, during the Ming Dynasty, the Chinese explorer Zheng He made seven long voyages with his grand fleets under the order of Emperor Zhu Di. 02 During the seven voyages, Zheng He led his fleet from Nanjing to the Western Pacific and Indian Ocean, and visited more than 30 countries and regions, including ancient Java, Sumatra, Siam, Bangara, Adan, Tianfang, Zuafar, Hurumus, Mugudushu and so on. It is known that it is as far as East Africa and the Red Sea  PART 02 Modern Communication Mode and Living form and Clothing Characteristics 现代通讯与居住形式以及服饰特点  Modern Communication Mode 现代通讯 Mobile Telephone Computer Network payment Three operators： 2 3 4 1 Desktop computer Network cable ·China Mobile Alipay Communications ·China United Telecommunications WeChat pay ·China Telecommunications Laptop/Notebook Wireless internet China Unionpay Quick Pass  Modern Communication Mode 现代通讯与 Landline Telephone Entering China in the 1980s, it cost thousands of yuan each, but at that time, ordinary people's monthly salary was only dozens of yuan. In the 1990s, it gradually entered ordinary people's families. After the 21st century, almost every family has a telephone, but now Cellular Phone it is no longer needed. It was very expensive to enter China Pager in the 1990s. Owning a cell phone In 1983, Shanghai opened China's was a symbol of success at that time.. first paging station, and pagers entered China. In the late 1980s, pagers began to appear in China. Since 1990, he has entered ordinary people's homes. Since the second Smartphone half of 1995, with the emergence and Iphone Huawei popularization of mobile phones, it has gradually faded out of people's You can surf the Internet and sight. gradually enter people's vision after 2010. Clamshell mobile phone A foldable smartphone You can call and send text messages Popular from 2000 to 2010  Modern Communication Mode 现代通讯与 The Fixed-line phone number:an eight-digit Fixed-line number 87800830 telephone Area long distance area codes:Xi'an(029),Beijing Mobile number:an eleven-digit number. like (010),Shanghai(021) 18292027842. At first,the mobile phone number started with Mobile number "13" and later the phone number at the beginning of "15","18"and"17" appeared with increasing uers. Now,all the mobile phone Name number needs a real-name registration registration. Modern Communication Mode 现代通讯与 The impact of smart phones and the Internet WeChat Moments 01 Voice calls Video calls Red envelope 02 Mobile payment Alipay WeChat pay China Unionpay Quick Pass Face-scanning payment shǒu jī zhī fù 手机支付  Modern Communication Mode 现代通讯与 What is 5G? Call Send text Surf the internet Watch movies Driverless vehicle Internet of Everthing (IoE) The fifth generation mobile networks z DISCUSS  Clothing Characteristics 服饰特点 Dress Headwear Shoe Earring 2 3 4 ·Cheongsam 1 Hairpin ·Hanfu Buyao ·Chinese tunic suit ·Tang suit  Clothing Characteristics 服饰特点 When it comes to Traditional Chinese costumes, Cheongsam many foreigners will think of cheongsam. In fact, cheongsam is only a traditional costume of an Traditional Chinese costume in the true sense ethnic minority—the Manchu in China. should be Hanfu, that is, the traditional costume of the Han-Chinese.The forms of Han Fu Hanfu in different periods are also different. Chinese tunic suit Designed by Dr. Sun Yat-sen Now it is mostly male government officials who wear Chinese suits.  Living form 住宅形式 North-south The house in urban Rural Housing difference Before the 1990s, urban residential buildings Now the rural housing is not only Suzhou Classical Gardens: Northern Quadrangle: were basically divided into different units with 6 beautiful, but also has complete facilities, south of the lower The traditional residential or 7 floors and were small in area, where there including basic toilet, bath equipment, air reaches of the form in the north is are none of independent toilets and kitchens. conditioning, and some heating and Yangtze River surrounded by houses and parking garage. White wall grey tile a courtyard in the middle. Since the 1990s, people have begun to build commercial housing in cities on a large scale, so that the living conditions have been greatly improved. Nowadays, high-rise buildings of more than 30 stories can be seen everywhere. The houses are bigger, the living environment is better as well. Living form Apartment form 住宅形式 In China, the average family and working class 02 Changes of furniture live in an apartment. In the 1950s, people usually thought that they were Now, the types of apartment in China are mainly one room one hall, two 01 rich if they had watches, bicycles, sewing machines rooms one hall and three rooms one hall. Hall is the living room and room is and radios at home. the bedroom.In the past, the bedroom was bigger , the living room is By the 1980s, if there were a TV, refrigerator, smaller, while now people pay attention to privacy more and more,so the washing machine and telephone, they would be rich. area of "hall" is bigger. Besides "hall" and "room", "Wei" and "Chu" also be In the late 1990s, these symbols of the rich were indispensable in contemporary residence. Can you guess what "wei" and replaced by mobile phones, computers, air "chu" are? conditioners and cars. 03 Family decoration People used to like decorating their houses in red and with flowers. Furniture is also more choice the one which made of natural wood and even expensive mahogany. Now young people prefer simple and generous decoration style.  Living form 住宅形式 Housing loan Call Send text Surf the internet Watch movies At present, the average price of houses in Xi'an is 15，000 per square meter. It takes 1，500， 000 yuan to buy a house with 100 square meters. The average salary is 5000-6000 per month. Many young people rent because they can't afford a house. Sharing: rent a house with friends or strangers and share the rent equally. z DISCUSS  PART 03 ·Education and Employment in China 中国的教育于就业 Employment of Chinese People 中国人的就业 01 By the end of 2023, the total number of employed people in urban and rural areas in China will reach 74.041 million, of which 470.32 million will be employed in urban areas. Characteristics of Employment Structure 02 In terms of employment structure, the trend in recent years is that the proportion of employees in the primary industry is gradually decreasing, the proportion of employees in the secondary industry is basically stable, and the proportion of employees in the tertiary industry is gradually increasing. The following table compares the proportion of employees in the three major industries in several years: Year Primary Industry（%） Secondary Industry（%） Tertiary Industry（%) 1990 60.1 21.4 18.5 2002 50.0 21.4 28.6 2013 26.1 27.6 46.3 2023 22.8 29.1 48.1  Employment of Chinese People 中国人的就业 Characteristics of Employment Region and Scope Traditional jobs Traditional jobs Traditional jobs The most popular companies The most popular industry The most popular cities 添加标题 点击此处添加文字说明内 容，可以通过复制您的文 本内容，在此文本框粘贴 并选择只保留文字。  Employment of Chinese People 中国人的就业 The Unemployment Rate in China By the end of 2023, there will be 10.74 million registered unemployed people in urban areas of China, with an urban registered unemployment rate. Since the 1990s, the urban registered unemployment rate has gradually increased, from 2.3% in 1992 to 4.3% in 2003, and has remained stable between 4% and 4.3% thereafter. By 2023, the registered urban unemployment rate will be 5.2%. The issue of unemployment has also been a concern in recent years. Unemployment 2000 2005 2010 2018 2023 Number of Urban Registered Unemployed People 595 839 908 974 1074 (Ten Thousand) Urban Registered Unemployed Rate（%） 3.1 4.2 4.1 3.8 5.2  Employment of Chinese People 中国人的就业 8-hour workday A daily working time of no more than 8 hours for workers. The average weekly working time does not exceed 44 hours. "Two-day weekend" system 1 Overtime working cannot exceed 1 hour, and the maximum cannot exceed 3 hours. Not be less than 150% of normal salary Working Time  Employment of Chinese People According to China‘s regulations, New Year's Day, the Spring 中国人的就业 Festival, the Tomb Sweeping Day, the International Labor Day, the Dragon Boat Festival, the Mid-Autumn Festival and the National Day are legal holidays and holiday days for workers. Overtime on statutory holidays requires payment of three times the Legal Holidays worker's salary. China has a system of compensatory leave. The national compensatory leave is mainly used for shifting holidays, which means to transfer a specific public holiday to another time 2 (usually later). Compensatory leave is the state's use of public power to directly change the date of a public holiday, converting a date that does not belong to a public holiday into a public holiday. Holidays  Employment of Chinese People 中国人的就业 According to the China’s labor laws, workers who have worked continuously for more than one year are entitled to paid annual leave. According to the Regulations on Paid Annual Annual Vacation System Leave for Employees, if an employee has worked for a cumulative period of one year but less than ten years, they shall take 5 days of annual leave; For those who have served for ten 2 years but less than twenty years, they are entitled to 10 days of annual leave; For those who have been here for 20 years, they will have an annual leave of 15 days. Statutory holidays and rest days are not included in the annual vacation period. Holidays  Employment of Chinese People 中国人的就业 The current statutory retirement age in China is 63 for males and 58 for females. After retirement, enjoy 3 corresponding social security, such as medical insurance and pension insurance. Depending on the workplace, retirees also receive corresponding retirement allowances every month. Retirement Employment of Chinese People 中国人的就业 1. How many people in China are migrant workers? What is a migrant worker? 2. What is the family structure of famous agricultural workers? 3. What is their job like? 4. What do family members think about their work? 5. Why did they choose to become "famous farmers"? z DISCUSS z DISCUSS ONLINE EDUCATION Thank You！