chapter 19 pwpt (1).pptx

CHAPTER 19: SOUTH ASIA https://youtu.be/ihmfkdEcDyk Tour of Mt. Everest TOURING THE TAJ MAHAL https://youtu.be/I6i8cLXPGQE Story of the Taj Mahal PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY WHAT IS THE PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF SOUTH ASIA LIKE? REGIONS OF SOUTH ASIA • South Asia is classified as a subcontinent....

CHAPTER 19: SOUTH ASIA https://youtu.be/ihmfkdEcDyk Tour of Mt. Everest TOURING THE TAJ MAHAL https://youtu.be/I6i8cLXPGQE Story of the Taj Mahal PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY WHAT IS THE PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF SOUTH ASIA LIKE? REGIONS OF SOUTH ASIA • South Asia is classified as a subcontinent. • Subcontinent-Large landform that is smaller than a continent • India-Plateau, river valleys, coastal plains, Great Indian Desert • Nepal and Bhutan-Landlocked, Mount Everest • Pakistan-West, Near Indus River • Bangladesh-East • Maldives and Sri Lanka-Islands Map Resources PHYSICAL LANDFORMS • The Deccan Plateau resulted from extensive volcanic activity that spread a layer of flood basalt across much of the land. • Deccan Plateau-A plateau in India that formed when extensive volcanic activity spread a layer of flood basalt across much of the land • Mountains and valleys in this region have been shaped by glacier activity. • Volcanic activity formed the submarine mountain range that became the Maldives. KARAKORAM MOUNTAINS MOUNT EVEREST DECCAN PLATEAU WESTERN GHATS SRI LANKA THE MALDIVES BODIES OF WATER • Seas and Oceans • Arabian Sea • Indian Ocean Arabian Sea BODIES OF WATER • Rivers • • • • • Ganges River Indus River Brahmaputra River Yamuna River Godavari and Krishna Rivers Ganges River, India BODIES OF WATER • Lakes • Thousands of glacial lakes • Lagoons Map Resources CLIMATES OF SOUTH ASIA • Cold temperatures do not reach into the subcontinent. • South Asia has the strongest monsoon winds in the world. • Monsoon-A wind that changes direction with the seasons Map Resources RESOURCES OF SOUTH ASIA • India and Pakistan: petroleum, natural gas, uranium, coal • Bangladesh: petroleum, natural gas • Sri Lanka: gemstones • Other resources: copper, iron ore, timber, limestone, fish Map Resources HUMAN GEOGRAPHY HOW DO THE PEOPLE OF SOUTH ASIA LIVE? HISTORY • India was ruled by a series of empires: Mauryan Empire, Gupta Empire, Mughal Empire, and the British Empire. • Mauryan Empire-First Indian empire; established in 322 BC • Mughal Empire- Muslim-based empire in India • Britain maintained control of India, Sri Lanka, and the Maldives until after World War II. • In India, Mahatma Gandhi used passive resistance against the British. • Passive Resistance-A means of achieving goals using protests, civil disobedience, and economic or political noncooperation • The British territory eventually separated into India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. • Nepal and Bhutan had various kingdoms and dynasties through the centuries. GOVERNMENT • All the countries except Nepal have parliamentary democracies as their form of government. • Nepal calls their government a federal parliamentary republic. GOVERNMENT INTERACTIONS WITH ITS CITIZENS • Failure to represent the people in a way that commands respect for elected officials • Failure to have equality for all citizens • Opposition from militant elements who promote their own views EDUCATION AND HEALTH CARE • India has made the most significant improvements in its educational system. • Private education is increasing. • Health care in South Asia varies from universal to minimal. ECONOMIES • South Asian economies are a mixture of agriculture, industry, textiles, and tourism. • India, Nepal, and the Maldives have mixed economies. • Pakistan, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka have free-market economies. DEMOGRAPHICS • South Asian countries have sustainable birth rates. • Most South Asians are of IndoAryan descent, although the many other ethnic groups include Punjab, Pashtun, Bengali, and Sinhalese. CULTURE AND DIVERSITY • Many languages and cultural distinctives are found in this region. • South Asian people celebrate their culture and diversity in many ways, including music, dance, and ethnic foods. FOOD, DANCE, AND SPORTS • Staple foods include rice, vegetables, and chicken. • Pakistan-Most dishes start with chicken • Bangladesh-menu items vary with chicken, duck, beef, fish, goat, and pigeon • Desserts are called sweetmeats. FOOD, DANCE, AND SPORTS • Popular sports include badminton, soccer, volleyball, basketball, water sports, cricket, rugby, and archery. • https://www.usacricket.org/what-iscricket/ • The most popular game is Kabaddi. • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v =av1mr3UpdZk cricket FAMILY • The extended family has been the building block of South Asian nations for many centuries. • As these nations become more urbanized, extended families tend to live in their own homes rather than in a family compound. RELIGION • Hindu tradition assigns people to different castes. • Caste-A system in India that determines a person’s social status • People who are beneath the castes are called “untouchables.” • Untouchables-People in India whose occupations, such as tanner or garbage collector, are considered so low that they are beneath caste RELIGION • Today, the basic castes are divided into sub-castes called “jatis.” You are born into and marry within your jati. • (Although, this is changing as young people use technology to break down cultural barriers.) • The system allows for little, if any, upward mobility in society. BELIEFS: HINDUISM • Most Hindus agree on two key beliefs: samsara and moksha. • Samsara-The belief in Reincarnation-A cycle of birth, death, and rebirth according to Hindu teaching • Moksha-Release/freedom from the law of samsara and absorbed back into the oneness with Brahman BELIEFS: HINDUISM • Hindu beliefs vary greatly because Hinduism has three sets of holy books and no single founder or teacher. • Some Hindus believe in one god; others believe in many gods. • Hindus claim to be very tolerant of other religions. INTERACTIONS OF PEOPLE AND PLACES WHAT ARE SOME OF THE CHALLENGES OF LIVING IN SOUTH ASIA? INTERACTION AMONG PEOPLE • Mistreatment of women is a serious issue in several South Asian countries. • • • • • Abortion of female babies Child brides Kidnapping, abduction, and torture Human trafficking Dowry violence INTERACTION WITH THE ENVIRONMENT • For centuries the people of South Asia have lived by subsistence farming and the practice of trades passed down by their predecessors. • Urban areas are densely populated, and access to clean water and sanitation is woefully inadequate. • Waste has become a monumental problem. REASONS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES • Water • Toxic waterways • Health issues • Air • • • • Air pollution Burning trash Indoor pollution Smog from cement plants • Land • Mountains of trash • Deforestation • Erosion PROPOSED SOLUTIONS • Disciplined recycling • Development of cleaner energy • Reforestation • Reporting of illegal dumping CHAPTER REVIEW • CASE STUDY • SUMMARY • TERMS TO KNOW SUBCONTINENT Large landform that is smaller than a continent DECCAN PLATEAU A plateau in India that formed when extensive volcanic activity spread a layer of flood basalt across much of the land MONSOON A wind that changes direction with the seasons MAURYAN EMPIRE First Indian empire; established in 322 BC MUGHAL EMPIRE Muslim-based empire in India that ruled from 1526 to 1858 PASSIVE RESISTANCE A means of achieving goals using protests, civil disobedience, and economic or political noncooperation CASTE A system in India that determines a person’s social status UNTOUCHABLES People in India whose occupations, such as tanner or garbage collector, are considered so low that they are beneath caste REINCARNATION A cycle of birth, death, and rebirth according to Hindu teaching