Eukaryotic Gene Expression PDF

Gene Regulation Chapter 13 – Section 4 Eukaryotic Gene Regulation  Eukaryotic Gene expression can be regulated at many stages and depend on several factors. Depends on internal and external cellular factors. Can be regulated at many stages (transcript...

Gene Regulation Chapter 13 – Section 4 Eukaryotic Gene Regulation  Eukaryotic Gene expression can be regulated at many stages and depend on several factors. Depends on internal and external cellular factors. Can be regulated at many stages (transcription main control point) https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biol ogy/gene-regulation/gene-regulation-in-eu karyotes/a/overview-of-eukaryotic-gene-re gulation  Eukaryotic Gene Regulation What types of cells are eukaryotic cells? Gene Regulation: TATA Box – part of a promotor sequence that binds a protein (transcription factor) that helps position RNA polymerase by marking a point just before beginning of a gene.  Transcription Factors What do certain transcription factors do? open up tightly packed chromatin Attract RNA polymerase Block access to certain genes Multiple transcription factors must bind before RNA polymerase is able to attach to the promotor and start transcription.  Cell Specialization Why is gene regulation in eukaryotes more complex than in prokaryotes? Cell Specialization requires gene specialization. (ex. Genes that code for liver enzymes only need to be expressed in liver cells)  Genetic Control of Development Differentiation – cells becoming specialized in structure and function Gene regulation helps cells differentiate.  Genetic Control of Development Homeotic/Hox Genes – master control genes that regulate body development during embryonic development Hox Genes – genes clustered together that control the identity of a body segment Picture p. 382 https://www.shapeoflife.or g/video/genetics-how-gen es-direct-development https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=suJ7Vt0jqVA Genetic Control of Development Environmental factors can also control gene expression Examples: diet, temperature, oxygen levels, humidity, light, drugs, chemicals, etc.